Nutritive value for lactating dairy cows of the pressed herbage remaining after the partial extraction of leaf juice

A series of six experiments compared the production of lactating dairy cows eating either fresh herbage or the pressed herbage remaining after the partial extraction of juice. Irrigated perennial pasture and irrigated lucerne (Medicago sativa) were used in different experiments. With forage-harvested pasture, extraction removed an average of 42.1 g of protein per kg dry matter (DM) of pasture processed. An average of 85% of the DM of the original fresh pasture was left as pressed pasture. The process lowered the in vitro digestibility, total nitrogen, and cell contents of the herbage, and raised the cell wall constituents. It also reduced herbage phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sodium, but increased herbage calcium slightly. The milk yield of cows fed an equivalent DM intake of pressed residue was, on average, 6% lower than the milk yield of cows fed fresh pasture. The responses shown by the milk constituents were inconsistent. With lucerne, extraction removed an average of 95.9 g of protein from each kg of fresh herbage and an average of 74% of the lucerne was left as pressed lucerne. This reduced the quality of the pressed residue as determined by in vitro digestibility (5%), Kjeldahl nitrogen (19%) and neutral detergent fibre (27%). However, there was no significant loss of production for cows on the pressed herbage, although there were small differences. It is concluded that lucerne would appear to have the greater potential for a leaf protein extraction industry in the irrigated areas of the Goulburn Valley of Victoria.

Download Full-text

Effect of Harvest Time and Microbial Anaerobic Fermentation at Ruminal Degradability, In Vitro Digestibility to Milk Production and Milk Quality for Whole Plant Zhang Hybrid Millet in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9100749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 749

Author(s):

Yujia Tian ◽

Xuewei Zhang ◽

Shengli Li ◽

Kai Liu ◽

Peng Guo

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Milk Quality ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

Alternative Feedstock

This study assessed whether harvest time and microbial anaerobic fermentation could affect ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of whole Zhang hybrid millet, and estimate the effect of microbial anaerobic fermented whole Zhang hybrid millet as feedstuff on milk yield and milk quality. Protein degradation and intestinal digestion were determined using in situ nylon bag technique and three-step in vitro method, respectively. Results showed that harvest time, microbial anaerobic fermentation, or their interaction significantly affected EDDM, EDCP, and EDNDF (p < 0.05). In vitro fermentation was significantly influenced by harvest time. Early harvested samples appeared to have higher Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and lower acetate: propionate ratio than late harvested ones (p < 0.01). However, significant effect of harvest time and fermentation was failed to find in the estimation of rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) (p > 0.05). Microbial anaerobic fermented whole Zhang hybrid millet as feedstuff provided similar milk compositions compared with controls, and it significantly reduced SCC (p = 0.04). Milk yield was numerically higher in whole Zhang hybrid millet groups. In conclusion, harvest time and microbial anaerobic fermentation could further improve ruminal utilization of whole Zhang hybrid millet. Whole Zhang hybrid millet could be an alternative feedstock for dairy cows with acceptable safety profile and potential benefit in milk production.

Download Full-text

Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of grass species in Spinifex pastures of Western Australia.

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj9880060 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

AM Holm ◽

RJ Allen

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Grass Species ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Gulf Region ◽

Plant Parts ◽

The Common ◽

Exmouth Gulf

This study was undertaken to assess whether the nutritional quality of spinifex pasture lands is improved by buming to promote the growth of grasses other than spinifex. We selected two comparable sites in the Exmouth Gulf region of Western Australia; one had been bumt in late 1979 and the other had not been burnt for many years. On these sites we sampled the five grass species present, as well as Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) and Plectrachne >chinzii (Oat eared spinifex) on 10 occasions from March 1980 to April 1982. Plant parts were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content, and in vitro digestibility. None of the common grass species tested was more nutritious or more palatable than soft spinifex. It seems that little is gained from manipulating spinifex pastures through burning if the aim is to encourage alternative grass species. There is a need however for further studies into the importance of woody herbs and forbs in the nutrition of grazing animals on spinifex country and the effect of fire on these species.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of milk quality from dairy cows fed maize (Zea mays) stover treated with chopped and mineralized groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and soybean (Glycine max) stover

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.1.0222 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 102-114

Author(s):

Chisowa DM ◽

Mpofu, I DT ◽

Daura MT ◽

Syampaku EM

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Arachis Hypogea ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Density Values ◽

