Chemical weed control in the Ord River Valley. 2. Rice

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijn PJ van
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Japonica Variety ◽  
Indica Variety ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Three herbicides, CIPC (Isopropyl-N-(3-chloropheny1)-carbamate) EPTC (Ethyl-NN-dipropylthiol- carbamate) and Stam F-34 (3,4-Dichloropropionanilide), were tested for the control of barnyard grasses, Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., in rice at Kimberley Research Station. The herbicides were tested at different rates and times of application on land lightly and heavily infested with weeds in crops of dry season rice, japonica variety Caloro, and wet season rice indica variety Meli No. 2 or Sircna. CIPC gave good control of weeds but did not increase crop yield ; furthermore, it was unreliable in its action and in one experiment reduced crop yield. EPTC, at 1 lb an acre active ingredient applied pre-sowing, gave good control of weeds but no increases in crop yield. Stam F-34, at 3-6 lb an acre active ingredient applied two to three weeks after crop emergence, gave good control of weeds in both wet and dry season rice and, as a result, crop yields increased.

Chemical weed control in the Ord River Valley. 3. Cotton

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Rijn PJ van
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Residual Action

Between 1960 and 1963, four preliminary experiments on herbicides for cotton were carried out at Kimberley Research Station. Diuron, applied pre-emergence at rates of 1/2-1 lb an acre active ingredient (a. i.), and dicryl, applied seven to ten days after emergence at rates of 3-6 lb an acre a. i., gave satisfactory weed control. Diuron, because of its longer residual action (six weeks in early wet season, two months or more in late wet and early dry season) is preferred, and is recommended as the standard herbicidal treatment for Ord River cotton crops.

Herbicides for weed control in grain sorghum crops in the Northern Territory

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
IMW Wood
Keyword(s):  
Good Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
Grass Weed

In experiments conducted in the 1968-69 wet season at the Katherine Research Station, Northern Territory, a number of herbicides gave good control of the grass weed Pennisetum polystachyon in grain sorghum crops. Linuron at 3 lb a.i. an acre and PCP at 20 lb a.i. an acre as pre-emergence applications effectively controlled grasses with no apparent adverse affects on the crop. With both there were significantly higher grain yields than on unweeded control plots containing an average of 1378 lb dry weight of P. polystachyon an acre. Fluometuron at 3 lb a.i. an acre late pre-emergence and early post-emergence and chlorthal at 7 lb a.i. an acre pre-emergence controlled grasses but did not increase grain yields. Further investigations are warranted with these herbicides, as banded applications to the interrow may overcome the apparent problem of crop phytotoxicity. Chlorthal at rates that gave good grass control had no adverse effect on Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis). This could be an important advantage when sorghum is sown in rotation with Townsville stylo pasture or where the crop is undersown with Townsville stylo.

Nitrogen contributed by grain legumes to rice grown in rotation on the Cununurra soils of the Ord Irrigation Area, Western Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Chapman ◽  
RJK Myers
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Bare Fallow

The uptake of nitrogen (N) by dry season rice following wet season crops of soybean (for grain or green manure), green gram, Sesbania cannabina (a native legume), a cereal (sorghum or dryland rice for grain), or bare fallow, was studied for 3 cropping cycles over 4 years. The work was done on Cununurra clay (0.04% N) at Kimberley Research Station near Kununurra, W.A., in the Ord Irrigation Area. Stubbles were returned to the soil except in the first cycle when (excluding the green manure treatment) all tops were removed from the plots at maturity. There was a 12-month bare fallow period between the first and second cycles. Dry season rice was drill-sown with or without 100 kg ha-1 of N applied as urea at permanent flooding. Soybean, green gram and Sesbania crops accumulated 290-360, 80-130 and 110-180 kg N ha-1, respectively, in the tops at maturity. An average of about 40 kg N ha-1 was present in the stem bases and roots (0-20 cm depth). Estimates of nitrogen fixation based on 15N dilution measurements ranged from 65-72% of total plant N when the legumes were grown after 12 months fallow, to 93-95% when they were grown immediately following dry season rice. Fertiliser N at 25 kg ha-1 applied presowing ('starter' N) had no significant effect on legume N yield at maturity. N returned in leaves, stems and hulls averaged 30, 50 and 80 kg N ha-1 for green gram, soybean and Sesbania, respectively. Rice grain yields and N uptake at maturity were generally highest after Sesbania and lowest after a wet season cereal crop. Differences among treatments were small and related to the quantity of N returned in residues. On average, 11% of the N in the residues was recovered in the tops of the following rice crop. Rice yields increased over the 4-year period, but mean increases were similar for legume and non-legume treatments. The average apparent recovery of N applied as urea to dry season rice at permanent flooding was 76%. The inclusion of a soybean cash crop in the rotation offers the possibility of a marginal reduction in the need for N fertiliser.

