The use of urea-molasses supplements for sheep grazing semi-arid tropical pastures

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Entwistle ◽  
G Knights
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Urea Group ◽  
Semi Arid

The performance of unsupplemented Merino ewes grazing dry season semi-arid tropical pastures was compared with that of other sheep supplemented with either urea-molasses or molasses. Over the experimental period from September 1970 until late January 1971 mean daily intakes per head of urea and molasses respectively were: low urea group, 11.7 g and 35.1 g; high urea group, 15.2 g and 45.6 g; molasses, 38.9 g. Monthly estimates of the proportions of animals consuming the supplement over the period September to January varied from: urea-molasses-71 per cent to 97 per cent; molasses-75 per cent to 96 per cent. Unsupplemented sheep lost significantly more liveweight than did supplemented groups in the period September to February. However, during the period of greatest nutritional stress from December to February, sheep recewing molasses lost significantly more weight than did those supplemented with urea-molasses, and liveweight loss was greater in the low urea group than in the high urea group. Wool growth rates were significantly higher in groups receiving urea-molasses, with highest wool growth rates in animals on the high level of urea. Total fleece weights were unaffected by treatment as were the reproductive factors examined. Faecal nitrogen levels declined until the onset of pasture regrowth in February and were associated with low digestibility of the available forage. Compensatory liveweight gains following pasture regrowth outweighed any advantage of the dry season supplementation. It was concluded that urea-molasses supplements were of little direct benefit to sheep grazing these pastures.

Formaldehyde treated diets for drought feeding of sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
KW Entwistle
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Three experiments are reported in which formaldehyde treatment of various components of survival rations was examined. In experiment 1, Merino weaner ewes were fed survival diets composed of either wheat or sorghum grain with meat and bone meal and low quality roughage. The grain and the meat and bone meal components were treated or untreated with formaldehyde (HCHO), and half the animals were treated with vitamin A. Both HCHO treatment of the grain and vitamin A treatment significantly increased liveweight gains over the 20-week experimental period. There was no wool growth response to HCHO treatment but wool growth rates were higher in sheep on the wheat based diets. Vitamin A treatment had no effect on survival rates, which were, however, lower in sheep on wheat diets. In experiment 2, similar sheep, maintained on a basal diet of low quality sorghum silage, were supplemented with meat and bone meal treated or untreated with HCHO and half the sheep were treated with vitamin A. HCHO treatment resulted in a lower rate of liveweight loss but only for the first 30 days of the experiment. Neither wool growth rates nor survival rates were affected by HCHO or by vitamin A treatment. In experiment 3, Merino wethers were used and the effectiveness of HCHO treatment of either wheat or sorghum grain diets was further examined. HCHO treatment had no effect on either liveweight or clean wool production, which was, however, higher in sheep on wheat based diets.

The patterns of wool growth of Merino sheep grazing three Chenopod shrub rangelands.

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Graetz
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
The West ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Different Types

Annual fleece we~ghts and the seasonal varldtlon m uool growth of Peppm Merino wethers were measured for nearlv tlve years on three paddocks on the pastoral property 'Pme Creek' in the West Darlnlg distr~ct of Nea South Wales. The paddocks had the same stocking rate but encloyed different types of shrub rangelands - saltbush, pearl bluebush and degraded bluebush. Annual fleece weights varied between 4.0 and 5.3 kg (clean scoured) per sheep with no significant differences between the flocks in the different paddocks in any year. There were only small differences within years in the seasonal variations in wool growth for sheep from the three paddocks. Analysis of the relationships between ramfall and fleece weights during the experimental period and from 18 years of property records revealed that under the conservative stocking management regime of this property, wool cut per head \%as largely independent of the previous year's ramfali.

Effect of condensed tannins upon body growth, wool growth and rumen metabolism in sheep grazing sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) and perennial pasture

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Terrill ◽  
G. B. Douglas ◽  
A. G. Foote ◽  
R. W. Purchas ◽  
G. F. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Hedysarum Coronarium

