Relationship between growth rate and the development of hollow stem in broccoli

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boersma ◽  
A. J. Gracie ◽  
P. H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Possible Cause

Boron deficiency is widely accepted as the dominant cause of hollow stem in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck), although high growth rate has also been mentioned in the literature as a possible cause of the disorder. In this study, we investigated the role of growth rate and boron in the development of hollow stem. Two experiments were conducted with broccoli cv. Marathon, using planting density to manipulate growth rate. In the first experiment, plants were grown at 3 planting densities (19 512, 32 520, and 69 686 plants/ha) and either supplemented or not supplemented with foliar boron applications (0.35 kg B/ha) on two occasions. In the second experiment, broccoli plants at 2 planting densities (32 520 and 100 000 plants/ha) were treated in factorial combination from inflorescence initiation onwards with complete trace element fertiliser (1.5% B), 57% light interception, and paclobutrazol (480 g a.i./ha). The incidence and severity of hollow stem were assessed using digital image analysis and were found to increase with plant spacing but were not affected by boron application. The probability of hollow stem occurring increased with absolute growth rate in the first trial, but not the second. Absolute growth rate, measured as dry weight accumulation, was suppressed independently of planting density by the shading treatment, but did not influence the incidence or severity of hollow stem. The application of paclobutrazol did not influence absolute growth rate but reduced the severity of hollow stem at the lowest planting density. Our data support the hypothesis that the rate and pattern of growth are involved in the development of hollow stem, and that a boron deficiency is not the major causal factor.

Testing of experimental feed for young Australian red-clawed crayfish that meets its nutritional needs

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Bibigul Makhabbatovna Ankesheva ◽  
Irina Nikolaevna Bedritskaya ◽  
Olga Viktorovna Pyatikopova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Juvenile Sturgeon ◽  
Nutritional Needs

One of the relatively promising types of world aquaculture is the Australian redclawed crayfish, which is one of the relatively promising objects in warm-water aquaculture. Compared to other farmed crustaceans (shrimps, crabs), Australian crayfish is characterized by a high growth rate and unpretentiousness to the conditions of aging. In the process of cultivation of red-clawed crayfish, industrial granulated feeds developed for other types of hydrobionts (shrimps, fish) are currently used. In the presence of biotechnological standards for growing juveniles and commercial products of red-clawed crayfish, the question remains open about the lack of production of balanced specialized feeds for them. The purpose of this work was to test an experimental feed developed according to its own recipe for young Australian red-clawed crayfish. The main stages of the technology of preparation of the above feed are described. The experimental feed was compared with production dry feed according to the main parameters (qualitative composition, nutritional value, consumer characteristics). Taking into account the nutritional needs of crayfish in the main nutrients (protein, fat, fiber), three types of food were selected: for loricarium catfish, for juvenile sturgeon and experimental. In accordance with them, three variants of the experiment were laid down, where the conditions of maintenance (planting density, temperature and light modes, feeding frequency) were identical, except for differences in the type of feed. During the experiment, the main differences in the size and weight parameters of groups of juvenile Australian crayfish cultured using these feeds were revealed. The necessary conditions for keeping crustaceans in the laboratory and the scheme of their control are described.

The Role of Chlorine during High Growth Rate Epitaxy

2015 ◽  
Vol 821-823 ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Karhu ◽  
Ian Booker ◽  
Jawad ul Hassan ◽  
Ivan Ivanov ◽  
Erik Janzén
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Charge Carrier ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Carrier Lifetime ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Charge Carrier Lifetime

The influence of chlorine has been investigated for high growth rates of 4H-SiC epilayers on 4o off-cut substrates. Samples were grown at a growth rate of approximately 50 and 100 μm/h and various Cl/Si ratios. The growth rate, net doping concentration and charge carrier lifetime have been studied as a function of Cl/Si ratio. This study shows some indications that a high Cl concentration in the growth cell leads to less availability of Si during the growth process.

scholarly journals Role of arrowworm Sagitta elegans (Chaetognatha) in plankton communities of the western Bering Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-439
Author(s):  
E. P. Dulepova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Western Bering Sea ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Arrowworm Saggita elegans is one of the important and abundant species in zooplankton communities of the western Bering Sea. Interannual variability of their biomass is considered on the data of long-term surveys conducted in 1986–2018, the species production is determined for the Anadyr-Navarin region and deep-water basin in 2008–2018, and the total production of zooplankton communities is calculated for 2008, 2015, and 2018. In the modern period, the biomass of S. elegans has significantly decreased compared to 1990–2000s, with exception of the shallow areas where it is relatively stable. The last decade included two periods with different oceanographic regime: the cold years (2007–2013) and the warm ones (2014–2018), but S. elegans did not demonstrate rapid response to such change of abiotic factors. However, the water circulation patterns in the upper layer were important for them and determined their transport and accumulation. For example, the high abundance and production of arrowworms in the deep-water area in 2008 and in the Anadyr-Navarin region in 2011 were conditioned by their transport and accumulation in these areas. S. elegans are predators, preying mainly upon copepods, so their impact on structure and production of zooplankton community is determined by significant grazing estimated at 50–100 % of Copepoda production or even more. The total production of zooplankton communities was higher in «warm» 2015 and 2018 than in «cold» 2008. The arrowworm production decreased in these warm years but production of non-predatory species (basically small- and medium-sized copepods) increased sharply because of their rapid response to temperature changes realized in high growth rate under higher temperature. Thus, the role of S. elegans in formation of the community production becomes lower in conditions favorable for high growth rate of non-predatory species.

