Protection and management of groundwater-dependent ecosystems: emerging challenges and potential approaches for policy and management

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems ◽  
Policy Shifts

The protection of ecosystems associated with groundwater, and thus potentially vulnerable to groundwater exploitation, is only now being recognised as an important aspect of water management. Although there has been a gradual increase in scientific understanding of the links between groundwater availability and ecosystem health, a significant challenge remains in the development and implementation of policy that adequately addresses the protection of groundwater-dependent ecosystems. There is no single right way to solve the problem of protecting groundwater-dependent ecosystems, while still allowing the use of groundwater to support social and economic development, poverty alleviation and improved food and water security. This paper provides a global perspective in examining the potential impacts of the lack of policy, or poor implementation of policy, related to groundwater-dependent ecosystems, and discusses emerging approaches in this field. The following two important factors are considered in the paper: first, the difficulty of managing typically local- and regional-scale problems associated with groundwater exploitation, by using national-scale policy interventions and regulation; second, the need to shorten the cycle from science to policy and regulation, and thence to management activities on the ground, in order to encourage policy shifts in the short to medium term that better reflect the available scientific knowledge of groundwater-dependent ecosystems.

Establishing a systematic regional scale identification of artificial ground in Catalan territory from geological perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Subiela ◽  
Jordi Peña ◽  
Fus Micheo ◽  
Miquel Vilà
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Natural Terrain ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>Anthropization is the transformation that human actions exert on the environment. Artificial interventions modify the morphology of the ground and affect physical and chemical properties of natural terrain. Therefore, providing information on the distribution of artificial ground throughout the territory is necessary for land management, development and sustainability. Despite the effects of anthropization, from a geological approach, the systematic characterization of anthropic ground on a regional scale is scarcely developed in Catalonia.</p><p>In the last decade, one of the lines of work of Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (the Catalan geological survey organisation) has been the development of the project Geoanthropic map of Catalonia, which incorporate information of active geological processes and artificial ground. Up to now, the activity in this project has broadly consisted of publishing several map sheets of 1:25.000 scale from different areas of Catalonia (5.000 km<sup>2</sup> from 32.108,2 km<sup>2</sup>). Recently, in the framework of this project, it is proposed to refocus with the purpose of ​​providing information on these two themes from all over the territory. In this process, in relation to artificial interventions, an analysis has been carried out to determine which anthropic terrains and related information can be obtained for its usefulness in a systematic way in the medium term.</p><p>In this analysis, firstly, the available reference information sources have been established from which information on anthropic lands in Catalonia can be extracted. Basically, these documents are topographic maps, geothematic maps, land use map, digital elevation models and other historical cartographic documents. Much of the existing information in these sources must be redirected to a more geological approach so that it can be used to address aspects related to geotechnics, natural hazards, soil pollution and other environmental concerns.</p><p>Secondly, based on data analysis, a series of certain anthropic lands have been evaluated which can be captured on a systematic identification at regional scale. Thereby, the following anthropogenic terrains have been established: built-up areas, agricultural areas, sealed ground, urban compacity, worked grounds (e.g., related to mineral excavations and transport infrastructures), engineered embankments, infilled excavations and other more singular anthropogenic deposits. Therefore, from a geological perspective, it will be feasible to identify and map these anthropic lands and provide this information throughout the Catalan territory in the medium term.</p><p>Bearing in mind all the above, the presentation will consist of this general analysis and the considerations that have been extracted regarding this. In addition, the preliminary results of the systematically characterized artificial ground will be shown.</p>

The Analysis of Conflict: A Micro-Level Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Verwimp ◽  
Patricia Justino ◽  
Tilman Brück
Keyword(s):  
Global Perspective ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Core Message ◽  
Armed Actors

This article introduces a special issue on the micro-level dynamics of mass violent conflict. While most analyses of conflict typically adopt a regional, national or global perspective, often using country-level data, this special issue takes an explicit micro-level approach, focusing on the behaviour and welfare of individuals, households and groups or communities. At a fundamental level, conflict originates from individuals' behaviour and their repeated interactions with their surroundings, in other words, from its micro-foundations. A micro-level approach advances our understanding of conflict by its ability to account for individual and group heterogeneity within one country or one conflict. The contributors to this special issue investigate the nature of violence against civilians, the agency of civilians during conflict, the strategic interaction between civilians and armed actors, the consequences of displacement, the effectiveness of coping strategies and the impact of policy interventions. The core message from these articles is that in order to understand conflict dynamics and its effects on society, we have to take seriously the incentives and constraints shaping the interaction between the civilian population and the armed actors. The kind of interaction that develops, as well as the resulting conflict dynamics, depend on the type of conflict, the type of armed actors and the characteristics of the civilian population and its institutions.

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems and the dangers of groundwater overdraft: a review and an Australian perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Nevill ◽  
Peter J. Hancock ◽  
Brad R. Murray ◽  
Winston F. Ponder ◽  
William F. Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Groundwater Overdraft ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems ◽  
Use Context

In many parts of the world, access to groundwater is needed for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses, and global groundwater exploitation continues to increase. The significance of groundwater in maintaining the health of rivers, streams, wetlands and associated vegetation is often underestimated or ignored, resulting in a lack of scrutiny of groundwater policy and management. It is essential that management of groundwater resources considers the needs of natural ecosystems, including subterranean. We review the limited Australian literature on the ecological impacts of groundwater overdraft and place Australian information within an international context, focusing on lentic, lotic, stygobitic and hyporheic communities as well as riparian and phreatophytic vegetation, and some coastal marine ecosystems. Groundwater overdraft, defined as abstracting groundwater at a rate which prejudices ecosystem or anthropocentric values, can substantially impact natural communities which depend, exclusively or seasonally, on groundwater. Overdraft damage is often underestimated, is sometimes irreversible, and may occur over time scales at variance to those used by water management agencies in modelling, planning and regulation. Given the dangers of groundwater overdraft, we discuss policy implications in the light of the precautionary principle, and make recommendations aimed at promoting the conservation of groundwater-dependent ecosystems within a sustainable use context.

