The effect of oral administration of methionine, bentonite, methionine/bentonite and methionine/oil homogenates on wool production of grazing and penned sheep in a semi-arid tropical environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Cobon ◽  
RGA Stephenson ◽  
PS Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Semi Arid

Penned and grazing sheep were supplemented in 3 experiments with either methionine (Me 2.5 g/sheep.day), bentonite (Bent 5 or 10 g), Me + Bent (1 : 2 and 1 : 4) or Me/oil homogenates. These supplements were added to the drinking water or in molasses-based licks for treatment periods of 4-6 weeks duration. The effects of supplements on wool growth, liveweight, and ammonia concentration in rumen liquor were determined. In experiment 1, penned sheep fed a maintenance diet (750 g/sheep.day) of pelleted lucerne and supplemented via the drinking water, showed increased (P<0.05) mean wool growth for the 4 treatment periods of 31% (Me + bent), 16% (Bent), 18% (Me/tallow) and 21% (Me). Factorial analysis revealed main effects of 12% for bentonite (P<0.05) and 17% for Me (P<0.01) supplements. In experiment 2, grazing sheep supplemented via the drinking water, increased (P<0.01) wool growth over 5 treatment periods by up to 32% (Me + bent), 15% (Bent), 20% (Me) and 26% (Me/oil). In experiment 3, penned sheep fed a maintenance diet of pelleted lucerne were supplemented with molasses licks containing Me, Bent, or Me + bent, mixed using either artesian bore water or rain water. No individual treatment effect on wool growth was recorded. However, factorial analysis revealed an 18% wool growth advantage (P<0.05) for bentonite supplements mixed in artesian bore water. Treatment had no consistent effect on liveweight of sheep or level of ammonia in rumen liquor. Responses in wool production to supplements were greatest when rumen ammonia values were >5 mg%. Considerable variation in apparent wool response occurred between treatments and treatment periods for both bentonite and methionine supplements. The greatest responses to methionine supplements occurred in experiments 1 and 2 when basal wool production in the control treatments was lowest. The homogenisation procedures used to prepare Me/oil supplements, did not demonstrate any consistent advantages in terms of extra wool response.

Supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble pastures

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Butler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Wheat Stubble

A field trial was conducted in the Wimmera region of Victoria to investigate the effect of several supplements on 4-year-old Merino wethers grazing a weed-free wheat stubble for 3 months, The four treatments were: a control (no supplement), urea/molasses block, 100 g/head day-1 of lupin grain, and 2 g urea plus 0.5 g Na2SO4 l-1 in the drinking water. Twenty sheep per treatment were used, and liveweight change and wool growth were measured. Although all groups lost weight, the lupin group lost only 0.5 kg per head over the 3 months of the trial, and was 3.8 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group, while the urea/molasses group was 2.2 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group. There was no effect of the urea plus sulfur supplement in the drinking water on liveweight or wool production. The urea/molasses block did not affect wool production but lupin grain stimulated wool production by 0.08 kg (P <0.05). The sheep were weighed and shorn four and a half months after the trial (August), during which time all groups grazed together on green feed. The experimental liveweight differences had disappeared, apparently due to compensatory growth. In addition, a digestibility trial was conducted in an attempt to explain some of the field results. The treatments were designed to simulate those used in the field. Lupin grain stimulated intake by 129 g day-1 (P <0.05) but had no effect on apparent digestibility of straw. The treatment simulating the urea/ molasses block (urea plus sulfur plus sucrose in the drinking water) stimulated intake by 159 g day-l (P <0.05) and tended to increase digestibility (P > 0.05). It was concluded that supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble is unlikely to be an economic farm practice.

scholarly journals Removal of radio N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from drinking water by coagulation and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) adsorption

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chung ◽  
Y. Yoon ◽  
M. Kim ◽  
S.-B. Lee ◽  
H.-J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Treatment Processes

Abstract. The presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water supplies has raised concern over its removal by common drinking water treatment processes. A simple detection method based on scintillation spectroscopy has been used to quantify the concentration of 14C-labeled NDMA at various ratios of sample to scintillation liquid. Without sample pretreatment, the method detection limits are 0.91, 0.98, 1.23, and 1.45 ng/L of NDMA at scintillation intensity ratios of 10:10, 5:15, 15:5, and 2.5:17.5 (sample: scintillation liquid), respectively. The scintillation intensity in all cases is linear (R2>0.99) and is in the range of 0 to 100 ng/L of NDMA. In addition, because scintillation intensity is independent of solution pH, conductivity, and background electrolyte ion types, a separate calibration curve is unnecessary for NDMA samples at different solution conditions. Bench-scale experiments were performed to simulate individual treatment processes, which include coagulation and adsorption by powdered activated carbon (PAC), as used in a drinking water treatment plant, and biosorption, a technique used in biological treatment of waste water. The commonly used coagulation process for particulate control and biosorption is ineffective for removing NDMA (<10% by coagulation and <20% by biosorption). However, high doses of PAC may be applied to remove NDMA.

