The influence of nitrogen and water on pastures of green panic, lucerne, and glycine at Lawes, South-eastern Queensland

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
FH Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The influence of nitrogen fertilizer and supplementary irrigation on pastures of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume K. Schum. Eyles), green panic plus Hunter River lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and green panic plus Cooper glycine (Glycine javanica L.) was measured in an experiment at Lawes, south-eastern Queensland. The yield of green panic increased and the yield of the legumes decreased when nitrogen fertilizer was added at the rate of 50 or 200 lb an acre a year. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the total dry matter and nitrogen yields from green panic and green panic plus glycine swards, but not from green panic plus lucerne swards. Lucerne was more productive than glycine. Inclusion of legumes in the sward increased the total yield of nitrogen. For plots without nitrogen fertilizer, lucerne increased the nitrogen yields by about 230 lb an acre a year, and glycine increased yields by about 60 lb an acre a year. Most of this extra nitrogen was harvested in the legume.

Shoot growth on lucerne plants cut at different heights

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Two Stages

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) plants grown to two stages of maturity were cut at 2, 5, or 10 cm above the crown. In addition, the leaf on the stubble and on basal shoots was either removed or retained. The change in the number and size of the regrowth shoots growing from different heights above the crown, and the total yield of dry matter, were observed for 4 weeks after cutting. Nearly all the regrowth shoots arose from very near to the crown, either on the crown itself or from within the first 2 cm above it, so that cutting at higher levels increased shoot numbers only slightly. Also most of the shoots arising from near the crown resumed extension growth earlier, and therefore grew larger, than the shoots arising from higher positions. In general the growth of shoots from one stubble segment was not influenced by whether segments were still present above. Increasing the cutting height above 2 cm consequently produced little effect on the yield of dry matter 2 and 4 weeks after cutting. Retaining stubble leaf and basal shoot leaf increased the shoot yield 2 and 4 weeks later, because the basal shoots resuming growth first grew larger than those on plants from which leaves were removed. The effect of retaining leaves was independent of the stage of maturity when the plants were cut and of the cutting height.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS, DES DATES ET DES DOSES DE SEMIS SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LA QUALITÉ DE LA LUZERNE L’ANNÉE DU SEMIS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
L. BELZILE ◽  
R. RIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Made In

The effects of cultivars, seeding rates and dates on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield and quality in the seeding year were studied from 1971 to 1975 on a Kamouraska clay. Results showed the importance of seeding alfalfa before the end of May. Seedings made in early and in mid-May resulted in equivalent yield. Differences between cultivars were more important on the second than on the first cut. Regrowth was an important factor in the seedling year. The total yield of the Alfa cultivar is higher than Vernal and Narragansett and it is also higher for every combination of rates and seeding dates. Seeding rates were not an important factor except at the first cut where a rate of 6.7 kg/ha gave a lower yield than a rate of 13.4 kg/ha. Dry matter digestibility of Alfa is sometimes higher than for the other cultivars in the study. Late seeding generally increased the digestibility of the second cut dry matter, whereas rates of seeding have no effect on either first or second cut material. The crude protein content is not affected by seeding rates and the effects of cultivars are generally very small. With a delay in seeding dates the crude protein content of the second cut material is sometimes increased.Key words: Medicago sativa L., cultivar, date, rate

EFFECTS OF VEGETATION SUPPRESSION AND DRILLING TECHNIQUES ON THE ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH OF SOD-SEEDED ALFALFA AND BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL IN GRASS DOMINANT SWARDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
A. J. CAMPBELL ◽  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
K. B. MCRAE
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Plot Design

The sod seeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was studied in three locations previously cut for conserved feed or used for pasture. At each location an experiment with a split-split-plot design was established with sod-seeded alfalfa and bird’s-foot trefoil as main treatments, methods of drilling as subtreatments, and methods of vegetation control as sub-subtreatments. Drilling was done with a John Deere PowrTill 1500 renovator and Øyjord plot drill equipped with shoe openers. The methods of vegetation control included mowing and spraying with 1:1-′dimethyl-4.4′bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat) or N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate) at the time of drilling. Sod seeding alfalfa resulted in greater dry matter yields than bird’s-foot trefoil. Alfalfa and bird’s-foot trefoil constituted 27 and 17% of total yield in the year after sod seeding and 17 and 4% in the 2nd year after drilling, respectively. Alfalfa performed better in a sward previously cut for conserved feed while bird’s-foot trefoil performed better in a field used for pasture. Both PowrTill and plot drill resulted in satisfactory seedling establishment although the yields of sod-seeded legumes were greater with plot drill than with PowrTill in the year after drilling. Vegetation suppression with paraquat and glyphosate did not improve the growth of sod-seeded alfalfa or bird’s-foot trefoil over the unsprayed treatment. In a heavy sward consisting mainly of Poa pratensis L., sod-seeded alfalfa, and bird’s-foot trefoil failed to establish.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and white clover on dry matter and nitrogen yields of Digitaria decumbens and Setaria sphacelata var. sericea in south-eastern Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
JP Ebersohn ◽  
JC Mulder
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

