Seed mass, seed production, germination and seedling traits in two phenological types of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego E. Gurvich ◽  
Lucas Enrico ◽  
Guillermo Funes ◽  
Marcelo R. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Normal Type ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Seed Sources

Bidens pilosa L. is a summer annual that shows a particular phenological pattern in the Córdoba mountains, Argentina. Some individuals start flowering 1 month after germination (early type), but most of the population starts flowering 4 months after germination (normal type). The aims of this study were to (1) analyse whether differences in flowering phenology affect seed mass and seed production, and (2) assess whether possible differences in seed traits of the two parental phenological types would affect germinability, germination rate, seedling growth and flowering phenology of offspring under laboratory conditions. The study showed that the numbers of seeds per capitulum and per plant were greater in the normal type than in the early type plants. This can be related to plant height, since in the field, normal-type plants are larger than early type plants. However, early type plants produced heavier seeds than normal-type plants. Germination rate was faster in the early type seeds, but total germination was higher in the normal ones. Seedling growth, in terms of height and the date of first flowering, did not differ between the phenological types of parental seed sources. Our results showed that differences in flowering phenology were associated with seed mass and seed production differences. Seed mass appears to be related to germination characteristics but not to seedling growth nor to flowering phenology of offspring.

scholarly journals Experimental Test of the Combined Effects of Water Availability and Flowering Time on Pollinator Visitation and Seed Set

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kate Gallagher ◽  
Diane R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success

Climate change is likely to alter both flowering phenology and water availability for plants. Either of these changes alone can affect pollinator visitation and plant reproductive success. The relative impacts of phenology and water, and whether they interact in their impacts on plant reproductive success remain, however, largely unexplored. We manipulated flowering phenology and soil moisture in a factorial experiment with the subalpine perennial Mertensia ciliata (Boraginaceae). We examined responses of floral traits, floral abundance, pollinator visitation, and composition of visits by bumblebees vs. other pollinators. To determine the net effects on plant reproductive success, we also measured seed production and seed mass. Reduced water led to shorter, narrower flowers that produced less nectar. Late flowering plants produced fewer and shorter flowers. Both flowering phenology and water availability influenced pollination and reproductive success. Differences in flowering phenology had greater effects on pollinator visitation than did changes in water availability, but the reverse was true for seed production and mass, which were enhanced by greater water availability. The probability of receiving a flower visit declined over the season, coinciding with a decline in floral abundance in the arrays. Among plants receiving visits, both the visitation rate and percent of non-bumblebee visitors declined after the first week and remained low until the final week. We detected interactions of phenology and water on pollinator visitor composition, in which plants subject to drought were the only group to experience a late-season resurgence in visits by solitary bees and flies. Despite that interaction, net reproductive success measured as seed production responded additively to the two manipulations of water and phenology. Commonly observed declines in flower size and reward due to drought or shifts in phenology may not necessarily result in reduced plant reproductive success, which in M. ciliata responded more directly to water availability. The results highlight the need to go beyond studying single responses to climate changes, such as either phenology of a single species or how it experiences an abiotic factor, in order to understand how climate change may affect plant reproductive success.

How do seed and seedling traits influence germination and emergence parameters in crop species? A comparative analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Gardarin ◽  
Françoise Coste ◽  
Marie-Hélène Wagner ◽  
Carolyne Dürr
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Emergence Success

AbstractEarly plant establishment through seed germination and seedling emergence is a crucial process that determines seedling number, emergence time distribution and the early growth of seedlings, all of which are affected by soil climate and soil structure. In the current context of climate change, in which increasing the diversity of cultivated species is considered desirable, and new tillage practices are considerably modifying top-soil surface characteristics, we need to improve our ability to model the effects of the environment on plant establishment. Using a trait-based and model-based framework, we aimed to identify general relationships between seed and seedling traits (e.g. seed mass and lipid content, seedling diameter, base temperature) and germination and emergence model parameters (e.g. time to mid-germination, shoot elongation rate) measured for 18 genotypes belonging to 14 species. Relationships were also investigated among model parameters or traits. Germination rates were faster for species with a high base temperature and for species with seed reserves located principally in the embryo (rather than the endosperm or perisperm). During heterotrophic growth, maximal shoot length and elongation rate increased with seed dry mass. The sensitivity of seedlings to soil obstacles was negatively related to shoot diameter. Thus apart from the known effects of seed mass on seedling establishment, we found that seed reserve location, seedling shoot diameter and shape affected germination rate and emergence success. Such generic rules linking plant traits to germination and emergence parameters enhance our understanding of the determinants of environmental effects on plant establishment success.

Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Different Larix principis-rupprechtii Families

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1112-1116
Author(s):  
Guo Zhong Yue ◽  
Min Hua Zhao ◽  
Guo Jun Zhang ◽  
Wan Qi Wang ◽  
Jun Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Planted Forest ◽  
Basal Diameter

Phenotypic traits (thousand seed weight and plumpness, etc.), germination characteristics (germination rate and nursery germination rate, etc.), growth traits (seedling height, basal diameter, root length, etc.) and photosynthetic parameters of 8 superior families and 3 controls (seed orchard, seed production stand and planted forest) were measured and analyzed to determine the difference of seed germination and seedling growth among Larix principis-rupprechtii families. Results showed that families 7-46, 8-74 and 1-30 performed excellent in aspects of germination index, nursery germination rate, height, basal diameter and photosynthetic rate. Their membership function value was 4-5 times higher than planted forest, 35%-70% higher than the seed orchard and seed production stand.