Chemical weed control in irrigation channels at the Kimberley Research Station, Western Australia

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijin PJ van
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

In three trials at Kimberley Research Station between 1959 and 1962 the herbicides monuron and simazine were tested for the control of weeds in irrigation channels during the wet season. Monuron at 12-16 lbs an acre and simazine at 12 lb an acre active ingredient controlled (or killed) most weeds. More resistant weeds, such as Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf. (para grass), Chionachne Hubbardiana Henr. and Clitoria ternatea L. (butterfly pea) required higher rates (up to 20 lb an acre active ingredient). Channels should be sprayed approximately a fortnight before sowing cotton and rice crops. The effectiveness of the treatments was increased by burning the weeds and delving the channels. Since cotton was found susceptible to simazine and rice was very susceptible to monuron, supply channels for cotton should be sprayed with monuron and channels for rice with simazine.

scholarly journals Induction of defense in cereals by 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid suppresses insect pest populations and increases crop yields in the field

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (22) ◽  
pp. 12017-12028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanwan Wang ◽  
Pengyong Zhou ◽  
Xiaochang Mo ◽  
Lingfei Hu ◽  
Nuo Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Synthetic chemical elicitors, so called plant strengtheners, can protect plants from pests and pathogens. Most plant strengtheners act by modifying defense signaling pathways, and little is known about other mechanisms by which they may increase plant resistance. Moreover, whether plant strengtheners that enhance insect resistance actually enhance crop yields is often unclear. Here, we uncover how a mechanism by which 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid (4-FPA) protects cereals from piercing-sucking insects and thereby increases rice yield in the field. Four-FPA does not stimulate hormonal signaling, but modulates the production of peroxidases, H2O2, and flavonoids and directly triggers the formation of flavonoid polymers. The increased deposition of phenolic polymers in rice parenchyma cells of 4-FPA-treated plants is associated with a decreased capacity of the white-backed planthopper (WBPH)Sogatella furciferato reach the plant phloem. We demonstrate that application of 4-PFA in the field enhances rice yield by reducing the abundance of, and damage caused by, insect pests. We demonstrate that 4-FPA also increases the resistance of other major cereals such as wheat and barley to piercing-sucking insect pests. This study unravels a mode of action by which plant strengtheners can suppress herbivores and increase crop yield. We postulate that this represents a conserved defense mechanism of plants against piercing-sucking insect pests, at least in cereals.

Weed control in peanuts in north Queensland

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
D Hawton ◽  
IDG Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Foliar Damage

Experiments conducted over two seasons with Virginia Bunch peanuts on krasnozem soils in north Queensland showed that cultivation controlled weeds sufficiently to prevent significant reduction of crop value. In one of these experiments two cultivations made 2 and 5 weeks after sowing increased the percentage of edible kernel by a mean of 4.8%. A range of herbicides tested in conjunction with cultivation did not significantly increase crop yields or weed control over that obtained by cultivation. Most of the herbicide treatments had no adverse effects on crop yield although some foliar damage occurred on plants treated with vernolate, MCPB, 2,4-DB and dinoseb. Vernolate, incorporated before planting at 4.78 kg active ingredient ha-1 caused a reduction in yield of nut-in-shell and in crop value when compared with the hand weeded, cultivated control. In both experiments, uncontrolled weeds markedly reduced crop yields (by a mean of 69%) and their monetary value (by a mean of 68%). In a third experiment a single application of 2,4-DB plus dinbseb (0.5 kg acid equivalent ha-1 each) made 3 weeks after sowing, with or without multiple applications of 2,4-DB (0.5 kg acid equivalent ha-1) made at 6,9 and 12 weeks, did not significantly reduce crop yields or values, and increased the control of Hyptis suaveolens and other broad-leaved weeds when compared with a standard trifluralin-plus cultivation treatment.

