Environmental and genetic variation for grain yield and barley malting quality attributes

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Q. Lu ◽  
L. O'Brien ◽  
I. M. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For

Genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction effects for malting quality attributes and grain yield were investigated using breeding lines from the F2, F3, and F4 generations and the parental varieties of 4 barley crosses. There were significant differences between the parental varieties for all attributes studied. Both malting quality and grain yield exhibited a wide range among progenies in all generations. While performance of the parental varieties and progeny for malting quality and grain yield were greatly influenced by environment, performance in one environment was predictive of that in other environments. Only for grain protein content was there evidence of crossover G × E interaction. Heritability was generally higher for F3 to F4 than for F2 to F3 for all malting quality attributes. F3 on F2 regression per cent heritability estimates for protein content, potential malt extract and grain weight were all highly significant with values generally medium in magnitude. Genetic gain was obtained from selection in both the F2 and F3 generations. Heritability and genetic gain varied from cross to cross for diastatic power. Progress from selection for the other quality attributes attests to the potential value of NIT (near infrared transmittance) spectroscopy for predicting potential malting quality. Heritability for F2 to F3 for grain yield was not significant in any cross, indicating selection for yield on the basis of individual F2 plant yield was ineffective. Heritability for grain yield from F3 to F4 was highly significant and medium in magnitude for 3 of the 4 crosses. The results of this study indicate that good genetic gain could be expected from early generation selection for potential malting quality using NIT spectroscopy and for grain yield using F3 progeny testing.

Barley malting quality and yield interrelationships and the effect on yield distribution of selection for malting quality in the early generations

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Q. Lu ◽  
L. O'Brien ◽  
I. M. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Diastatic Power ◽  
Selection For

Relationships between malting quality attributes and grain yield in segregating populations can profoundly influence the intensity and sequence of trait selection. Consequently, the interrelationships between malting quality parameters predicted by near infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy, grain weight, and grain yield in unselected populations of F2, F3, and F4 breeding lines from 4 barley crosses were examined. The simple and partial correlations between malt extract, protein content, and diastatic power were similar to those reported in previous studies except for a positive correlation between malt extract and diastatic power in the F2 and F3 generations. This positive relationship should enhance selection for improved malting quality in breeding programs. There were no relationships between grain yield and malting quality attributes, which would have an adverse impact on the intensity and sequence of trait selection. The effect of F2 and F3 selection for malting quality on F3 and F4 yield distributions was estimated by comparing the F3 and F4 yield distributions of the entire unselected population with those for the selected populations. Individual selection and sequential independent selection in the F2 and F3 generation for malting quality parameters predicted by NIT spectroscopy and grain weight in 4 crosses generally did not alter the nature of the subsequent yield distributions, yet 78–90% of lines could be discarded and there still existed adequate genetic gain for grain yield in the retained population of potentially good malting quality lines. These results indicate that barley breeders could use NIT spectroscopy to efficiently select in the early generations for malting quality prior to the conduct of yield testing and obtain good genetic gain for both malting quality and grain yield.

scholarly journals Breeding Malting Barley under Stress Conditions in South America

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Germán S
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
South America ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Early Maturity

The annual average area sown with barley (Hordeum vulgare) in South America during 1999–2003 was 795 000 ha. In Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, two-rowed spring cultivars are used mostly for malt production. Research has been developed in private malting companies and official institutions supported by the industry. In Argentina, tolerance to drought and heat stress during grain filling are important in drier areas. Yield and malt extract had been improved in cultivars released from 1940 to 1998. In Brazil, progress in grain yield, grain size, malting quality, early maturity, and resistance to net blotch, powdery mildew, and leaf rust has been achieved by EMBRAPA and malting companies. Higher tolerance to soil acidity and resistance to spot blotch are required. Since 1976, malting barley breeding in INIA-Chile has improved grain yield, grain size, beer production efficiency, and resistance to scald, net blotch, stripe rust, and leaf rust. Uruguay produces high quality malt exported mainly to Brazil. Malting companies have released locally bred and introduced cultivars since the early 1970’s. Initiated in 1988, INIA-Uruguay breeding program has improved yield, malting quality, and lodging and disease resistance. Fusarium head blight is a new challenge for research in Brazil and Uruguay. Information regarding malting barley production, the most important stresses in different areas of production, and breeding progress under South American conditions is provided.  

scholarly journals Predicting the genetic gain in the Brazilian white maize landrace

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Raquel Ribeiro e Souza ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽  
Messias Gonzaga Pereira ◽  
Leandro Vagno de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Landrace

