Stability and viability of novel perennial ryegrass host–Neotyphodium endophyte associations

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tian ◽  
T.-N. Le ◽  
K. F. Smith ◽  
J. W. Forster ◽  
K. M. Guthridge ◽  
...  

The temperate pasture grass Lolium perenne L. is commonly found in association with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii. Viability of both seed and endophyte was evaluated by inoculation of individual genotypes from the host cultivar Bronsyn with six distinct endophyte strains. The resulting populations were subjected to either long-term storage under various temperature conditions, or accelerated ageing (AA) treatments. High temperature storage was detrimental to endophyte viability. The AA variables (relative humidity [RH] and time) and subsequent temperature and duration of storage significantly (P < 0.05) affected both seed germination and endophyte viability. Significant interaction effects between the AA treatment and storage conditions were also observed. Endophyte viability following AA treatment was inversely correlated with both increasing RH and duration of treatment. Differential responses between different endophytes within the Bronsyn host were also apparent. The standard endophyte (SE) strain and the novel endophytes AR1 and AR37 exhibited higher viability than NEA2, NEA3, and NEA6 during seed storage, suggesting the importance of identification and selection for compatible symbiotic associations in agronomic varieties. The observed similarity between assessments of endophyte viability after AA treatments and following long-term storage confirmed the capacity of moderate conditions (e.g. 80% RH for 7 days or 100% RH for 4 days) to predict variation in viability between different endophyte strains.

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidong Yue ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Shaochun Xu ◽  
Shuai Xu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Seagrass meadows are recognized as critical and among the most vulnerable habitats on the planet. The alarming rates of decline in seagrass meadows have attracted the attention globally. There is an urgent need to develop techniques to restore and preserve these vital coastal ecosystems. So far little work has been done to develop effective long-term storage method for seagrass seeds. The seagrass Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn is an endangered species in its native range. Here we utilized combinations of different storage times, salinities, and temperature to determine the most appropriate conditions for optimal seed storage. Results Zostera japonica seeds were strongly desiccation sensitive, with a complete loss of viability after 24 h of desiccation. Therefore, long periods of exposure to air should be avoided to minimize seed mortality. In addition, Z. japonica seeds could not endure freezing conditions such as – 5 °C. However, our results indicated that reduced storage temperature to 0 °C could effectively prolong the duration of dormancy of Z. japonica seeds. Seeds stored at 0 °C under a salinity of 40–60 psu showed relatively low seed loss, high seed vigor and fast seed germination, suggesting these to be optimal seed storage conditions. For example, after storage for 540 days (ca. 600 days since the seed collection from reproductive shoots in early October, 2016) at 0 °C under a salinity of 50 psu, seeds still had a considerable vigor, i.e. 57.8 ± 16.8%. Conclusion Our experiments demonstrated that seeds stored at 0 °C under a salinity of 40–60 psu could effectively prolong the duration of dormancy of Z. japonica seeds. The proposed technique is a simple and effective long-term storage method for Z. japonica seeds, which can then be used to aid future conservation, restoration and management of these sensitive and ecologically important habitat formers. The findings may also serve as useful reference for seed storage of other threatened seagrass species and facilitate their ex situ conservation and habitat restoration.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. De Clercq ◽  
G. Vlaemynck ◽  
E. Van Pamel ◽  
D. Colman ◽  
M. Heyndrickx ◽  
...  

Penicillium expansum is the principal cause of blue mould rot and associated production of patulin, a weak mycotoxin, in apples worldwide. P. expansum growth and patulin production is observed during improper or long-term storage of apples. We have investigated the extent to which each successive step during long-term storage contributes to patulin production in various P. expansum isolates. Fungal isolates collected on apples from several Belgian orchards/industries were identified to species level. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and β-tubulin gene sequencing identified P. expansum and Penicillium solitum as the most prevalent Penicillium species associated with Belgian apples. All 27 P. expansum isolates and eight reference strains were characterised for their patulin production capacity on apple puree agar medium for five days under classical constant temperature and atmosphere conditions. Under these conditions, a large range of patulin production levels was observed. Based on this phenotypic diversity, five P. expansum isolates and one reference strain were selected for in vitro investigation of patulin production under representative conditions in each step of long-term apple storage. Patulin accumulation seemed highly strain dependent and no significant differences between the storage steps were observed. The results also indicated that a high spore inoculum may lead to a strong patulin accumulation even at cold temperatures (1 °C) combined with controlled atmosphere (CA) (3% O2, 1% CO2), suggesting that future control strategies may benefit from considering the duration of storage under CA conditions as well as duration of deck storage.


HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Carpenter ◽  
Joseph F. Boucher

Delphinium seed germination was about equal in light or darkness. Seed total germination percentages were highest and about equal at constant 15 or 20C and alternating (12 h) 10/20C, 15/25C, or 20/30C. The most rapid and uniform germination generally occurred at constant 20C. Storing seeds dry at 2C for 3 weeks before germination reduced the days to 50% of final germination (T50) and between 10% and 90% germination (T90 - T10) but did not increase total germination. The seeds had only limited desiccation tolerance, with `Magic Fountains Lavender' having declining germination percentages at moisture contents below 7.0% and `Magic Fountains Lilac' below 6.7%. Seeds tolerated storage at low, nonfreezing or subzero temperatures, but cultivar responses differed. `Magic Fountains Lavendar' had progressively lower germination percentages as storage temperatures declined from 5 to –20C, while `Magic Fountains Lilac' germination increased. The relative humidity (RH) and temperature that delphinium seed received during long-term storage influenced germination. Germination after seed storage at 5C was higher, earlier, and more uniform than after 15 or 25C storage. The highest total germination percentages occurred following seed storage at 5C and 30% to 50% RH, the shortest T50 from 35% to 55% RH, and shortest spans (T90 - T10) from 25% to 50% RH.


Author(s):  
Hayati Akman

This study targeted to elucidate the effect of seed aging on germination and emergence rates with and shoot characteristics in wheat cultivars. For this purpose, different bread wheat cultivars stored for 7 years and non-stored were compared for coleoptile length, root mass, shoot mass, root length as well as germination and seedling emergence rates. Here, the evidence suggested that seed storage over a prolonged period affected root and Shoot growth, coleoptile length, seed germination, and seedling emergence rates adversely. By linking germination and emergence rates, the data presented here indicated that a reduction in emergence rate in long-term storage was higher than that in the germination rate. It was also found that there were significant variations among the wheat cultivars about investigated traits during long-term storage. However, the emergence rates of Kate A1 and Flamura 85 were not affected substantially by long-term storage. The study suggested future studies to focus on clarification of the process controlling natural seed aging as such knowledge allows clue the eventual consequences of long-term storage.


2020 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
В.Д. Богданова ◽  
М.В. Воробьев

Площади под свеклой в Российской Федерации колеблются в пределах 65-68 тыс. га, что составляет 7% от общей площади, занятой овощными культурами. Вопросы, связанные с продолжительностью хранения и периодического воспроизведения на всхожесть семян остаются актуальными. В работе исследованы изменения таких важнейших посевных качеств, как энергия прорастания и всхожесть семян столовой свеклы на примере сорта Двусемянная ТСХА после различных сроков хранения. Благодаря селекционной работе можно значительно увеличить сроки хозяйственной годности семян и продолжительность их биологической жизнеспособности. Цель исследований: оценка влияния сроков хранения семян столовой свеклы сорта Двусемянная ТСХА на их посевные качества (всхожесть и энергия прорастания). Для этого определяли всхожесть и энергию прорастания семян столовой свеклы различных семей сорта Двусемянная ТСХА в условиях длительного хранения, изучили полевую всхожесть семян в условиях длительного хранения, установили оптимальные сроки хранения. Полевая всхожесть отдельных семей существенно отличалась. В некоторых случаях, особенно после продолжительного хранения, разница достигала 70%. Наглядно показано, что энергия прорастания и всхожесть семян слабо изменяются в течение четырех лет при отсутствии различных обработок. Выявлено влияние погодных условий в год выращивания семян и генотипических различий семей, что рекомендуется учитывать в селекции и при производстве элитных семян. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о высокой биологической долговечности семян свеклы (более 16 лет), даже при хранении в комнатных условиях. Это важно при репродукции, так как в результате потепления климата изменяется направленность отбора в сторону более позднеспелых форм, менее перерастающих и устойчивых к растрескиванию и деформации корнеплодов. Высокое качество семенного материала культурных растений зависит от условий формирования семян. The area under red beet in the Russian Federation ranges from 65-68 thousand ha, which is 7% of the total area occupied by vegetables. Questions related to the duration of storage and periodic reproduction for seed germination are relevant. The work investigated the changes in such important sowing qualities as the germination energy and germination of red beet seeds using the example of the Dvusemyannaya TSKHA variety, after different storage periods. Thanks to the conduct of breeding work, it is possible to significantly increase the terms of economic shelf life of seeds and the duration of their biological viability. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the shelf life of seeds of red beet variety Dvusemyannaya TSKHA on their sowing qualities (germination and germination energy). To do this, we determined the germination and germination energy of seeds of red beet from different families of the variety Dvusemyannaya TSKHA under conditions of long-term storage, studied the field germination of seeds under conditions of long-term storage, and established the optimal storage periods. Field germination of individual families differed significantly. In some cases, especially as a result of long-term storage, the difference reached 70%. It is clearly shown that the energy of germination and germination of seeds change little over four years in the absence of various treatments. The influence of weather conditions in the year of seed cultivation and genotypic differences of families was revealed. It is recommended to take these factors into account in breeding and in the production of elite seeds. The research results presented by the author indicate a high biological longevity of beet seeds, even when stored in room conditions, which is more than 16 years. This is important for reproduction, since because of climate warming, the direction of selection changes towards later-maturing forms that are less outgrowing and resistant to cracking and deformation of root crops. The high quality of the seed material of cultivated plants depends on the conditions of seed formation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Davies ◽  
Alice R. Hudson ◽  
John B. Dickie ◽  
Charlotte Cook ◽  
Tom O'Hara ◽  
...  