Chemical weed control in peanut crops at Katherine, N.T

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
IMW Wood
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Short Season

In crops of Spanish peanuts at Katherine, N.T., trifluralin at 1 lb active ingredient an acre and benefin at 2 lb a.i. an acre gave almost complete control of the two pigweeds Trianthema portulacastrum and Portulaca oleracea. During two seasons, one a dry short season and the other a season of average rainfall and duration, both herbicides were very effective and did not cause any crop damage. Prometryne at 3 lb a.i. an acre and linuron at 2 lb a.i. an acre gave good control in the dry season but only fair control in the wetter season. Chloramben at 4 lb a.i. an acre gave excellent weed control with little crop damage in the normal season, but poor weed control and considerable crop damage in the dry season.

scholarly journals Extra-tall stubble can increase crop yield in the semiarid Canadian prairie

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herb Cutforth ◽  
Brian McConkey ◽  
Sangu Angadi ◽  
Doug Judiesch
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Cutforth, H., McConkey, B., Angadi, S. and Judiesch, D. 2011. Extra-tall stubble can increase crop yield in the semiarid Canadian prairie. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 783–785. Previous research in the semiarid prairie showed that crop yields increased as the height of standing stubble increased to 30 cm. Recent technology permits seeding into higher standing stubble. A 3-yr (2001–2003) study was conducted at Swift Current, SK, to determine how seeding canola, pulse, and wheat into cultivated, short (about 15 cm high), tall (about 30 cm high), and extra-tall (about 45 cm high) standing stubble affected crop yield. Crop yield and the overall average water use efficiency increased linearly as stubble height increased to 45 cm. Water use was independent of stubble height.

Grazing Management Strategies for Reseeded Rangelands in the East Kimberley Region of Western Australia.

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker ◽  
SB Tunbridge
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Continuous Grazing

Grazing management strategies involving continuous grazing, wet season rest, dry season rest and a range of stocking rates of steers were evaluated on reseeded rangeland at Ord Regeneration Research Station by the use of temporary exclosures within continuously grazed paddocks. The rangeland is a patchwork of plant communities in various stages of regeneration. Under continuous grazing, liveweight gain in three of the four years of the trial was more closely related to botanical differences between paddocks than to stocking rate although all paddocks were confined to the one land unit. Animals generally selected those parts of the pasture where regeneration of perennial grasses was least advanced and the vegetation was characterized by short annual and semi-perennial species. Differences in the yield of these species between paddocks accounted for much of the variation in liveweight gain. Perennial species contributed most to animal production when seasonal conditions were poor. Over the study as a whole, year-in-year-out stocking rate was much more important than management system (proportion of wet season grazing) in determining vegetation changes. Nevertheless, selective grazing of the short grass patches will prevent the use of a continuous grazing strategy in these pastures. However, continued regeneration should be feasible under a tactical management system in which grazing is managed to ensure that a minimum level of cover is maintained on the short grass phase and that the end of dry season utilization level for the key perennial species does not exceed an average (over years) of about 30 per cent.

Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of some native pasture species in North-western Australia.

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Holm ◽  
GJ Eliot
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Pasture Land ◽  
North Western

The nutritive value of Astrebla elymoides, A. pectinata, Chrysopogon fallax, Iseilema vaginiflorum, Neptunia monosperma from black soil plains (BSP) pasture land; and Plectrachne pungens, Chrysopogon fallax, Sorghum plumosum, and Eriachne obtusa of curly spinifex-ribbon grass (CSRC;) pasture land, was assessed over the period October 1975 to October 1977 at the Fitzroy Pastoral Research Station, north Western Australia. Seasonal trends in crude protein, crude fibre. phosphorus. calcium and in vitro digestibility, together with some physiological parameters are described for each species. BSP pastures were found to be higher in crude protein, lower in crude fibre and more digestible than CSRG pasture species. Crude protein contents of most BSP pasture species were sufficient for maintenance of cattle during the dry season while CSRG species were below maintenance All species were deficient in phosphorus over the dry season and some species were marginal to deficient over the wet season.

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