Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and nitrogen concentration in grain and straw of rice under semi-deepwater conditions (51–100 cm)

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reddy ◽  
M. M. Panda ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
B. B. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Intermediate Deep Water

SummaryUnder conditions of semi-deep water (51–100 cm) rice varieties with greater plant height produced more dry matter and grain yield as N fertilizer was increased from 0 to 20 and 40 kg/ha. The varieties which performed better in a situation of slow rise in water level to a depth of 120 cm could not survive a quick rise in water level owing to their lesser plant height and elongation ability. The loss of dry matter (dead and dried leaves) was also greater in varieties susceptible to deep water than varieties tolerant of deep water.With the increase in N fertilizer, there was increase in plant height, number of tillers, dry-matter production and grain yield. The loss of dry matter was less in crops given N fertilizer than in those not given N fertilizer. The varieties capable of producing higher grain yield in response to N fertilizer under semi-deep water did not improve their grain yield under intermediate deep water (15–50 cm). With increase in application of N fertilizer from 0 to 40 kg/ha the N concentration in grain increased. N concentration did not vary in straw under intermediate deep water, there was no definite trend in semi-deep water, and it was higher under conditions of semi-deep than intermediate deep water.

Effect of methods of stand establishment on grain yield of rice under intermediate deep water conditions (15–50 cm)

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reddy ◽  
M. M. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater ◽  
Intermediate Deep Water

SummaryIn intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm), direct seeding was superior to transplanting in 20 cm of water. Varieties with greater plant height performed better under transplanted conditions. Nitrogen fertilizer application at 40 kg/ha increased the grain yield under both direct-seeded and transplanted conditions. Though yield of the transplanted crop was less than that of the direct-seeded crop, the decrease was less in the crop given nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of soybean with the application of Bradyrhyzobium inoculant via furrow and seed

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Santiel Alves Vieira Neto ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
João Carlos Madalão ◽  
Douglas Gomes Viana ◽  
Carlos César Evangelista de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.

Comparison of rotations in which barley for grain follows woollypod vetch or forage barley

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Papastylianou ◽  
Th. Samios
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Total Soil N

SummaryUsing data from rotation studies in which barley or woollypod vetch were included, both cut for hay and preceding barley for grain, it is shown that forage barley gave higher dry-matter yield than woollypod vetch (3·74 v. 2·92 t/ha per year). However, the latter gave feedingstuff of higher nitrogen concentration and yield (86 kg N/ha per year for vetch v. 55 kg N/ha per year for barley). Rainfall was an important factor in controlling the yield of the two forages and the comparison between them in different years and sites. Barley following woollypod vetch gave higher grain yield than when following forage barley (2·36 v. 1·91 t/ha). Rotation sequences which included woollypod vetch had higher output of nitrogen (N) than input of fertilizer N with a positive value of 44–60 kg N/ha per year. In rotations where forage barley was followed by barley for grain the N balance between output and input was 5–6 kg N/ha. Total soil N was similar in the different rotations at the end of a 7-year period.

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽  
TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽  
EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽  
JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals N-fertilizer postponing application improves dry matter translocation and increases system productivity of wheat/maize intercropping

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Xu ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
Falong Hu ◽  
Zhilong Fan ◽  
Wen Yin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Jointing Stage

AbstractIntercropping increases the grain yield to feed the ever-growing population in the world by cultivating two crop species on the same area of land. It has been proven that N-fertilizer postponed topdressing can boost the productivity of cereal/legume intercropping. However, whether the application of this technology to cereal/cereal intercropping can still increase grain yield is unclear. A field experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in the arid region of northwestern China to investigate the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield performance of wheat/maize intercropping in response to N-fertilizer postponed topdressing application. There were three N application treatments (referred as N1, N2, N3) for maize and the total amount were all 360 kg N ha−1. N fertilizer were applied at four time, i.e. prior to sowing, at jointing stage, at pre-tasseling stage, and at 15 days post-silking stage, respectively. The N3 treatment was traditionally used for maize production and allocations subjected to these four stages were 2:3:4:1. The N1 and N2 were postponed topdressing treatments which allocations were 2:1:4:3 and 2:2:4:2, respectively. The results showed that the postponed topdressing N fertilizer treatments boosted the maximum average crop growth rate (CGR) of wheat/maize intercropping. The N1 and N2 treatments increased the average maximum CGR by 32.9% and 16.4% during the co-growth period, respectively, and the second average maximum CGR was increased by 29.8% and 12.6% during the maize recovery growth stage, respectively, compared with the N3 treatment. The N1 treatment was superior to other treatments, since it increased the CGR of intercropped wheat by 44.7% during the co-growth period and accelerated the CGR of intercropped maize by 29.8% after the wheat had been harvested. This treatment also increased the biomass and grain yield of intercropping by 8.6% and 33.7%, respectively, compared with the current N management practice. This yield gain was primarily attributable to the higher total translocation of dry matter. The N1 treatment increased the transfer amount of intercropped wheat by 28.4% from leaf and by 51.6% from stem, as well as increased the intercropped maize by 49.0% of leaf, 36.6% of stem, and 103.6% of husk, compared to N3 treatment, respectively. Integrated the N fertilizer postponed topdressing to the wheat/maize intercropping system have a promotion effect on increasing the translocation of dry matter to grain in vegetative organs. Therefore, the harvest index of intercropped wheat and maize with N1 was 5.9% and 5.3% greater than that of N3, respectively. This demonstrated that optimizing the management of N fertilizer can increase the grain yield from wheat/maize intercropping via the promotion of accumulation and translocation of dry matter.

