Dimethoate and fenthion as packing line treatments for tomatoes against Dacus tryoni (Froggatt)

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Heather ◽  
PA Hargreaves ◽  
RJ Corcoran ◽  
KJ Melksham

Tomatoes were disinfested of Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni) by using dimethoate or fenthion applied as sprays during grading and packing. Concentrations of 400 mg/L of either insecticide applied through a high-volume recirculatory flood system delivering 16 L/min.m2 were used to treat fruit moving at a speed of 0.5 m/min, on conveyor brushes, so that fruit was flooded for 10 s and remained fully wetted for a further 1 min. Treatment efficacies of 100% against 30 000 eggs and 30 000 larvae were obtained. The treatments were equally effective when used in conjunction with post-treatment cooling to 12.5�C for 1 week. No tainting problems were detected. Residues of dimethoate (also omethoate for selected samples) and fenthion in treated fruit were found to be less than the Australian Maximum Residue Limits for tomatoes at all times; methods for determination of fenthion and omethoate residues are described. These disinfestation treatments have advantages of automation and efficiency compared with previously proven dip treatments.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. M. Mahugija ◽  
Farhat A. Khamis ◽  
Esther H. J. Lugwisha

This study investigated the levels of pesticides and metabolites in vegetables from major markets in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. Samples of fresh cabbage, spinach, and onions from the markets were analysed for pesticide residues. Extraction was performed using acetone followed by dichloromethane : cyclohexane mixture and the extracts were cleaned up using Florisil. The compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pesticides and metabolites were detected in 72.2% of the samples. The detected pesticide residues and their highest mean concentrations were p,p′-DDT 4.00 × 10−3 mg/kg, p,p′-DDD 6.40 × 10−1 mg/kg, o,p′-DDD 1.00 × 10−2 mg/kg, α-endosulfan 6.00 × 10−1 mg/kg, β-endosulfan 2.10 × 10−1 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos 3.00 mg/kg, and cypermethrin 4.00 × 10−2 mg/kg. The most frequently detected compounds were p,p′-DDD and chlorpyrifos. The order of contamination was spinach > cabbage > onions. Generally, there were no significant variations in concentrations of pesticide residues among samples and sampling sites, which indicated similarities in contamination patterns. The concentrations of contaminants were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 33.3–50% of the samples. The findings indicated risks and concerns for public health.


2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Xiuqi Lyu ◽  
Jun Takahashi ◽  
Yi Wan ◽  
Isamu Ohsawa

Chopped carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic material is specifically developed for the high-volume production of lightweight automobiles. With excellent design processability and flexibility, the carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic material is manufactured by compressing large amounts of randomly oriented, pre-impregnated unidirectional tapes in a plane. Therefore, the carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic material presents transversely isotropic properties. Transverse shear effect along the thickness direction of carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic beam has a distinct influence on its flexural deformation. Accordingly, the Timoshenko beam theory combined with vibration frequencies was proposed to determine the set of transverse flexural and shear moduli. Meanwhile, the transverse flexural and shear moduli of carbon fiber tape-reinforced thermoplastic beam were finally determined by fitting all the first seven measured and calculated eigenfrequencies with the least squares criterion. In addition, the suggested thickness to length ratio for the 3-point bending test and Euler–Bernoulli model was given.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
A.J. Al-Rajab ◽  
A.M. Alhababy ◽  
T. Alfaifi

SummaryQat leaves are chewed on a daily basis by approximately 10 million inhabitants of different countries. This study investigated the persistence of three insecticides most used in qat production, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl. These chemicals were applied separately on plots of ten qat trees each at the recommended application rates. Samples of qat leaves were collected separately at time 0 (1 h post-treatment) and 1, 3, 7, 12, 19, 26 and 37 days after application. The residues of the investigated pesticides were extracted and then quantified by liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). The half-lives of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl were 12.2, 11.7, and 5.1 days, respectively. Overall, our findings showed that imidacloprid and acetamiprid were more persistent than methomyl in qat leaves. Taking into account the maximum residue limits (MRL) in lettuce, due to lack of MRL in qat leaves, the residue concentrations were below MRL for imidacloprid 7 days after application, and 1 day after application for acetamiprid and methomyl.