An experiment was conducted to evaluate yield dynamics of three candidate grasses that could replace Pangola (Digitaria decumbens CPI 18578). The grasses were Digitaria pentzii cn. Nelspruit and Setaria sphacelata var. sericea cvv. Nandi and Kazungula, grown in association with white clover (Trifolium repens), or at three levels of fertilizer nitrogen. Cumulative dry matter yields in t ha-1 taken from nine cuts between August 1965 and January 1967, differed (P< 0.05) as follows. For grasses, Pangola (26) > Kazungula (24) > Nelspruit (22) > Nandi (20); and for associated clover, Pangola (10.5) and Nelspruit (10.5) > Kazungula (6.8) and Nandi (6.7). Pangola and Nelspruit reached peak yields in December, Nandi and Kazungula in April. Clover yields peaked in September and again in December. Clover in Kazungula-clover plots became severely depressed after 14 months. When grown in association with grasses, clover smoothed out peaks and troughs characteristic of infrequent applications of nitrogen fertilizer. Periodicity of nitrogen yields was similar to that of DM yields. Clover produced more DM than either Pangola or Nelspruit. Conversely, clover was severely suppressed by Kazungula, less by Nandi. Except for reservations about Kazungula where grown with clover, any one of the three candidate grasses would be a suitable replacement for Pangola.

ALFALFA VARIETIES ZONED IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
State Register ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article describes the main morphological and biological features of alfalfa varieties included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in the Central Chernozem zone of Russia. A total of 32 alfalfa varieties are included in the State register. This is 9 varieties of blue alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. Sativa) of domestic selection and 8 foreign, 11 varieties of variable alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.) domestic selection and 1 variety of foreign and 3 varieties of yellow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.). It shows the average and maximum yield of varieties determined in the process of state variety testing, as well as independent evaluation in research institutions in the region. Varieties of blue alfalfa of domestic selection Kevsala, Elena, Satellite, Vavilovskaya Yubileynaya were the most productive. The average yield of dry matter of these varieties reaches 8.4–9.2 t/ha, the maximum — 15.3–17.7 t/ha. Alfalfa varieties Timbale and Galaxy were the most productive among foreign varieties: the average yield of dry matter was 8.1 and 8.3 t/ha, the maximum – 15.5 and 17.2 t/ha. Varieties of alfalfa variable Vitalina and Vela provided an average yield of dry matter of 7.6 and 9.0 t/ha, the maximum yield reached 15.4 and 18.1 t/ha.

EFFECTS OF EARLY SUMMER AND FALL CUTTING MANAGEMENT ON DRY MATTER YIELDS, DIGESTIBILITY, CRUDE PROTEIN, AND SURVIVAL OF SARANAC AND NARRAGANSETT ALFALFAS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLEOD ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cutting Management

The effects of early summer and fall cutting managements on two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were studied over a 3-year period. Removal of the first crop of Saranac and Narrangansett alfalfas at prebud stage, followed by two cuts at the early bloom stage before early September, and a late fall harvest on October 25, produced seasonal dry matter (DM) yields of 7.5–8.6 metric T/ha in the 1st year. Stand deterioration, however, was severe and by the 3rd year, practically all alfalfa had disappeared. Average percent crude protein (CP) in cut 1 was 17.7–21.9 and percent in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) 67.4–73.8. Removal of the first cut at bud stage with two subsequent harvests at the early bloom stage also allowed a total of three harvests before early September and resulted in seasonal DM yields of 8.6–8.8 in the 1st year. Although the survival of alfalfa was increased over the managements where cut 1 was at prebud stage, a considerable decrease of alfalfa was still observed in the 3rd year. Under this management, average CP in cut 1 was 15.8–16.3 and IVD 64.1–68.4. Harvesting the first crop at early to midbloom stage and the second crop at early bloom in early to mid-August, followed by third harvest in late October, resulted in good survival with seasonal DM yields of 6.1–10.6. Lower CP and IVD were recorded in cut 1 than in the more intensive managements. Under all managements, average CP in cuts 2 and 3 was 14.9–17.3 and 13.3–19.4, respectively. IVD was 54.5–60.7 in cut 2 and 56.0–64.4 in cut 3.

