The competitive and yielding ability of some sub-tropical pasture species sown alone and in mixtures under intermittent grazing at Samford, south-eastern Queensland

Eleven introduced tropical grasses were compared in single grass swards and nine of these were compared in mixtures containing two or three grasses. The pastures received 300 lb nitrogen an acre a year as urea and were grazed five times a year. A basal legume mixture of tropical legumes and white clover sown with the grasses failed to persist. There were large differences between the grasses in competitive ability and this varied with time. Samford Rhodes grass, Nandi setaria, and Pangola were the most aggressive, and the Paspalum species-P. plicatulum P. dilatum and P. commersonii the least aggressive. Hyparrhenia hirta, which had done well at low nitrogen levels, failed to compete with weed grasses at the higher nitrogen level used in this study. Rhyncheytrum repens and commercial Rhodes grass were the dominant weed grasses in the establishment year. These rapidly decreased with time, and Digitaria didacola-blue couch, became the dominant weed species. Plots containing Nandi setaria, Samford Rhodes grass, or Pangola, gave the highest yields, and plots containing P. dilatatum the lowest. There was no yield advantage in combining grasses in mixtures-the mixture giving similar or lower yields than the best grass in the mixture grown alone. Under a period of farm grazing the three Rhodes grasses used declined sharply and the proportion of blue couch increased. The high yields from plots dominated by blue couch indicate that, agronomically, this has been a neglected naturalized species. Only Nandi setaria and Pangola were able to compete effectively with blue couch under the 'farm grazing' management imposed.