AbstractUK trees require increased conservation efforts due to sparse and fragmented populations. Ex situ conservation, including seed banking, can be used to better manage these issues. We conducted accelerated ageing tests on seeds of 22 UK native woody species, in order to assess their likely longevity and optimize their conservation in a seed bank. Germination at four ageing time points was determined to construct survival curves, and it was concluded that multiple samples within a species showed comparable responses for most species tested, except for Fraxinus excelsior. Of all species studied, one could be classified as very short-lived, four as short-lived and 17 as medium, with none exceeding the medium category. The most important finding of this manuscript is that although some taxonomic trends were observed, the results indicate the need for caution when making broad conclusions on potential seed storage life at a species, genus or family level. Longevity predictions were compared to actual performance of older collections held in long-term storage at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew. Although most collections remain high in viability in storage after more than 20 years, for short-lived species at least, there is some indication that accelerated ageing predicts longevity in seed bank conditions. For species with reduced potential longevity, such as Fagus sylvatica and Ulmus glabra, additional storage options are recommended for long-term gene banking.


Author(s):  
Joe Iraci

AbstractA considerable amount of uncertainty exists with respect to the lifetimes of optical disc media. In reports found in the literature, longevity for some discs is stated as less than five years, but for others, it can exceed one hundred years. The variability in the lifetime values has created a general distrust for optical discs as a reliable short or long-term storage option for information. This study was undertaken to provide some clarification about the uncertainty surrounding optical disc longevity. Using the European Computer Manufacturers Association standard ECMA-396, a recordable CD and a recordable DVD were subjected to a variety of elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions over several months. Eyring and Arrhenius predictive methods allowed longevity estimations to be made. It was found that the Arrhenius method produced realistic lifetime predictions for the recordable CD, but neither method produced reasonable figures for the recordable DVD. In addition, an analysis of naturally aged optical discs (up to seventeen years old) provided valuable data on disc lifetimes. This data also helped to validate the Arrhenius results for the recordable CD tested, but contradicted the long and unreasonable lifetime values predicted for the recordable DVD.


Author(s):  
Joe Iraci

Abstract Flash storage media such as memory cards and USB flash drives are now commonly used to transfer and store information. However, little is known about the long-term stability of this type of media and this is a concern for archives and other institutions as they begin to receive content stored on these devices. In this study, the stabilities of a variety of different flash media were examined. The evaluation was performed by using accelerated ageing at 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity (RH) and 125 °C for ageing intervals up to 2000 hours. Measurements were also performed on samples previously subjected to accelerated ageing and then naturally aged for five years to verify the results from the accelerated ageing experiments. Overall, the stability of flash media was very good. For many of the samples, no read errors were encountered after accelerated or natural ageing. However, for several of the high capacity flash card samples and USB flash drives, significant decreases in read speed were noted. This can be problematic because it will eventually lead to read errors. It was established that for the USB samples this instability was likely attributed to the use of the less stable TLC (triple-level cell) memory chip.


Author(s):  
Joe Iraci

Abstract The most recent generation of optical disc media available is the Blu-ray format. Blu-rays offer significantly more storage capacity than compact discs (CDs) and digital versatile discs (DVDs) and thus are an attractive option for the storage of large image or audio and video files. However, uncertainty exists on the stability and longevity of Blu-ray discs and the literature does not contain much information on these topics. In this study, the stabilities of Blu-ray formats such as read-only movie discs as well as many different brands of recordable and erasable media were evaluated. Testing involved the exposure of samples to conditions of 80 °C and 85 % relative humidity for intervals up to 84 days. Overall, the stability of the Blu-ray formats was poor with many discs significantly degraded after only 21 days of accelerated ageing. In addition to large increases in error rates, many discs showed easily identifiable visible degradation in several different forms. In a comparison with other optical disc formats examined previously, Blu-ray stability ranked very low. Other data from the study indicated that recording Blu-ray media with low initial error rates is challenging for some brands at this time, which is a factor that ultimately affects longevity.


