Achieving practical outcomes from genetic studies of rare Australian plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Hogbin ◽  
Rod Peakall ◽  
Marita A. Sydes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Study ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Management Recommendations

An increasing number of genetic studies of rare plants are motivated by the potential contribution they can make to the conservation of the species concerned. However, while these studies frequently identify conservation implications, few have demonstrated practical conservation outcomes. In this paper, we criticallyevaluate the practical outcomes of our genetic study of three endangered plant species: Haloragodendron lucasii, Zieria prostrata and Wollemia nobilis. Each genetic study provided a number of conservation implications or management recommendations for the species concerned. However, for three reasons, not all of the implications actually led to practical outcomes. First, similar recommendations were already in place. Second, management recommendations, while sound, were not relevant to the current management priorities. Third, irrespective of the genetic outcome, a given recommendation prevailed as the preferred management option. In order to achieve effective and cost-efficient recovery of threatened flora, we need to identify those cases where genetic studies are likely to produce practical outcomes for conservation management. This may best be achieved by first, assessing and critically evaluating the outcomes of genetic research already conducted, and second, evaluating the potential for practical outcomes of future research by considering the range of possible outcomes in the context of the management options available for the species.

Familial Bipolar Disorder: Preliminary Results from the Otago Familial Bipolar Genetic Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza K. Edmonds ◽  
Barbara J. Mosley ◽  
Anita J. Admiraal ◽  
Robin J. Olds ◽  
Sarah E. Romans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
First Degree Relatives

Objective: This paper outlines the methodologies used, and preliminary descriptive data collected, on a cohort of familial bipolar disorder (BPD) probands and first-degree relatives taking part in a descriptive and genetic study into familial BPD in New Zealand. Method: Fifity-five bipolar probands and 67 first-degree relatives were interviewed using the modified Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) and Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS). Data was also collated from other sources. Blood samples were taken for DNA genomic analysis. Results: New Zealand families in which BPD segregates proved willing participants in this familial based genetic research. The methodologies used were acceptable. High rates of comorbidity were found in probands (27.3% met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder/sub-threshold panic disorder; 12.7% for phobic disorder; 1.8% for obsessive-compulsive disorder; 9.1% for alcohol-related disorders and 7.3% for an eating disorder) and relatives (major depression 34.3%; panic disorder/sub-threshold panic disorder 12.0%; phobias 11.9% and alcohol-related disorders 11.9%). The polarity of index BPD illness was related to age of onset and frequency of comorbidity. Suicidal behaviour was common. Conclusions: Psychiatric genetic research in New Zealand families is highly feasible. Emerging trends in the familial transmission of BPD include high rates of comorbidity, illness patterns based on polarity of index episode and frequent suicidal behaviour. Such trends will be delineated further as numbers accrue, perhaps enabling identification of more homogenous phenotypic subgroups than currently produced by diagnostic schemes.

The Behavioural Genetics of Personality Development in Adulthood—Classic, Contemporary, and Future Trends

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Avshalom Caspi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Personality Stability

Behavioural genetic research has led to important advances in the field of personality psychology. When carried out on longitudinal data, behavioural genetic studies also offer promising ways to examine the genetic and environmental origins of personality stability and change. Here, we review the findings of longitudinal twin studies, discuss their implications for our understanding of adult personality development, and point out open questions that need to be addressed by future research. Three general conclusions stand out. First, there is a strong and relatively stable genetic foundation of individual differences in personality throughout the adult life span; second, environmental influences become more important and contribute to an increasing rank–order stability of personality traits from early to middle adulthood; and third, both genetic and nonshared environmental influences contribute to both stability and change in personality traits. Equipped with this knowledge, the most urgent tasks for the next generation of behavioural genetic studies on personality development will be to (i) identify measurable environmental factors that matter and (ii) to capture the interplay between genetic and environmental influences on personality stability and change throughout adulthood. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Characterization and Development of Genomic SSRs in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengcai Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Yao ◽  
Huadong Ren ◽  
Jun Chang ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Study ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
New Development ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Simple Sequence