Feeding Trials

This study evaluated the effect of upgrading the quality of maize stover (MS) on milk nutritive value. The study involved feeding MS improved using urea (U), chopped groundnut stover (cGS), chopped soybean stover (cSS), mineralized groundnut stover solution (mGS) and mineralized soybean stover solution (mSS) to lactating dairy cows. The feeding trial involved twelve (12) dairy cows in their second parity. Effect of supplementation with MS improved with U, cGS, cSS, mGS and mSS on milk quality was evaluated following on-station feeding trials. The study involved 22 factorial experiments within a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). Milk samples were analysed for protein, lactose, fat and solid not fat (SNF). Mean milk protein levels ranged from 3.52mg/ml to 3,73mg/ml (s.e=0.03) for milk from cows fed on MS improved using cGS and mGS respectively. Protein and Lactose were observed to be the least variable (3.64g/ml ±0.12, and 5.24g ±0.24 respectively). Average milk fat content was highest (4.78%, se=0.52) in milk from cows fed on UET treated MS and lowest (3.43%, se=0.52) in milk from cows fed on gGS protein based MS. Within legume type milk fat was higher(4.75%±1.99) in milk from cows fed on MS blended with mGS than that in milk from cows fed on MS improved with cGS (3.43%±1.99). Similar result was observed in milk fat from cows fed on MS improved with the use of soybean. Lactose in milk from cows fed on UET treated MS was highest (5.51g, se=0.061) and lowest (5.10g, se=0.061) in milk from cows fed on MS blended with cGS. Milk from cows fed on MS improved with mGS was higher (9.61p/cwt, se=0.14) in SNF and lowest (8.88p/cwt, se=0.14) in milk from cows fed on MS with cGS. The milk density values ranged from 32.65sg, se=0.53 for milk from cows fed on UET treated MS to 30.42sg, se=0.053 for milk from cows fed on MS blended with cGS. Milk components were higher when cows were fed on MS improved using mineralized legume stover solutions.

Download Full-text

The use of faecal Δ13C values to improve the reliability of estimates of diet quality when sampling tropical pastures with oesophageal fistulated cattle

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea97150 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. B. Coates

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Tropical Pastures ◽

Δ13c Values ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Aluminium Copper ◽

Apparent Relationship

Summary. The nutritive value of extrusa samples collected from oesophageal fistulated cattle can be an unreliable indicator of the quality of the diet of resident cattle grazing the same pasture. This is largely because the botanical composition of the extrusa from 15–30 min of grazing may differ from that of the whole diet of the resident cattle. A methodology is described whereby the reliability of some attributes of diet quality can be improved by correcting for differences between the C3/C4 proportions of extrusa samples and the dietary C3/C4 proportions of resident cattle derived from their faecal δ13C values. Examples from 23 paddock samplings covering 2 sites, 3 experiments and 6 sampling occasions, are used to illustrate the application of the methodology. Carbon ratios (δ13C) of the naturally occurring isotopes 12C and 13C were used as an index of legume (C3)/grass (C4) proportions in extrusa samples and in the diet of resident cattle assuming dietary δ13C = faecal δ13C + 1. Regression relationships were developed relating the nitrogen, mineral and digestibility levels of extrusa samples to extrusa δ13C values. Where appropriate, these relationships were then used to estimate the level of these attributes in the diet of resident cattle from their estimated dietary δ13C values. Nitrogen and calcium concentrations in extrusa were usually closely related to legume content (δ13C) so that adjustments were considered very advantageous with average RSDs of 0.08 and 0.09% for calcium and nitrogen respectively. Boron and sulfur concentrations were also related to legume content but only at 1 of 2 sites. There was no apparent relationship between legume content and the concentrations of aluminium, copper, magnesium, manganese, selenium, titanium and zinc at either site. In general, in vitro digestibility of extrusa samples was poorly related to legume content. The use of alkane technology is suggested as a more versatile alternative to the carbon ratio technique and the benefits and limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed briefly.

Download Full-text

Leaf protein production from energy willow leaves

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72127 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 155-162

Author(s):

Matti Näsi

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Leaf Protein ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Leaf Protein Concentrate ◽