scholarly journals Growth, biomass and lipid productivity of a newly isolated tropical marine diatom, Skeletonema sp. UHO29, under different light intensities

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrayani Indrayani ◽  
Haslianti Haslianti ◽  
Asmariani Asmariani ◽  
Wellem Muskita ◽  
Abdul Muis Balubi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Light Intensities

Abstract. Indrayani I, Haslianti H, Asmariani A, Muskita WH, Balubi M. 2020. Growth, biomass and lipid productivity of a newly isolated tropical marine diatom, Skeletonema sp. UHO29, under different light intensities. Biodiversitas 21: 1498-1503. Light is one of the important factors affecting growth and biochemical composition of microalgae. The aim of this study was to determine growth, biomass and lipid productivity of a newly isolated marine diatom, Skeletonema sp.UHO29 under different light intensities. The Skeletonema sp. was cultured in 300 mL conical flasks containing 150 mL of f/2 medium under three different light intensities (28, 60 and 110 μmol photons m-2 s-1 ) with three replications. The cultures were incubated under ambient room temperatures, and a cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours dark, in batch modes for two weeks. The results showed that the highest specific growth rate (0.56 d-1) was achieved at the highest light intensity (110 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and the lowest (0.11 d-1) was obtained at the lowest light intensity (28 μmol photons m-2 s-1). The highest biomass yield (0.62 g L-1) and biomass productivity (0.34 g L-1 d-1) was achieved at the highest light intensity. However, the highest lipid yield (0.175 g L-1), lipid content (28.78% ash-free dry weight) and lipid productivity (0.067 g L-1 d-1) were achieved at medium light intensity. The alga prefers high light intensity for higher growth rate and biomass productivity but it produces more lipids at medium light intensity. This study indicated that the Skeletonema sp.UHO29 is a potential species for outdoor mass cultivation and is a promising microalgal strain for use as a biodiesel feedstock due to its high growth rate, high biomass and lipid productivity.

THE RATE OF DRY WEIGHT ACCUMULATION IN MARQUIS WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 939-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend ◽  
V. A. Helson ◽  
J. E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean

Plants were grown to the stage of anthesis at constant temperatures from 10 to 30 °C and under continuous illumination at intensities ranging from 200 to 2500 ft-c. The absolute growth rate was maximal at the time of ear emergence. The relative growth rate declined continuously with time; the rate of decline was greatest at the higher temperatures and light intensities. The optimal temperature for the mean absolute growth rate over the whole growth period was 20–25 °C. The optimum for the mean relative growth rate was 15–20 °C. This difference is attributed to the faster rate of floral development at high temperatures. Both absolute and relative growth rates increased with increasing light intensity up to 2500 ft-c.

The Job Of Microfinance For The Advancement Of Self Help Groups In India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Dr.R. Murugesan ◽  
M. Leelavathi ◽  
Dr. K. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Positive Step ◽  
Food Consumed

towards jumping from the category of developing economy to developed economy there is one big factor that stops and poses a hindrance in its path of advancement and that obstacle is termed as Poverty. The Indian economic policy focuses on a high growth rate along with a equal participation of the poor so that they avail the opportunities available in the market economy. And in order to ensure the participation of the poor it has become important for the country to create a platform where the poor can easily access the various financial products. Microfinance is one such strategy for inclusive growth. Microfinance can change the life of the poor though not completely but a reasonable change can be ensured. In different phases of life women play a crucial role despite the discrimination that is faced by them. But equality can be endowed to women by enhancing the entrepreneurial skills in them. This is possible through Self Help Groups (SHGs). In India women produce around 30% of the total food consumed but she gets only 10% of the property or wealth of the country. Development of women is inevitable for the development and growth of any economy. SHGs happen to be a positive step in this direction. Along with these mediums there should be a cheap and easy source of credit for them and Microfinance fulfills the requirement. This study aims to find the role of this strong medium of Microfinance in the advancement of SHGs in India

Exploring SiC Growth Limitation of Vapor-Liquid-Solid Mechanism when Using Two Different Carbon Precursors

2013 ◽  
Vol 740-742 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Kassem Alassaad ◽  
François Cauwet ◽  
Davy Carole ◽  
Véronique Soulière ◽  
Gabriel Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Carbon Precursor ◽  
Growth Limitation ◽  
Vapor Liquid Solid ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Vapor Liquid Solid Mechanism ◽  
Vls Growth ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Abstract. In this paper, conditions for obtaining high growth rate during epitaxial growth of SiC by vapor-liquid-solid mechanism are investigated. The alloys studied were Ge-Si, Al-Si and Al-Ge-Si with various compositions. Temperature was varied between 1100 and 1300°C and the carbon precursor was either propane or methane. The variation of layers thickness was studied at low and high precursor partial pressure. It was found that growth rates obtained with both methane and propane are rather similar at low precursor partial pressures. However, when using Ge based melts, the use of high propane flux leads to the formation of a SiC crust on top of the liquid, which limits the growth by VLS. But when methane is used, even at extremely high flux (up to 100 sccm), no crust could be detected on top of the liquid while the deposit thickness was still rather small (between 1.12 μm and 1.30 μm). When using Al-Si alloys, no crust was also observed under 100 sccm methane but the thickness was as high as 11.5 µm after 30 min growth. It is proposed that the upper limitation of VLS growth rate depends mainly on C solubility of the liquid phase.

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