Author(s):  
А.А. ГРЯЗНОВ ◽  
Ю.А. ЛЕТЯГО ◽  
О.А. ГРЯЗНОВА ◽  
Р.И. БЕЛКИНА

Исследовано влияние добавки микроводоросли спирулины в рецептуру хлеба из пшеничной муки, обогащенного обойной мукой из зерна ячменя сортов Гранал 32 и Нудум 95 и тритикале сорта Цекад 90, на показатели его качества. Размолотую до порошкообразного состояния спирулину в количестве 0,5 к массе муки вносили при замесе теста в три опытных образца: пшеничный хлеб, хлеб Гранал и Ясень , рецептуры которых были разработаны ранее. В качестве контрольного образца был хлеб из пшеничной муки высшего сорта без добавок. Лабораторную выпечку образцов хлеба проводили в соответствии с методикой госкомиссии по сортоиспытанию на лабораторном хлебопекарном оборудовании. В результате определения органолептических и физико-химических показателей качества готовой продукции установлено, что добавка спирулины к пшеничной муке повышает пористость мякиша хлеба и увеличивает его объем до 546 см3, что на 18 см3 больше, чем в контрольном образце. Достаточно высокий объем 494 см3 имел образец хлеба, в рецептуру которого входит ячменная мука с добавлением спирулины. Внесение спирулины в рецептуру существенно не повлияло на показатели влажности (4346) и кислотности хлеба, которые в опытных образцах соответствуют нормативам ГОСТ 2698786 на хлеб из пшеничной муки. Самую высокую общую оценку 4,2 балла по пятибалльной шкале получил образец хлеба с добавлением к пшеничной муке порошка спирулины. The effect of the addition of spirulina microalgae in the formulation of bread from wheat flour enriched with wholemeal flour from barley grain varieties Granal 32 and Nudum 95 and triticale varieties Tsekad 90, on the indicators of its quality has been studied. Spirulina ground to a powdered state in an amount of 0,5 by weight of flour was introduced when kneading the dough into the formulations of three samples: wheat bread, bread Granal and Yasen , the formulations of which were developed earlier. Bread from wheat flour of the highest grade without additives was as a control sample. Laboratory baking of bread samples was carried out in accordance with the methodology of the state Commission for variety testing on laboratory baking equipment. As a result of the determination of organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of the quality of the finished product, it was found that the addition of spirulina to wheat flour increases the porosity of the bread crumb and increases its volume to 546 cm3, which is 18 cm3 more than in the control sample. A sample of bread, the formulation of which includes barley flour with the addition of spirulina, had a sufficiently high volume 494 cm3. Adding spirulina to the formulation did not significantly affect the moisture content (4346) and acidity of bread, which in the prototypes correspond to the standards of GOST 2698786 for bread made of wheat flour. A sample of bread with spirulina powder added to wheat flour had the highest overall score 4б2 points on a five-point scale.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Pietro E. Vicari ◽  
Esther S. Chang ◽  
André L. P. Perondini ◽  
Denise Selivon

In genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera and Ceratitis of the tephritid fruit flies the auto-regulatory function of gene transformer is assumed to be activated by maternal derived mRNA or the proteins of the gene transformer (tra-2 mat) and transformer-2 (tra-2mat). However, this maternal effect was not yet been demonstrated. The objective of the present study was to test the effect of absence of tra-2mat in the eggs on the sex determination of A. sp.1 affinis fraterculus. This was achieved by silencing gene tra-2 in the parental females via the pRNA interference. The data showed that tra-2 was transiently silenced in the female for three weeks period. The progenies sex ratio produced by these females during the silencing of tra-2 depart from 1:1 in favor of males. The excess of males was due to the transformation of a fraction of genotypical female XX embryos into XX males, the so-called pseudomales, Individual F1 males from the offspring of treated females crossed to females from the stock, revealed that majority of them showed regular mating behavior and were fertile. However, no offspring was produced in the crosses by a fraction of males that have produced sperms, showed regular mating behavior but did not transfer sperms to the females. The data allow the conclusion that the absence of tra-2mat in the eggs had impaired the self-regulation of the embryonic gene tra resulting in the transformation of XX embryos into pseudomales and also that these pseudomales are sterile. This effect may be useful improve more sustainable technologies for fruit fly control such as SIT.