scholarly journals Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (372) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Evaluation Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fiscal Transparency ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Good

This paper discusses key findings of the Fiscal Transparency Evaluation report on Guatemala. Guatemala has transparency practices that achieve the ratings of basic, good, and advanced regarding three-quarters of the principles established in the IMF’s Fiscal Transparency Code. The wealth of information available and the systems in place related to the public sector’s execution of its budget, finances, and accounts allow for easy access by the population to an impressive volume of fiscal data. However, there is much room for improvement in the area of fiscal transparency. Establishing a new fiscal pact in which the medium-term fiscal targets are defined would help create fiscal predictability and ensure that the major challenges of social and economic development are met.

scholarly journals Public Investment in Bolivia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (151) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehenew Endegnanew ◽  
Dawit Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
External Current ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current Account Deficits ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Face

Bolivia’s “Patriotic Agenda 2025” sets targets for social and economic development propelled by state-led industrialization under a five-year development plan (2016–2020). Large-scale public investment has aimed to fill infrastructure gaps and raise productivity to ensure sustained medium-term growth. Pursuit of these goals in a period of lower hydrocarbon revenues has, however, contributed to widening fiscal and external current account deficits. The paper uses a structural model to outline different scenarios for the level of public investment in the face of declining hydrocarbon revenues. It finds that if public investment is sustained at current levels as a share of GDP while hydrocarbon revenues continue to decline, the sustainability of the public debt could be called into question.

scholarly journals Consistency of Planning and Budgeting of Basic infrastructure in West Java Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Bayu Kharisma ◽  
Kodrat Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
West Java ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public Expenditure Management ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

Planning and budgeting play an essential role in achieving development goals in the national and regional scale, especially fundamental development such as infrastructure. Development planning documents through the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) approach presents the relationship between policy priorities and available budgets. The development planning document is implemented annually through the Regional Development Budget (APBD) through a Public Expenditure Management (PEM) approach. Consistency between the two documents is needed to achieve development goals. The purpose of this study is to analyze the consistency between the MTEF and PEM in the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and the realization of the APBD on basic infrastructure in West Java Province during the period 2016-2017. The research used a method of comparing programs and budgets according to the number, variance, and percentage of changes between MTEF and public budget management and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the MTEF and PEM in infrastructure in West Java were not consistent. The difference was caused by the difference in agreement; where MTEF is an agreement between the executive only and PEM is approved by the executive and legislative.   Keywords: Consistency, MTEF, PEM, planning and budgeting, infrastructure, AHP.

scholarly journals Panorama of the sustainable development civilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Antoni Skowroński
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Opening Up

The article is about the conception of sustainable development settled in the context of cultural and civilization changes. It can be taken as an alternative to further civilization development and a new panorama, opening up perspectives for the further sustainable development of civilization. The conception is a global strategy of development. It relies on the including of the natural environment into the social and economic development of a region, country or, from a global perspective, of the whole world. It assumes a long-lasting improvement of the quality of life of the present and future generations which is integrally associated with environmental improvement. It also shows the necessity of the spiritual growth and changes of the material aims of the development into immaterial ones. In all these aims and assumptions, there are a lot of practical and mental problems in the sphere of sustainable development which retard and even make it impossible to put these conceptions effectively into life.

System of Region Management: a Framework Concept

Servis plus ◽  
10.12737/3891 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Лев Сульповар ◽  
Lev Sulpovar ◽  
Татьяна Богачева ◽  
Tatyana Bogacheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Implementation Planning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
Vital Element

The article covers the issues concerning the development of a framework concept for the system of management. The authors prove that the problem of socio-economic development of a region is to be considered from the perspective of a systemic approach principles and methods, viewing regions as an integral socio-economic system, whose subsystems include the state subsystem (with regions regarded as constituent entities of the federation), municipal formations, and a range of private and legal entities. The authors identify the major objectives of region management and consider ways of aligning the social and economic development of regions by overcoming the existing inter-regional disproportions. The framework concept, as proposed by the authors, is to recognize the economic development of a region, the development of the major constituents of the regional complex, and the region´s social development. Special attention is paid to the issues of implementing the investment policy and substantiating the staged of its implementation. Planning the investment activity, involving the rationale for long-term and medium-term goals of the investment process, as well as ways to achieve the goals, is seen as a vital element of investment policy.

scholarly journals Why increased extreme precipitation under climate change negatively affects water security

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5935-5946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris P. C. Eekhout ◽  
Johannes E. Hunink ◽  
Wilco Terink ◽  
Joris de Vente
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. An increase in extreme precipitation is projected for many areas worldwide in the coming decades. To assess the impact of increased precipitation intensity on water security, we applied a regional-scale hydrological and soil erosion model, forced with regional climate model projections. We specifically considered the impact of climate change on the distribution of water between soil (green water) and surface water (blue water) compartments. We show that an increase in precipitation intensity leads to a redistribution of water within the catchment, where water storage in soil decreases and reservoir inflow increases. This affects plant water stress and the potential of rainfed versus irrigated agriculture, and increases dependency on reservoir storage, which is potentially threatened by increased soil erosion. This study demonstrates the crucial importance of accounting for the fact that increased precipitation intensity leads to water redistribution between green and blue water, increased soil erosion, and reduced water security. Ultimately, this has implications for design of climate change adaptation measures, which should aim to increase the water holding capacity of the soil (green water) and to maintain the storage capacity of reservoirs (blue water), benefiting rainfed and irrigated agriculture.

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