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic variability and predict genetic gain in the white maize landrace rescued in Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Brazilian maize landraces have economic and social importance for certain areas in Brazil, and research on this germplasm is very important for local food security. Three experiments were carried out with 100 half-sib progenies, in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Coimbra and Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil. These sites were chosen for their soil and climatic differences. An analysis of variance was significant among the progeny for all characters, indicating the presence of genetic variability between the three populations. In Campos dos Goytacazes and Coimbra, the genetic variation of the white maize landrace was responsible for most of the phenotypic variance in grain yield and can be used in selection cycles. There was no significant genetic variance in grain yield in Barbacena. For the white maize landrace it was concluded that: the characters of the component of productivity such as plant density and number of plants with kernels can produce indirect genetic gain for grain yield and are suitable for breeding; prebreeding of the maize landrace is necessary before being used directly in the elite germplasm; the population contains high genetic variability and opportunities for genetic gain; the average agronomic traits are suitable only for traditional production systems with few inputs, and polyculture; the difference between environments produces specific responses in the progeny i.e. there is a progeny x environment interaction.

Efficiency of nucleus breeding schemes in dual-purpose cattle of Tanzania

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kasonta ◽  
G. Nitter
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Breeding Schemes

ABSTRACTFor the Mpwapwa cattle breed in Tanzania, the efficiency of various breeding schemes including an open nucleus was investigated by model calculations. Artificial insemination and intensive recording of production are assumed to be applied in a nucleus which is the main breeding unit. As a pre-nucleus, associated herds with less intense data recording serve as the basis to screen superior cows for nucleus replacements, provide the capacity for progeny testing, and operate as bull multipliers for commercial herds.The criteria of efficiency were genetic gain and profit from selection for a dual purpose breeding objective (milk and beef) in a total population of 10 000 cows. Introducing a two breeding tier scheme through separating all recorded cows into a nucleus and pre-nucleus leads to an increase of the genetic gain rather than the profit. Further improvement is obtained by introduction of artificial insemination in pre-nucleus herds. The nucleus size should not exceed about 5% of the cow population and an optimum size of the pre-nucleus is about 15%. Opening the nucleus to replacement cows coming from the pre-nucleus affects the aggregate genetic gain very little although it can be recommended if milk yield is to be mainly improved or if the total profit is taken into account. Furthermore, the nucleus should be opened if there is little difference between the heritabilities in the nucleus and pre-nucleus and also in order to avoid detrimental effects of inbreeding and genotype × environment interaction.

scholarly journals Sowing Dates and Soybean Cultivars Influence Seed Yield, Oil and Protein Contents in Subtropical Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽  
Jackson Kawakami ◽  
Kélin Schwarz ◽  
Renan Caldas Umburanas ◽  
Murilo Viotto Del Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Late Sowing ◽  
Subtropical Environment

The sowing date is the crop management practice with higher interference on soybean grain yield, although this interference is dependent on the genotype by environment interaction. This study was carried out to evaluate how soybean genotypes behave at different sowing times in a subtropical environment. We evaluated the grain yield, yield components, plant morphology and grain oil and protein content of four soybean cultivars (FPS Urano RR, BMX Apolo RR, BMX Energia RR and BRS 284) at three sowing dates (early, mid, and late sowing in 2010/2011 season) in Mid-South of Parana State, Brazil. Early cultivars at late sowing may have problems with mechanical harvest. The number of pods and grains differed among cultivars, and the cultivar “BRS 284” showed the best results. As an exception, the cultivar “BRS 284” showed yield stability among sowing dates. Higher amount of grain protein content occurs in middle and late sowing dates. The grain yield decreased with delay of sowing due to the reduction of the grains mass and in Southern Brazil is very important to assure high mass of seed to obtain high grain yields.

scholarly journals Grain yield and seed quality of soybean selected for high protein content

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odilon Lemos de Mello Filho ◽  
Carlos Sigueyuki Sediyama ◽  
Maurílio Alves Moreira ◽  
Múcio Silva Reis ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Massoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Content Selection ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Selection For

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of selection for high protein on seed physiological quality and grain yield of soybean. Four populations of BC1F4 and four of F4, each from a cross between a commercial variety and a line bearing high protein seeds, were used. The high protein content selection has a tendency to affect negatively the seed physiological quality. Estimates of correlation coefficients between protein content and grain yield were mostly negative but varied among populations. It is possible to obtain lines with high protein content, keeping the grain yield and the seed physiological quality of their respective recurrent progenitors.

scholarly journals Pea Grain Protein Content Across Italian Environments: Genetic Relationship With Grain Yield, and Opportunities for Genome-Enabled Selection for Protein Yield

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Crosta ◽  
Nelson Nazzicari ◽  
Barbara Ferrari ◽  
Luciano Pecetti ◽  
Luigi Russi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Polygenic Control ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Ril Population