SUMMARYAreas of sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) and pasture (Lolium perenne/Trifolium repens/Holcus lanatus) were grazed by young sheep (29·5–34·8 kg initial liveweight) in four experiments, and effects upon body growth, wool growth and rumen metabolism were measured.Sulla contained 40–50 g condensed tannins (CT)/kg DM, whilst the pasture contained small amounts of CT (2–6 g/kg DM). After chewing during eating, a lower proportion of total CT was readily extractable and greater proportions were protein-bound and fibre-bound. Nutritional effects attributable to CT were assessed by oral administration of polyethylene glycol (PEG), which binds and inactivates CT, to half the animals grazing each forage. Rates of body growth were consistently higher for lambs grazing sulla than those grazing pasture, with the CT concentration in sulla being neither stimulatory or inhibitory to body growth or voluntary feed intake (VFI). The action of CT reduced carcass fatness in sheep fed both diets, in the one experiment where this was measured. CT present in both sulla and pasture decreased rumen ammonia concentration and decreased molar proportions of iso-butyrate and iso and n-valerate. During spring and early summer, when wool growth rates were highest, CT present in both pasture and sulla increased wool growth rate; when wool growth rates were low during winter, CT had no effect upon the wool growth of sheep grazing either forage. Numbers of protozoa and molar proportions of n-butyrate in rumen fluid were increased by CT in sheep grazing sulla but not pasture.It was concluded that the higher rates of body growth and VFI in lambs grazing sulla was most likely to be due to its very high ratio of readily fermentable: structural carbohydrate.

Trichostrongylosis and wool growth. 3. The wool growth response of resistant grazing sheep to larval challenge

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Barger ◽  
WH Southcott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Presence And Absence

Wool growth rates of grazing sheep that were resistant to infection with the intestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis were measured in the presence and absence of a larval challenge. In one experiment, resistant sheep exposed to a moderate level of larval challenge grew 11 per cent less wool than unchallenged resistant sheep grazing the same paddock. A second experiment confirmed the previous results but showed that the magnitude of this wool growth depression did not depend on the severity of the challenge

scholarly journals Productive performance and parasitological control of kids supplemented with umbu fruits (Spondias tuberosa Arruda)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-528
Author(s):  
Thiago Vinicius Costa NASCIMENTO ◽  
Daniel Maia NOGUEIRA ◽  
Nilton de Brito CAVALCANTE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Summary Native fruits from Caatinga vegetation can be an important alternative to improve the productive performance of kids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Umbuzeiro fruits in natura over the weight gain and anthelmintic control of kids kept in Buffel grass pasture in the semi-arid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty-four castrated, crossbreed kids were allocated into three treatments: 1) Control (n = 8) fed exclusively with Buffel grass; 2) Umbu 1x (n = 8) fed with fruits once a week and 3) Umbu 3x (n = 8) fed with fruits for three times a week. The following parameters were evaluated: variation of body weight, faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproculture. Overall, the average consumption of Umbu fruits in natura was 1.48 kg/animal/day, which corresponded to 133.5 g daily dry matter intake (DMI/animal/day). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for any parameters evaluated. During the experimental period, the overall daily weight gain was variable between 108.75 to 116.70 g/animal/day and the average FEC was 436 eggs. In the present study, the goat kids supplemented with fresh umbu fruits showed a good productive performance, however the supplementation with umbu did not control the infestation of gastrointestinal nematodes in kids.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths infections in Dorper sheep in a semi-arid area of Kenya

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Ng'ang'a ◽  
N. Maingi ◽  
W.K. Munyua ◽  
P.W.N. Kanyari
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Dorper Sheep ◽  
Short Rains ◽  
Semi Arid

A survey on the prevalence and intensity of infection with gastrointestinal helminths of Dorper sheep in relation to age and weather factors was carried out on a ranch in Kajiado district, a semi-arid area of Kenya for a period of 13 months (May 1999 to May 2000). Faecal samples from lambs (3 months to 1 year), yearlings (1-2 years) and adult breeding ewes (2-4 years) were examined for helminth egg output and helminth genus composition at 3-week intervals. The results indicated that the prevalence of strongyle and tapeworms infections were highest for lambs, followed by the adult breeding ewes and then for the yearlings. In all age groups the proportions of infected animals were higher during the wet season than in the dry season for both nematodes and tapeworms. The mean strongyle egg counts were higher during the dry season for lambs, but were higher during the wet season for the other age groups. Mixed strongyle infections were detected, with Trichostrongylus (55 %), Haemonchus (28 %), Cooperia (10.5 %) and Oesophagostomum (6.5 %) being the most frequently encountered genera throughout the study period. The trends in strongyle faecal egg counts indicated the occurrence of hypobiosis, with resumption of development towards the end of the dry season and at the onset of the short rains in October and November. Self-cure was also observed in September and November in all age groups, although less frequently in lactating ewes. The prevalence and intensities of infection with gastrointestinal helminths in this area appeared to be influenced by the age of the host and weather factors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought propagation in an ensemble mean of large-scale hydrological models