Author(s):  
О.К. НИКУЛИНА ◽  
Л.И. ЧЕРНЯВСКАЯ

Необходимость длительного хранения большого количества сахарной свеклы на сахарных предприятиях приводит к высоким потерям свекломассы и сахара, а также к снижению технологических качеств сырья. Для снижения потерь сырья при хранении широкое распространение получили химические способы защиты, для оценки эффективности которых не выработано единого комплексного критерия. С целью разработки такого критерия исследована эффективность влияния обработки биологически активными препаратами Гембар, Полидез Плюс и КСД-2 на сохранность сахарсодержащего сырья. Для исследований использовали корнеплоды сахарной свеклы, выращенной в Республике Беларусь, хорошего технологического качества, которые обрабатывали одним из препаратов – КСД-2 концентрацией 5%, Гембар и Полидез Плюс концентрацией 0,15% при расходе 2 дм3 рабочего раствора на 1 т свеклы – и закладывали на краткосрочное, среднесрочное или длительное хранение в производственном кагате. Исследования фитопатологических показателей обработанных препаратами образцов корнеплодов и контрольных – необработанных корнеплодов и расчет потери массы и сахарозы после различной продолжительности хранения проводили в течение двух производственных сезонов. Установлено, что обработка позволяет снизить содержание гнилой массы и массу ростков соответственно на 73–100% и 81% при обработке препаратом Гембар, на 40–42% и 54% при обработке Полидезом Плюс, на 87–100% и 90–92% при обработке КСД-2; уменьшить потери массы свеклы и среднесуточные потери сахарозы соответственно на 6–46% и 22,2–53,3% при обработке препаратом Гембар, на 6–77% и 5,6–29,4% при обработке Полидез Плюс, на 19–76% и 33,3–69,2% при обработке КСД-2 в зависимости от продолжительности хранения и производственного сезона. Также установлено, что в контрольном образце содержание сахарозы в зависимости от продолжительности хранения снижалось, % к массе свеклы, на 0,19 при краткосрочном хранении, на 0,48 при среднесрочном и на 0,83 при длительном хранении, но после обработки препаратом КСД-2 образцы корнеплодов потеряли соответственно 0,05; 0,19 и 0,47% сахарозы к массе свеклы, что в 3,8; 2,5 и 1,8 раза меньше по сравнению с контролем. На основе результатов исследований для оценки эффективности влияния применяемого препарата на снижение деградации сахарной свеклы при различной продолжительности хранения (сохранность технологических качеств) предложено использование двух комплексных показателей – индекса технологического качества сахарной свеклы и индекса сохранности сахарной свеклы. По разработанным формулам комплексных показателей рассчитаны индексы сохранности сахарной свеклы для исследованных вариантов хранения. The need for long-term storage of a large amount of sugar beet at sugar enterprises leads to high losses of beet pulp and sugar, as well as to a decrease in the technological qualities of raw materials. To reduce the loss of raw materials during storage, chemical methods of protection have become widespread, for evaluating the effectiveness of which no single complex criterion has been developed. In order to develop such a criterion, the effectiveness of the effect of treatment with biologically active preparations Gembar, Polydez Plus and KSD-2 on the safety of sugar-containing raw materials was studied. For the research, we used sugar beet roots grown in the Republic of Belarus, of good technological quality, which were treated with one of the preparations – KSD-2 with a concentration of 5%, Gembar and Polydez Plus with a concentration of 0,15% at a consumption of 2 dm3of the working solution per 1 ton of beet – and laid for short-term, medium-term or long-term storage in a production cahat. Studies of phytopathological parameters of samples of root crops treated with preparations and control samples of untreated root crops and calculation of weight loss and sucrose after different storage periods were carried out during two production seasons. It was found that the treatment allows to reduce the content of rotten mass and the mass of sprouts respectively by 73–100% and 81% when treated with Gembar, by 40–42% and 54% when treated with Polydez Plus, by 87–100% and 90–92% when treated with KSD-2; to reduce beet mass losses and average daily sucrose losses, respectively, by 6–46% and 22,2–53,3% when treated with Gembar, by 6–77% and 5,6–29,4% when treated with Polydez Plus, by 19–76% and 33,3–69,2% when processing KSD-2 depending on the duration of storage and the production season. It was also found that in the control sample, the sucrose content, depending on the duration of storage, decreased, % by weight of beet: by 0,19 for short-term storage, by 0,48 for medium-term, and by 0,83 for long-term storage, but after treatment with KSD-2 the root crop samples lost 0,05; 0,19 and 0,47% by weight of beet respectively, which is 3,8; 2,5 and 1,8 times less compared to the control. Based on the research results, the use of two complex indicators – the index of technological quality of sugar beet and the index of safety of sugar beet-is proposed to assess the effectiveness of the effect of the drug used on reducing the degradation of sugar beet with different storage periods (preservation of technological qualities). According to the developed formulas of complex indicators, the indices of the safety of sugar beet for the studied storage options are calculated.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document