The Mean ◽

True Protein ◽

Leaf Juice

The extraction of protein from leaves of two energy willow clones (Salic cv. Aquatica and S. viminalis) and the chemical composition and nutritive value of the leaf fractions were investigated in six experiments. The preservation of leaf juice and wet leaf protein concentrate (LPC) was also studied. The extraction of juice averaged 33 % of the fresh weight, and the extraction ratios of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were 10.5 % and 2.9 %. The percentages of juice DM, CP and TP (true protein) separated in LPC were 6 %, 21 % and 48 %, respectively. The separation values were higher when LPC was precipitated by heating than by acidification. Removal of nutrients from the leaves was low and there were only minor differences in composition between the pressed pulp and the leaves. The leaf juice contained 8.3 % DM, of which 20.9 % was ash, 4.9 % CP, 1.9 % TP and 43.2 % sugars. The LPC had an average DM content of 19.6 %, CP being 21.4 % and TP 19.5 % of DM. The in vitro digestibility and pepsin-HCI-solubility of the protein were low. The mean tannin content of the LPC averaged 3.6 % of DM. The mean lysine and methionine contents of the LPC were low, 3.3 and 1.5 g/16 g N, respectively. The preservation of the leaf juice was satisfactory even without addition of preservative. Preservation of wet LPC was good with additives used at the 1.0 % v/w level. Leaf protein extraction was low and the nutritive value of LPC was not particularly high. This may have been partly due to the late date of harvesting and to the fact that the leaves were frozen for storage.

Download Full-text

Effects of different amounts of crude glycerol supplementation on dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk quality of lactating dairy cows grazing on a Kikuyu grass pasture

Scientia Agropecuaria ◽

10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 491-497

Author(s):

Diana Marcela Valencia E ◽

Luis Alfonso Giraldo ◽

Alejandra Marin ◽

Yury Tatiana Granja Salcedo ◽

Telma Teresinha Berchielli

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crude Glycerol ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Kikuyu Grass

Download Full-text

Milk production of dairy cows grazing long or short kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), and with access to forage lupins (Lupinus luteus)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9880307 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RM Hughes ◽

AJE Royal ◽

JF Ayres

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Green Leaf ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽

South Wales ◽

June July

An experiment was undertaken at Wollongbar in subtropical New South Wales in which 48 dairy cows grazed long (1 200 kg/ha of dry green leaf) or short (800 kg/ha of dry green leaf) kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture and had access to forage lupins (Lupinus luteus cv. Weiko III) offered at 3 levels. There were 3 experimental periods in June, July-August and September, covering the dry winter-spring in successive years. Cows grazing long pasture produced more milk that was higher in protein content and lost less liveweight than did cows on short pasture (9.60 v. 8.01 L cow-1 day-l, 3.23 v. 3.09%, and -0.20 v. -0.75 kg cow-1 day-1 respectively). Cows with access to the highest rate of forage lupins produced an additional 1.4 L cow-1 day-1, the effect being greater in June (2.5 L cow-1 day-1) than in September (0.5 L cow-1 day-1). Access to lupins also improved liveweight maintenance through winter-spring. Pasture quality remained relatively constant throughout winter-spring but lupin quality declined from high nutritive value [70% in vitro digestibility (D). 48% cell wall constituents (CWC)] while vegetative in June, to low nutritive value (56% D, 56% CWC) at podding in September. The decline in milk production response in cows with access to lupins was associated with this progressive decline in lupin quality. It was concluded that lupins have high nutritive value at the vegetative stage and that when cows grazing kikuyu pasture are given access to it milk production can increase.

Download Full-text

Some compositional and health indicators of milk quality of dairy cows with higher milk yield at including of selected corn species into feeding ration

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856050171 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 171-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jan Pozdíšek ◽

Oto Hanuš ◽

Kateřina Vaculová ◽

František Mikyska ◽

Jaroslav Kopecký ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Control Group ◽