scholarly journals Calidad fisiológica de semillas y variabilidad entre plantas en una población de arroz

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Luis Osmar Braga Schuch ◽  
Igor Kohls ◽  
Andreia da Silva Almeida ◽  
Cristiane Deuner ◽  
Jerffeson Araujo Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Early Seedling

<p>La calidad fisiológica de la semilla podría afectar el rendimiento de granos de arroz. Las diferencias en la calidad fisiológica de las semillas pueden causar la reducción y desuniformidad de la emergencia en el campo, acarreando una diferencia en el crecimiento inicial de las plantas, y consecuentemente afectando el cultivo y su rendimiento. Se realizo un experimento con el objetivo de evaluar la distribución espacial y la variabilidad en la población entre las plantas de arroz, en función de la calidad fisiológica de las semillas. Fueron utilizados nueve lotes de semillas de la cultivar BR-IRGA 410, siendo tres de alta, tres de media y tres de baja calidad fisiológica. Cada bloque consistió de nueve líneas de 5,5 metros de longitud, separadas por 0,12 metros. Se evaluó el número de fallas consecutivas y la variabilidad entre las plantas a través del coeficiente de variación de la altura de plantas y de la materia seca. El uso de las semillas con baja calidad fisiológica proporcionó mayor desuniformidad en la distribución espacial de la planta en el campo, y una mayor variabilidad entre las plantas que componen la población, lo que puede proporcionar un aumento en la competencia intra-especifica.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Seeds physiological quality and variability among plants in populations of rice</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Several authors try to relate the physiological quality of seeds with grain yield of rice. Differences in the physiological quality of seeds can cause reduction and uniformity of emergence in the field, leading to differential on early seedling growth, and consequently affecting the culture and your yield. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the spatial distribution and variability in populations of rice plants, depending on the physiological quality of seeds. Were used nine seed lots of cultivar BR-IRGA 410, three lots of high, three lots of medium and three lots of low physiological quality. Each block was composed of nine lines of 5.5 meters in length, spaced 0.12 meters. We evaluated the number of consecutive failures in emergence, and plant variability through the coefficient of variation of plant height and dry matter. The use of seed with low physiological quality provides increased uniformity in the spatial distribution of plants in the field, and greater variability from plants comprising the population, which can provide an increase in intra-specific competition.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matome J. Mokgolo ◽  
Jestino Mzezewa ◽  
Jude J.O. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Cropping Season

The application of organic manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilisers is considered a good agricultural practice for smallholder farmers. However, the effect of organic manure on soil properties and crop yield depends upon its application rate and its chemical composition. A field experiment was carried out during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons at the University of Venda experimental farm (Limpopo Province, South Africa) to determine the effect of three organic manures (cattle, poultry and their 1:1 combination, 20 t/ha) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) performance, grain yield and selected soil properties under rainfed conditions. Poultry manure produced the highest final infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration followed by cattle manure, their combination and the control in that order. Total nitrogen, calcium, and zinc were significantly different between treatments in the first season while potassium, sodium, and zinc were significantly different in the second season. Manure combination and poultry manure produced the highest organic carbon and available phosphorus, respectively, in both seasons compared to other treatments. Organic manure application had a significant (p less than 0.05) effect on dry matter, plant height and stem girth at all growth stages in the second cropping season but only in the flower bud stage for both parameters in the first season. Manure application in the second season resulted in an increase in the grain yield compared to the first season, except after application of poultry manure whereafter the grain yield decreased significantly by 168% from the first cropping season. The application of organic manure had a significant effect on sunflower grain yield, dry matter, head dry matter, plant height and stem girth throughout all growing stages in the second cropping season with poultry manure producing the best values.