Author(s):  
Daniel Rodríguez Muñoz ◽  
Kyriakos Yiangou ◽  
José Luis Zamorano

The prevalence of mitral regurgitation (MR) is increasing in Western countries, which results in making it the second most frequent valvular heart disease requiring surgery. MR can be classified as primary (organic) or secondary (functional). Causes of primary MR consist of leaflet lesions, either degenerative changes (Barlow’s disease, fibroelastic degeneration, and annular calcification), rheumatic disease, or infective endocarditis. Causes of secondary MR consist of those that produce geometrical distortion of the subvalvular apparatus due to dilatation and remodelling of the left ventricle such as ischaemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies. The implementation of mitral valve repair as well as the rise of new transcatheter techniques, provided that are performed in experienced, high volume centres with the contribution of a valvular heart team, have impressively changed the prognosis of patients with severe MR. This has set new frontiers in the management of MR and has upgraded the role of imaging, creating new responsibilities, since its presence in every step of the procedure either preoperatively (quantification of MR, determination of the underlying mechanisms, investigation of reparability, determination of prognosis) or intra- and postoperatively, has been declared as fundamental.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Waheed Ul Hamid ◽  
Faiz Rasool

Introduction: Facial profile improvement is goal of cotemporary orthodontics and a reason to seek orthodontic therapy. The soft tissue profile plays a important role on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between positive clinical VTO and actual post-treatment soft tissue profile after phase l therapy of growth modification in Class II. Materials & Method: Pretreatment simulation of post-treatment and actual post-treatment profile photographs of 30 class ll div l patients treated with twin block appliance were compared. Three profile photographs of each subject; pretreatment, positive clinical VTO and post-treatment were taken and on each photograph four angles; Nasofacial (NF), Nasomental (NM), Mentocervical (MC) and Nasolabial (NL) were drawn and measured. Mean, standard deviation, success and coefficient of determination of each angle was measured and linear regressions analysis was applied to find out the correlation. Result: Nasolabial and nasomental angles showed greater success i.e. 81.4% and 68.1% respectively showing greater correlation, while nasofacial and mentocervical angles showed less success i.e. 48.1% and 48.3% respectively showing less correlation. Linear regression analysis revealed that positive clinical VTO significantly predicted post-treatment profile whereas coefficient of determination for nasomental and mentocervical angles was 76.5% and 60% representing a better goodness of fit while nasolabial and nasofacial angles was 53.6% and 51.6% demonstrating poor fit of regression lines. Conclusion: Even though there is improved facial profile obtained by protracting the mandible into class l relation in a chair side maneuver in class ll div l malocclusions, yet the orthodontist should be tentative when predicting the outcome of growth modification to get benefit of this therapy.


1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
KJ Melksham ◽  
HE Munro

Residual 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) was measured in mango, capsicum, passionfruit and papaw following treatment with biologically effective levels of EDB. Post-fumigation forcedairing periods, storage conditions and times of storage were varied. The duration of the forced-airing period after fumigation had no significant effect on the rate of dissipation of EDB from mango. Fumigated mango required storage at 21� for at least 3 days before EDB levels fell to the maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.1 mg/kg. Cool storage of mango extended the time required for the EDB level to fall to the MRL to at least 6 days. Fumigated capsicum stored at 21�C required 2 days for EDB levels to fall to the MRL while, with fumigated papaw, this took at least 4 days. Even after storage for 7 days, EDB levels in fumigated passionfruit exceeded the MRL so the fumigation procedure was unsuitable for use with passionfruit. A kinetic model was proposed which explained the behaviour of EDB in the various trials and in other literature reports. All samples were analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (X-RF) and many results were confirmed more specifically and more sensitively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparison ofresults by these two methods, including the results of samples spiked with low levels of EDB, helped remove doubts about the suitability of X-RF for the determination of residual EDB.


1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kvalvåg ◽  
Daniel E Ott ◽  
Francis A Gunther

Abstract Specific parts of the worker environment in an orange grove that had been sprayed with azinphos methyl formulation were tested for azinphos methyl oxon. Extracts of soil surface dusts and dislodgeable residues from orange leaf surfaces were prepared and analyzed by liquid chromatographic procedures incorporating an ultraviolet absorption detector primarily for quantitation and an on-stream chemical reaction detector primarily for confirmation. Azinphos methyl oxon residues were found in both types of samples collected 3–59 days after spraying. Foliar dislodgeable residues of the oxon ranged from a high of 0.057 μg/sq cm of leaf surface on the 17th day to a low of 0.014 μg/sq cm on the 59th day for trees treated with a low-volume spray. The corresponding range in soil dust samples was 5.2 μg/g (ppm) of dust on the 10th day to 1.4 μg/g on the 59th day. Values were 9.7 and 2.7 μg/g, respectively, for samples from under trees similarly treated with a high-volume spray.


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