Wheat Group

Because of economical reasons the substitution of maize by feed corn as wheat (Sulamit) and triticale (Kitaro) was revolved in concentrate part of dairy cow feeding rations. The design of mentioned replacement in feeding rations was carried out according to results of previous research (Pozdíšek and Vaculová, 2008) for nutrition experiment. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the possible effects of corn replacement in cow feeding rations on milk composition and properties. The expressively different variants of corn were selected for experiment in comparison to maize (reference). Dairy cows were fed by total mixed ration on the basis of maize and clover silage and hay. Otherwise the identical day feeding rations among cow groups differed only in concentrate portions ((K, control group) maize 1.5 kg, wheat (P1) 2.0 kg and triticale (P2) 2.0 kg (experimental groups)). Group feeding rations 1 (K), 2 (P1) and 3 (P2) had: NEL/kg dry (DM) matter (6.524, 6.512 and 6.491); NL % in DM (17.9, 18.2 and 17.9); fibre % in DM (15.96, 15.74 and 15.72); PDIN/PDIE (1.189, 1.189 and 1.191). The experiment took six weeks, there were included 8, 9 and 9 cows (n = 26) of Czech Fleckvieh breed. Feed groups were well balanced in terms of milk yield, days in milk and number of lactation. The tie stable and pipeline milking equipment were used in experiment. Animals were milked twice a day and sampled at morning milking in intervals about seven days approximately. Cows were relatively healthy in terms of occurrence of milk secretion disorders. Within groups the individual milk samples (in total 182 in experiment) were aggregated into bulk samples (n = 21 = 3 groups × 7 sampling periods), which were analysed on 45 milk indicators, 18 of them were evaluated in this paper. The differences in milk yield were significantly advantageous for K group (15.32 > 14.07 (wheat) or 13.86 kg (triticale) at morning milking), while fat (3.27 < 3.47 or 3.44 %) was lower (P < 0.05). Lactose was not influenced. More important differences were in total dry matter, 12.09 (K) < 12.23 (P1) or 12.40 % (P2). While for wheat was not for triticale was similar effect observed in crude protein (CP) of milk (3.08 (K) or 3.05 (P1) < 3.23 % (P2)). Similar trend was also confirmed in casein (CAS; 2.43 or 2.44 < 2.55 %; from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001 for CP and CAS). There were insignificant differences between groups for casein number, pH acidity, electrical conductivity, Mg and Cu (P > 0.05). Milk specific weight was lowest in P1 (P < 0.01), but this indicator is practically less important. More expressive differences were in somatic cell count (SCC) in geometric mean 249 (P2) > 76 (K) or 72 103/ml (P1). Because of quite typical high SCC variability in triticale P2 group (in opposite to this low variability in K and P1 groups) it could be caused by chance in animal selection for groups and all values met the standard demand for extra quality of milk. Therefore, it is not necessary to over estimate this result. Milk urea as metabolical indicator was higher in wheat group, significantly (P < 0.05) versus triticale group (23.39 (P1) > 20.80 (K) and 20.50 mg / 100ml (P2), but all values lay in respected physiological range (from 20 to 30 mg / 100ml). In the Ca case it was significantly higher (P < 0.05 versus wheat) in triticale milk group by 5.7 and 4.0 % (1306 (P2) > 1231 (K) or 1253 (P1) mg / kg). This increase could be interested in terms of milk nutritive value, but not for routine milk payment. The levels of P and Fe in milk were higher in K versus experimental groups (P < 0.05). It is less interesting in terms of economy or nutrition. In general milk was a little different according to differences in corn portions of cow feeding rations and corn variant replacement. In terms of experiment the concrete corn replacement in concentrate portion of feeding ration could not have an essential impact on milk quality and it si possible to agree with such conception. However, the milk quality and yield were not overcome by replacement of maize by wheat (Sulamit) or triticale (Kitaro). At triticale the lower milk yield was compensated by higher levels of DM, fat, CP, CAS, Ca and also SCC as compared to maize and wheat. The used corn replacement variants were not expressively worse than maize.

Download Full-text

MILK YIELD POTENTIAL AND PEPSIN - CELLULASE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS USING ANKOM DAISYII INCUBATOR

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2016-07-808 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 547

Author(s):

Ondrej Pastierik ◽

Milan &#;imko ◽

Ondrej Hanu&#;ovský ◽

Miroslav Jurá&#;ek ◽

Branislav Gálik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Linear Regression Models

The aim of this study was to determined nutritive value of five hybrids varying in maturity sown to plots of experimental site located in southern Slovakia. Nutrient contents and digestibility parameters were obtained from samples of herbage or silages to estimate net energy of lactation (NEL) contents and milk yield (MY) potential based on in vivo digestibility of organic matter (DOM), pepsin-cellulase in vitro digestibility of OM (IVOMD) using Ankom DaisyII Incubator (Ankom Technology Corp., NY, USA), cellulase digestibility of OM (CDOMD), neutral detergent fiber (CDNDF) or in vitro digestible non starch carbohydrates (IVDNSC). Genotype effect accounted for differences in carbohydrates content and crude protein (CP). Linear regression models increased coefficient of determination (R2) when CDOMD and IVOMD were included to predict in vivo apparent digestibility NDF (NDFD) but RMSE were higher compared to DOM. Structural carbohydrate contents had mostly precise estimates but limited R2 as the predictors of DOM, NDFD and NEL in combination with in vitro digestibility determinants. There was negative relationship of IVOMD and DOM (r = - 0.72; p < 0.01) but positive as it comes to CDOMD (r = 0.81; p < 0.01). Equations based on CDOMD (E7), IVDNSC and CP (E8) and CDNDF and Starch (E9) were selected to predict NEL. Residuals of NEL (observed – predicted) ranged from – 0.57 to 0.41 MJ/kg. Mid-late hybrids had higher MY kg/ha and MY kg/Mg than early (FAO 340). E7 and E9 were sensitive to ADL content while E8 favored hybrids rich in Starch.

Download Full-text