Wider pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivation has great interest for European agriculture, owing to its favorable environmental impact and provision of high-protein feedstuff. This work aimed to investigate the extent of genotype × environment interaction (GEI), genetically based trade-offs and polygenic control for crude protein content and grain yield of pea targeted to Italian environments, and to assess the efficiency of genomic selection (GS) as an alternative to phenotypic selection (PS) to increase protein yield per unit area. Some 306 genotypes belonging to three connected recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from paired crosses between elite cultivars were genotyped through genotyping-by-sequencing and phenotyped for grain yield and protein content on a dry matter basis in three autumn-sown environments of northern or central Italy. Line variation for mean protein content ranged from 21.7 to 26.6%. Purely genetic effects, compared with GEI effects, were over two-fold larger for protein content, and over 2-fold smaller for grain and protein yield per unit area. Grain yield and protein content exhibited no inverse genetic correlation. A genome-wide association study revealed a definite polygenic control not only for grain yield but also for protein content, with small amounts of trait variation accounted for by individual loci. On average, the GS predictive ability for individual RIL populations based on the rrBLUP model (which was selected out of four tested models) using by turns two environments for selection and one for validation was moderately high for protein content (0.53) and moderate for grain yield (0.40) and protein yield (0.41). These values were about halved for inter-environment, inter-population predictions using one RIL population for model construction to predict data of the other populations. The comparison between GS and PS for protein yield based on predicted gains per unit time and similar evaluation costs indicated an advantage of GS for model construction including the target RIL population and, in case of multi-year PS, even for model training based on data of a non-target population. In conclusion, protein content is less challenging than grain yield for phenotypic or genome-enabled improvement, and GS is promising for the simultaneous improvement of both traits.

scholarly journals Selection of corn cultivars for yield, stability, and adaptability in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inocencio Junior de Oliveira ◽  
André Luiz Atroch ◽  
Miguel Costa Dias ◽  
Lauro José Guimarães ◽  
Paulo Evaristo de Oliveira Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genetic Value ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate corn cultivars grown in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, which simultaneously show high grain yield, adaptability, and stability. The trials were carried out in seven environments in the state of Amazonas, in a randomized complete block design, with two replicates. The grain yield of 30 corn cultivars was evaluated in four growing seasons, from 2011/2012 to 2014/2015. The genetic parameters were estimated by the REML/Blup methodology. The selection for adaptability and stability was based on the predicted genetic value and on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genetic values. Despite the existence of genotype x environment interaction, cultivars with high adaptability and stability were identified. Iranduba - lowland, in 2011/2012 and 2014/2015 - and Rio Preto da Eva - upland, in 2012/2013 - stood out as favorable environments, while Iranduba - upland, in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 - and Manaus - upland, in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 - were classified as unfavorable environments. The single-cross hybrid BRS 1055 showed productive superiority and high stability in this region. The Sint 10771, Sint 10781, and Sint 10699 synthetic varieties showed high adaptability. BRS Caimbé shows specific adaptability to cropping in upland environments of the state of Amazonas, Brazil.

Early generation selection in wheat. II. Grain quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
L O'Brien ◽  
KJ Quail
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Selection For

In order to test early-generation selection for grain quality, random F1-derived progeny from a multiple convergent cross of 16 high-yielding bread wheats were grown in F3 generation, along with the parents, as spaced plants in a glasshouse under optimal conditions. Progeny lines were then advanced without selection to F7 when 58 random lines were sown with the parents in a replicated yield experiment at Griffith under irrigation and optimal management. Small-scale grain quality tests were performed on grain from the F3 plants, the F7 plots and the parents. The tests comprised particle size index (PSI), grain and flour protein content (GP, FP), sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume (SDS), Pelshenke wheatmeal fermentation time (PEL) and flour milling yield (MY).There were significant genotypic effects for all quality traits in each generation. Phenotypic correlations in F3 and in F7 showed positive correlations between protein content and SDS and PEL, and in F7 a strong negative correlation between grain yield and grain quality (GP, FP, SDS, PEL). Across generations (F3 versus F7), the relationship was strong for PSI, moderate for SDS and PEL, but nonsignificant for the other traits.The realized heritability was high for PSI (77%), moderate for SDS (44%) and PEL (47%), but low (18-24%) in the other cases. Selection at an intensity of 26% for the first three mentioned traits did not significantly change grain yield, plant height or flowering date, although for GP and FP it did lower grain yield by 7%. Desirable quality types were defined within the three hardness (PSI) classes, namely, hard, intermediate, and soft (gluten type not biscuit type). Retrospective selection in F3 for desirable types significantly and markedly increased the frequency of desirable types in each class by three- to eight-fold. It is concluded that in wheat early generation selection for PSI, SDS and PEL, even when practised upon glasshouse-grown plants, gives useful progress without prejudicing grain yield.

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