Studies with lucerne (Medicago sativa)—row distances and “smother” crops

1940 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Garner ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
The University

As a result of one detailed experiment and four demonstrations carried out on the University Farm at Cambridge the following conclusions can be drawn:1. Lucerne drilled at a constant seed rate per acre, in narrow rows (3½ and 7 in.), gave a greater yield per acre than when drilled in rows 10½ and 14 in. in width. Over a four-year period the yield of dry matter per acre from narrow rows was half a ton more than from wide rows. No evidence was obtained that weed infestation is reduced by narrow drilling.2. The broadcasting of 5 lb. of trefoil per acre at the time the lucerne was drilled had no effect on the total yield or on weed infestation.3. Wild white clover broadcast at the rate of 2 lb. per acre at the time of drilling the lucerne slightly reduced the yield of lucerne in the first harvest year, but subsequently it served to secure some control of weeds, and thereby favoured the persistence of the lucerne. Differences in yield associated with sowing wild white clover were, however, slight.4. Commercial cocksfoot broadcast at the rate of 10 lb. per acre at the time of drilling the lucerne led to very considerable increases in total yield (nearly 3 tons per acre of dry matter over a four-year period). The increments were obtained principally during the spring growth, and some loss of lucerne plants was suffered, so that in a very dry summer the total aftermath yield was slightly reduced. Since cocksfoot almost completely controlled weeds and its mixture with lucerne was very suitable for hay or for silage, it is regarded as a plant that may be included in a lucerne ley with advantage.

Comparative characteristics during wilting for alfalfa conditioned by maceration or by a conventional roller-conditioner

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwarno Suwarno ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
W. P. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

A study was conducted to monitor nutrient and microbial count changes during wilting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to varying degrees of maceration at mowing. Early bloom alfalfa was mowed with either a roller-conditioner (CONV) or a macerator set to deliver four degrees of maceration during alfalfa mowing: LIGHT, LIGHT+, SEVERE, and SEVERE+. Macerated alfalfa reached 80% dry matter in 9–11 h compared with alfalfa mowed by roller-conditioner, which required 54 h. The most rapid wilting rates were associated with LIGHT+, SEVERE, and SEVERE+ maceration treatments when alfalfa was not exposed to precipitation. The wilting coefficient in the first 24 h was increased by more than 100% for the SEVERE treatment compared with alfalfa mowed using a conventional roller-conditioner in alfalfa that was not exposed to precipitation. Precipitation at 1.5 h post-mowing increased wilting time by 8.3 h to achieve 45% DM, and by 17.5 to achieve 80% DM in the SEVERE+ maceration treatment relative to alfalfa from the same conditioning treatment that was not exposed to precipitation. Precipitation at 24 h post-mowing increased wilting time to reach 80% DM by 11 h and 21 h for the LIGHT and LIGHT+ maceration treatments relative to alfalfa of the same mowing treatments not exposed to precipitation. Maceration of alfalfa resulted in a 24.2 to 26.8 h shorter wilting time relative to the conventional roller-conditioner treatment when alfalfa was exposed to precipitation at 24 h post-mowing. SEVERE and SEVERE+ maceration treatments at mowing resulted in higher (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre levels post-wilting. Lactic acid bacteria populations on alfalfa tended to be higher with maceration within 1 h post-mowing (P < 0.10) and post-wilting (P < 0.08). Key words: Alfalfa, maceration, precipitation, wilting time, bacteria, nutrient profile, compressibility

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fixation and Resource Partitioning in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Cicer Milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Using 15N Enrichment under Controlled Environment Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Gazali Issah ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau ◽  
Herbert A. Lardner ◽  
J. Diane Knight
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
C And N ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Astragalus Cicer

Availability of nitrogen (N) limits pasture production. Inclusion of legumes into grass pastures can provide an alternative N source through biological N2 fixation (BNF), and enhance retention and cycling of soil C and N. Despite the use of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) in grass-legume pastures to improve forage quality, relative BNF potentials and resource partitioning are unknown. We quantified BNF using 15N isotope dilution and estimated resource partitioning in alfalfa, two cultivars of cicer milkvetch and two cultivars of sainfoin under controlled conditions. Percentage of nitrogen derived from atmosphere followed the order alfalfa (92%) > cicer milkvetch (87%) > sainfoin (81%); corresponding to estimated N contributions of 200, 128 and 65 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, based on total herbage. Root dry matter was 24% to 36% greater than shoot dry matter in all of the legumes, providing substantial below-ground C and N. Cultivars of the same species did not differ in any measured parameter (p > 0.05). Despite the lower BNF in cicer milkvetch and sainfoin compared to alfalfa, their use may not negatively affect stand productivity and C storage.

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