Research Highlights: The distribution of simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs in two draft genomes of pecan was evaluated. Sixty-six SSR loci were validated by PCR amplification in pecan. Twenty-two new development markers can be used for genetic study in genus Carya. Background and Objectives: Pecan has good nutritional and health benefits and is an important crop worldwide. However, the genetic research in this species is insufficient. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of enough accurate, convenient, and economical molecular markers. Among different marker types, SSR loci are enormously useful in genetic studies. However, the number of SSRs in C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch is limited. Materials and Methods: The distribution of SSR motifs in the pecan genome was analyzed. Then, the primers for each SSR were designed. To evaluate their availability, 74 SSR loci were randomly selected and amplified in pecan. Finally, 22 new SSRs and eight former ones were picked to evaluate the genetic diversity in 60 pecan genotypes and to determine their transferability in other Carya species. Results: 145,714 and 143,041 SSR motifs were obtained from two draft genomes of ‘87MX3-2’ and ‘Pawnee’, respectively. In total, 9145 candidate primers were obtained. Sixty-six (89.19%) primers amplified the target products. Among the 30 SSRs, 29 loci showed polymorphism in 60 pecan genotypes. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.012 to 0.906. In total, 26, 25, and 22 SSRs can be used in C. cathayensis Sarg., C. dabieshanensis W. C. Cheng & R. H. Chang, and C. hunanensis W.C. Liu, respectively. Finally, the dendrogram of all individuals was constructed. The results agree with the geographic origin of the four species and the pedigree relationships between different pecan cultivars. Conclusions: The characterization of SSRs in the pecan genome and the new SSRs will promote the progress of genetic study and breeding in pecan, as well as other species of genus Carya.

Genetic Contributions to Loneliness and Their Relevance to the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. M. Spithoven ◽  
S. Cacioppo ◽  
L. Goossens ◽  
J. T. Cacioppo
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Many ◽  
Genetic Contributions ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Loneliness is a negative and distressing emotional state that arises from a discrepancy between one’s desired and achieved levels of social connectedness. The evolutionary theory of loneliness (ETL) posits that experiencing loneliness is an inherited adaptation that signals that salutary social relations are endangered or damaged and prompts people to reconnect to significant others. The basic tenets of the ETL has led researchers to examine the genetic underpinnings of loneliness. The current review provides an updated overview of genetic studies on loneliness and discusses the importance of genetic research for the ETL. The most recent studies suggest that the many genes that contribute to a small degree to differences in loneliness partially overlap with genes that contribute to neuroticism, but not with depression. In addition, the genetic studies discussed in this review show that genes are unlikely to have a direct effect on loneliness. Instead, environmental factors determine in a dynamic fashion how genes that contribute to loneliness are expressed. Future research on epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, can further elucidate the dynamic interplay between genes and the environment and how this interplay contributes to loneliness.

scholarly journals Combined genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses provide insights into chayote (Sechium edule) evolution and fruit development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhen Fu ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Jianlou Mu ◽  
Lili Ma ◽  
Changlong Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Third Generation Sequencing ◽  
Sechium Edule ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Cucurbitaceae Family

AbstractChayote (Sechium edule) is an agricultural crop in the Cucurbitaceae family that is rich in bioactive components. To enhance genetic research on chayote, we used Nanopore third-generation sequencing combined with Hi–C data to assemble a draft chayote genome. A chromosome-level assembly anchored on 14 chromosomes (N50 contig and scaffold sizes of 8.40 and 46.56 Mb, respectively) estimated the genome size as 606.42 Mb, which is large for the Cucurbitaceae, with 65.94% (401.08 Mb) of the genome comprising repetitive sequences; 28,237 protein-coding genes were predicted. Comparative genome analysis indicated that chayote and snake gourd diverged from sponge gourd and that a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event occurred in chayote at 25 ± 4 Mya. Transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed genes involved in fruit texture, pigment, flavor, flavonoids, antioxidants, and plant hormones during chayote fruit development. The analysis of the genome, transcriptome, and metabolome provides insights into chayote evolution and lays the groundwork for future research on fruit and tuber development and genetic improvements in chayote.

scholarly journals Phony peach disease: past and present impact on the peach industry in the southeastern U.S.A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall A. Johnson ◽  
Clive H. Bock ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Phony peach disease (PPD) is caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (Xfm). Historically, the disease has caused severe yield loss in Georgia and elsewhere in the southeastern United States, with millions of PPD trees being removed from peach orchards over the last century. The disease remains a production constraint, and management options are few. Limited research has been conducted on PPD since the 1980s, but the advent of new technologies offers the opportunity for new, foundational research to form a basis for informed management of PPD in the U.S. Furthermore, considering the global threat of Xylella to many plant species, preventing import of Xfm to other regions, particularly where peach is grown, should be considered an important phytosanitary endeavor. Main topics We review PPD, its history and impact on peach production, and the eradication efforts that were conducted for 42 years. Additionally, we review the current knowledge of the pathogen, Xfm, and how that knowledge relates to our understanding of the peach—Xylella pathosystem, including the epidemiology of the disease and consideration of the vectors. Methods used to detect the pathogen in peach are discussed, and ramifications of detection in relation to management and control of PPD are considered. Control options for PPD are limited. Our current knowledge of the pathogen diversity and disease epidemiology are described, and based on this, some potential areas for future research are also considered. Conclusion There is a lack of recent foundational research on PPD and the associated strain of Xfm. More research is needed to reduce the impact of this pathogen on peach production in the southeastern U.S., and, should it spread internationally, wherever peaches are grown.