Grain nitrogen concentration differences among three sorghum hybrids with similar grain yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamoshita ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
R. C. Muchow ◽  
S. Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

The differences in grain nitrogen (N) concentration among 3 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids with similar grain yield were examined under N-limiting conditions in relation to the availability of assimilate and N to grain. Several manipulation treatments [N fertiliser application, lower leaves shading, thinning (reduced plant population), whole canopy shading, canopy opening, spikelet removal] were imposed to alter the relative N and assimilate availability to grain under full irrigation supply. Grain N concentration increased by either increased grain N availability or yield reduction while maintaining N uptake. Grain N concentration, however, did not decrease in the treatments where relative abundance of N compared with assimilate was intended to be reduced. The minimum levels of grain N concentration differed from 0.95% (ATx623/RTx430) to 1.14% (DK55plus) in these treatments. Regardless of the extent of variation in assimilate and N supply to grain, the ranking of hybrids on grain N concentration was consistent across the manipulation treatments. For the 3 hybrids examined, higher grain N concentration was associated with higher N uptake during grain filling and, to a lesser extent, with higher N mobilisation. Hybrids with larger grain N accumulation had a larger number of grains. There was no tradeoff between grain N concentration and yield, suggesting that grain protein concentration can be improved without sacrificing yield potential.

Yield and quality of irrigated summer fodder crops in northern Victoria

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Fodder Crops

Dry matter (DM) yield, in vitro digestibility (DMD%), and nitrogen (N) concentration were determined for 28 cultivars of millet (Echinochloa utilis), hybrid forage sorghum (Sorghum spp.) and maize (Zea mays), under irrigation at Kyabram, Victoria. These summer fodder crops produced large amounts of digestible dry matter (DDM) under intensive irrigated management in northern Victoria, indicating their potential importance for animal production in irrigated warm temperate regions, where pasture dominates the present land use. Single harvest cultivars produced more DM and DDM than did multiple-cut types but with a lower N concentration and generally lower digestibility. Comparing the highest 3-year mean yields for each species, sweet sorghum cv. Honey drip produced more dry matter (273 t/ha) than did maize cv. XL77 (21.6 t/ha) but yields of DDM were similar (14.4 v. 14.0 t/ha). Both yielded more DM and DDM than grain sorghum cv. Pacific 303 (20.1 t DM/ha and 12.4 t DDM/ha). Maize had higher digestibility (65.0%) than grain sorghum (61.5%) or sweet sorghum (53.0% DMD) and higher N concentration (1.1%) than sweet sorghum (0.9%). All maize cultivars had similar dry matter yields but differed in grain yield. Echinochloa millet cv. Shirohie produced a similar amount of DM (16.3 t/ha) and DDM (10.8 t DM/ha) to sorghum x sudan grass hybrid cv. Sudax (17.1 t DM/ha and 10.7 t DDM/ha). This contrasts with their comparative performance at lower latitudes where sorghum hybrids have the higher yield. There was no difference in mean yield between cultivars of sorghum x sudan grass hybrid. Millet had a higher digestibility (65.9%) and nitrogen concentration (1.9%) than sorghum x sudan hybrids (63.3% DMD, 1.5% N). In this environment, maize and Echinochloa millet had similar DDM yield capacities to sorghum cultivars oftheir equivalent type but superior forage quality.

scholarly journals Effect Of Planting Geometry On Growth Of Rice Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Mahato ◽  
Bishnu Bilas Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Planting Geometry

A field experiment was conducted under humid subtropical agro-climatic condition of Nepal during rainy season of 2014. The experiment was laid out in to two factor Randomized Complete Block Design with  three replications consisting three drought tolerant rice varieties (Sukhadhan-4, Sukhadhan-5 and Radha-4) and four planting geometry (15 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm). The results revealed that the highest plant height and maximum leaf area index was recorded in planting geometry 15 cm × 10 cm in all growth stages. Whereas, planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm produced the maximum number of tiller m-2 in all growth stage.  While planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm produced statistically similar crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation in all stage of growth. Regarding the varieties, Sukhadhan- 4 showed highest plant height up to 75 DAT and plant height was statistically similar to Radha - 4 in 60 and 75 DAT. But maximum number of tiller m-2, leaf area index, crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation were recorded in Sukhadhan – 5 varieties. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 423-429

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