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 8375-8424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Van Loon ◽  
M. H. J. Van Huijgevoort ◽  
H. A. J. Van Lanen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Drought Characteristics ◽  
Snow Season ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Hydrological drought is increasingly studied using large-scale models. It is, however, not sure whether large-scale models reproduce the development of hydrological drought correctly. The pressing question is: how well do large-scale models simulate the propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought? To answer this question, we evaluated the simulation of drought propagation in an ensemble mean of ten large-scale models, both land-surface models and global hydrological models, that were part of the model intercomparison project of WATCH (WaterMIP). For a selection of case study areas, we studied drought characteristics (number of droughts, duration, severity), drought propagation features (pooling, attenuation, lag, lengthening), and hydrological drought typology (classical rainfall deficit drought, rain-to-snow-season drought, wet-to-dry-season drought, cold snow season drought, warm snow season drought, composite drought). Drought characteristics simulated by large-scale models clearly reflected drought propagation, i.e. drought events became less and longer when moving through the hydrological cycle. However, more differentiation was expected between fast and slowly responding systems, with slowly responding systems having less and longer droughts in runoff than fast responding systems. This was not found using large-scale models. Drought propagation features were poorly reproduced by the large-scale models, because runoff reacted immediately to precipitation, in all case study areas. This fast reaction to precipitation, even in cold climates in winter and in semi-arid climates in summer, also greatly influenced the hydrological drought typology as identified by the large-scale models. In general, the large-scale models had the correct representation of drought types, but the percentages of occurrence had some important mismatches, e.g. an overestimation of classical rainfall deficit droughts, and an underestimation of wet-to-dry-season droughts and snow-related droughts. Furthermore, almost no composite droughts were simulated for slowly responding areas, while many multi-year drought events were expected in these systems. We conclude that drought propagation processes are reasonably well reproduced by the ensemble mean of large-scale models in contrasting catchments in Europe and that some challenges remain in catchments with cold and semi-arid climates and catchments with large storage in aquifers or lakes. Improvement of drought simulation in large-scale models should focus on a better representation of hydrological processes that are important for drought development, such as evapotranspiration, snow accumulation and melt, and especially storage. Besides the more explicit inclusion of storage (e.g. aquifers) in large-scale models, also parametrisation of storage processes requires attention, for example through a global scale dataset on aquifer characteristics.

scholarly journals Influence of tropical pastures on grazing behavior parameters of young lambs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalise Fabíola Tontini ◽  
Cesar Henrique Espírito Candal Poli ◽  
Viviane da Silva Hampel ◽  
Mariana de Souza Farias ◽  
Neuza Maria Fajardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Biting Rate

AbstractTropical sward characteristics can alter lamb ingestive behavior. Our study evaluated the ingestive behavior of young lambs in different tropical pastures to identify which variables interfere in their grazing activity. Two years of study were carried out with 54 weaned lambs distributed in three different swards: 1) monoculture of a upright grass, guinea grass (Panicum maximum; GG); 2) monoculture of a shrubby legume pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan; PP) and 3) contiguous areas with half the paddock with GG and half with PP (GP). The experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design. Lamb ingestive behavior was observed from sunrise to sunset with records every 5 minutes. To identify the main variables that affected with the lamb grazing activity, a multivariate analysis of the Decision Tree was performed. Our results showed that there was no difference in the ingestive behavior parameters of young lambs in different swards (P > 0.05). There was interaction among the swards and the experimental periods for the variables idleness time and biting rate (P ≤ 0.05). Grazing time of the animals increased 40% with experimental period progression. The Decision Tree identified leaf:stem ratio as the variable that most influenced lamb grazing time in GG and GP swards while in the PP sward grazing time was directly related to the pasture height. The behavior of young lambs on tropical pasture is variable as there is a change in the behavioral response over time. In addition, the grazing time of these animals can be estimated by means of variables related to pasture structural characteristics (leaf:stem ratio and height) together with chemical variables.

scholarly journals The Growth and Composition of Wool III. Variations in the Sulphur Content of Wool

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Different Levels

The sulphur content of wool was measured during experiments in which the nutritive status of sheep was altered by changes in the amount or composition of the diet. Three experiments were carried out, involving 13 sheep and five diets given at different levels of feeding. Wool grown on delineated areas was collected and its clean dry weight and sulphur content were determined. Wool growth rates varied between 0�3 and 1� 8 mg clean dry wool/cm2/day.

Dichrostachys cinerea and Acacia nilotica fruits as dry season feed supplements for goats in a semi-arid environment: Summary of a DFID funded project in Zimbabwe

2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Smith ◽  
V. Mlambo ◽  
J.L.N. Sikosana ◽  
V. Maphosa ◽  
I. Mueller-Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Environment ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Dichrostachys Cinerea ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Semi Arid
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