GENETIC STUDY OF RDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Joanna Floros
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Study ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Familial Tendency ◽  
Surfactant Protein Genes ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

Blood specimens are needed for genetic studies of the surfactant protein genes. We would like to receive specimens from prematurely born infants with and without RDS. We are particularly interested in specimens from families that exhibit familial tendency for RDS and specimens from twin or multiple births with and without RDS.

Cost-efficient selection of a marker panel in genetic studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie S. Sanderlin ◽  
Nicole Lazar ◽  
Michael J. Conroy ◽  
Jaxk Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Marker Panel ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals The role of genetic research with family design in the study of affective disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
E. D. Kasyanov ◽  
G. E. Maso ◽  
A. O. Kibitov
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polygenic Diseases ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Affective disorders (recurrent depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder) are multifactorial and polygenic diseases, which suggests the involvement of multiple neurobiological mechanisms. The phenotype of affective disorders is a heterogeneous group of clinically similar psychopathological symptoms, which also makes it difficult to detect potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. To study families at high risk of developing affective disorders using both clinical and molecular genetic approaches can help to study the neurobiological basis of depressive conditions, as well as to identify endophenotypes of affective disorders. The most important criterion for an endophenotype is its heritability, which can be proved only within the framework of the family design of the study. Comprehensive clinical and molecular genetic studies based on family design have the best prospects.

scholarly journals Qanuq ukua kanguit sunialiqpitigu? (What should we do with all of these geese?) Collaborative research to support wildlife co-management and Inuit self-determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique A. Henri ◽  
Natalie A. Carter ◽  
Aupaa Irkok ◽  
Shelton Nipisar ◽  
Lenny Emiktaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Chen Caerulescens ◽  
Chen Rossii ◽  
Inuit Knowledge ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Participatory Research Methods

Inuit living in Nunavut have harvested light geese and lived near goose colonies for generations. Inuit knowledge includes important information about light goose ecology and management that can inform co-management and enhance scientific research and monitoring. Since the 1970s, populations of light geese (Snow and Ross’ Geese; kanguit and kangunnait in Inuktut; Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chen rossii (Cassin, 1861)) have experienced significant increases in abundance which led to habitat alteration in some portions of the central and eastern Canadian Arctic. In response to concerns expressed by Inuit and wildlife managers about light goose abundance, we conducted a collaborative research project in Arviat and Salliq (Coral Harbour), Nunavut, aiming to mobilize and document Inuit knowledge about light goose ecology and management in the Kivalliq region. Here, we explore the potential of collaborative research for mobilizing Inuit knowledge to support informed and inclusive decision-making about wildlife resources. First, we describe the participatory research methods employed to explore Inuit-identified management recommendations for light geese and engage co-management partners and research contributors to explore select management options. Then, we present these light goose management recommendations and options. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and challenges around the use of collaborative research to support wildlife co-management and Inuit self-determination. Inuit nunaqaqtut Nunavuumi angunasuksimalirmata kanguqpangnik kangurniglu nunaqarvingita sanianni araagunik unuqtunnik. Inuit qaujimaningat ilaqaqpuq aturnilingnik kanguit niqinginnik mianirijauninginniklu tusaumatitaulutik qaujisarningit mianiriyaunigillu. Taimangat 1970s atuqtilugit, kanguit unirningit (kanguit amma kanguaryuit Inuktut; Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) amma Chen rossii (Cassin, 1861)) ayunganaqtukut pisimangmata unulialiqlutik amma niqiqatiarungnauqlutik Kanataup uqiuktaqtunngani. Tamana piblugu Inuit uumayuliriyillu isumaalulirmata kanguit unulualirninginnik, taima qaujisarnirmik pigialauqpugut Arvianni and Sallim (Coral Harbour), Nunavuumi, aulataulutik amma qaujisagaulutik Inuit kaujimajagit kangurnik Kivallirmi. Tavani atuqtuuluaqtunik qaujisarnirmut mianiqsinirmullu pitaqaqpuq Inuit nagminiq isumaliurlutik nirjutinut atugaksanullu. Sivullirmik, qaujisarniup qanuinninga isumagilugu kanguit mianirijauninginut. Amma suli, uqausirilirlugu kanguit mianirijauningat atugaujuuluaqtullu. Kingulirmik, uqausirilugu atuinnaujut amma ajurutaujut qaujisarniup iluanni nirjutinik amma Inuit nagminiq aulatuulualirninginnik.

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