scholarly journals Natural Fecundity and Germination Characteristics of Selected Cyclopia (Honeybush) Species: Preliminary Findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mlamuli M. Motsa ◽  
Cecilia Bester ◽  
Margaretha M. Slabbert ◽  
Mzabalazo Z. Ngwenya ◽  
Mardé Booyse
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cultivated Species

Cyclopia Vent. (honeybush) is a South African herbal tea legume endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. At present, knowledge of reproductive fitness (fecundity) between cultivated and undomesticated Cyclopia species is scant. Cultivated genotypes of C. genistoides (L.) R.Br. and C. subternata Vogel were evaluated for their potential to produce fruit and seeds in different localities spanning two years. Fecundity and germination were also determined from natural environment of each species and compared to cultivated species in order to determine the variation between species and between cultivated and non-cultivated species. Seeds collected were weighed to determined seed mass and evaluated for germination rate and cumulative germination per individual site. A fifth of flowers developing into a pod, averaged more initiated and filled seeds per pod in C. subternata than C. genistoides. Germination percentage was directly proportional to rate of germination in both species. Cyclopia subternata had a higher fecundity and germination than C. genistoides in both cultivated and natural environments. The study results assist in the further improvement of the genus through breeding new cultivars for seed with desired qualities for improving commercial characteristics; planning of seed orchards for seed production, selecting of best sites, assisting in choosing progenies for seed production and rehabilitation of degraded sites for the sustainable production of honeybush.

scholarly journals Herbicidal bioactivity of natural compounds from Lantana camara on the germination and seedling growth of Bidens pilosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Medeiros Gindri ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho ◽  
Virgilio Gavicho Uarrota ◽  
Andrey Martinez Rebelo
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
The Third ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Lantadene A ◽  
Germination And Growth

ABSTRACT Lantana camara (L.) is considered one of the main invasive plants, and the allelochemicals produced by this species can be defined as bioactive secondary metabolites that mediate chemical interactions between the plant and other organisms and, therefore, play an important role in its succession and establishment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of L. camara aqueous extracts on the germination and growth behavior of Bidens pilosa (L.) by evaluating physiological parameters (germination rate, germination speed index, seedling performance and structure and membrane integrity), as well as the extract metabolic profile. The extract reduced the germination speed index and seedling growth rate and promoted abnormalities in the geotropism and root development in both populations. The third germination phase was highly affected (more than the phases I and II). Lantadene A and B are the possible compounds conferring the herbicidal properties, and the L. camara extract has a potential to be used in the development of a new environmentally-friendly herbicide.

scholarly journals Flowering phenology and germination ability of pollens for Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kato ◽  
S. Yamaguchi ◽  
O. Chigira ◽  
N. Osaka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Flowering Initiation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A four-year investigation was conducted on the flowering phenology and germination ability of pollens from A. mangium and A. auriculiformis ramets to determine whether the flowering phenology and germination ability of pollens differed among clones or seed sources. The number of A. mangium and A. auriculiformis clones used was 19 and 23, collected from 17 and 8 seed sources, respectively. The flowering of each ramet was visually observed every three or four days for three seasons, with one season being from April to the following March, and the germination ability of pollens collected from the flowers was investigated at 1 day, 6 months, and 12 months after being stored at -18°C. The mean percentage of flowering per clone which was calculated by dividing the number of flowering ramets by the number of ramets used was low on A. mangium for each season, whereas it was more than 60% on A. auriculiformis for each season, with no significant variations among the seasons. The flowering initiation and flowering period also showed non-significant variations or differences among the seasons and among most of the clones within the seed sources. On the other hand, the percentage of flowering per clone, the flowering initiation, and the flowering period on A. auriculiformis showed significant variations and differences among the seed sources although those were similar on some seed sources. On both tree species, the germination rate of pollens per clone showed significant variations among clones, regardless of the seasons and number of days stored, and also among clones within seed sources for about half the cases. These results suggest that the flowering phenology is in some degree determined by a genetic factor such as the seed source, whereas the germination ability of pollens is mainly determined by a genetic factor in each clone.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

Are seed mass and seedling size and shape related to altitude? Evidence in Gymnocalycium monvillei (Cactaceae)

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bauk ◽  
Reyes Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Sebastián R. Zeballos ◽  
M. Laura Las Peñas ◽  
Joel Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Species Response

Several studies reported a negative relationship between altitude and seed mass. In cactus species, seed mass has been also related to seedling morphology (size and shape). Here we studied Gymnocalycium monvillei (Lem.) Pfeiff. ex Britton & Rose, a cactus species with a wide altitudinal distribution, with the main aim of analyzing how altitude affects seed mass and seedling size (height and width) and shape (globose or columnar). We collected seeds from five sites along the entire altitudinal distribution of the species in the Córdoba Mountains (sites were located between 878 and 2230 m a.s.l.), encompassing a marked climatic gradient (6 °C of mean annual temperature difference between the extreme sites). Seed mass and seedling traits were measured in the laboratory. Seedling height increased with altitude, whereas seed mass was not related to this parameter. Seedlings became more globose (reduced surface/volume ratio) with decreasing altitude. Variation in seedling shape along the altitudinal gradient may be related to the contrasting climatic conditions to which seedlings are exposed, and could account for the wide altitudinal distribution of G. monvillei. Our results highlight the importance of seedling traits in the species’ response to climatic change.

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