scholarly journals Hydraulic modelling of drinking water treatment plant operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
G. I. M. Worm ◽  
G. A. M. Mesman ◽  
K. M. van Schagen ◽  
K. J. Borger ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Graphic User Interface ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract. For a drinking water treatment plant simulation, water quality models, a hydraulic model, a process-control model, an object model, data management, training and decision-support features and a graphic user interface have been integrated. The integration of a hydraulic model in the simulator is necessary to correctly determine the division of flows over the plant's lanes and, thus, the flow through the individual treatment units, based on valve positions and pump speeds. The flow through a unit is one of the most important parameters in terms of a unit's effectiveness. In the present paper, a new EPAnet library is presented with the typical hydraulic elements for drinking water treatment processes. Using this library, a hydraulic model was set up and validated for the drinking water treatment plant Harderbroek.

scholarly journals INTENSIFICATION OF IRON REMOVING OF LOW ALKALINE GROUNDWATER

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Serhii Martynov ◽  
Alla Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Iron Removal ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Rural Settlements

The problem of providing humanity with quality drinking water is exacerbated in the modern world. According to international organizations, a half of the world's population by 2025 will live in areas with significant water shortages. The sufficient standard of living and environmental safety is one of the citizens’ rights defined by the main law of Ukraine, which provides for the provision of quality drinking water in the required amounts and in accordance with established standards for the quality of drinking water. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has approved the concept of the state target social program "Drinking Water of Ukraine" for 2022-2026 for this purpose. The unsatisfactory state of water quality in Ukraine is associated with moral and physical depreciation of main resources, underfunding of water supply and sewerage industry. The situation is complicated by the lack of qualified personnel in rural areas. A large part of the inhabitants’ rural settlements use groundwater aquifers for their drinking purposes, which often contain excessive concentrations of total iron. The water treatment facilities were built according to standard designs using non-reagent methods for water iron removal in small settlements. The practice of individual treatment plants operation has shown their low efficiency, due to the unreasonable use of such methods. The improvement of existing water treatment schemes should be carried out taking into account the peculiarities of the physicochemical composition of water and the use of existing water treatment equipment. The purpose of the work is to improve the technological scheme of water iron removal and improve the quality of the filtrate. It is established that the reason for the unsatisfactory operation of treatment plants is due to the low alkalinity of groundwater. The rational types of alkalizing reagents and their calculated doses are substantiated by the results of experimental studies, the dependences of changes in the hydrogen index on the type and dose of reagents, residual alkalinity of water, the efficiency of water iron removal.

Studies of wool growth responses to 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid, Alimet, an analogue of methionine

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
RGA Stephenson ◽  
GR Suter ◽  
DA Pritchard ◽  
MDJ Martin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Dry Seasons

An analogue of DL-methionine, Alimet, was evaluated for its commercial potential for increasing wool growth in Merino sheep in pen and grazing experiments. This was done by administering Alimet as a drench, in drinking water, or via rumen or abomasal fistula, and measuring wool growth rate and plasma methionine concentrations. In vivo data indicated that significant wool growth responses (23-35%) to Alimet as a drench or in drinking water occurred at low rates (estimated 5-6 g/sheep.day) of basal wool production when sheep were fed a lucerne diet to maintain liveweight. At higher rates of clean wool growth (10-12 g/sheep.day) when sheep were eating above-maintenance diets (lucerne ration or pasture), Alimet treatment was associated with variable and reduced response. A significant (P<0.05) negative correlation (r2 = 0.699, n = 11) between wool growth responses (x � s.d. = 0.11 � 0.067) to the 3 mL dose rate of Alimet and wool growth in control treatments (y �: s.d. = 0.70 � 0.202) confirmed the above trend. Four hours after administration of Alimet via either rumen or abomasal fistula, comparative plasma concentrations of methionine, 28 and 168 �mol/L respectively, suggest that Alimet is susceptible to degradation in the rumen. The corresponding values for DL-methionine, via either rumen or abomasal fistula, were 64 and 350 �mol/L, respectively. The small rises (40%) in plasma methionine values associated with significant increases in wool production indicate that a dose of 3 mL is as effective as 4 mL of Alimet when the basal nutritional regime is limiting. While administration of Alimet in drinking water during dry seasons is possible, the profitability of supplementation would need to be tested further.

Early weaning of grazing sheep. 2. Performance of ewes

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (79) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Corbett ◽  
EP Furnival
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Fleece Weight

Two similar groups of Corriedale ewes were formed from a flock of 231. These were grazed on separate phalaris (Phalaris tuberosa) pasture at 8.6 or 17.3 ewes ha-1, respectively high and low nutritional planes, from seven weeks before their first lambing in spring 1968 until after their second lambing. Within each group the 1968 lambs were weaned by removal to other pastures at six or 12 weeks of age, or were left unweaned for 21 or 29 weeks in the high and low planes respectively. Birth weights in 1968 did not differ between planes, and for all ewes an increase of 1 kg in lamb birthweight was associated with a reduction in clean wool production during the last seven weeks of pregnancy of 0.22 � 0.11 g d-1. Pregnancy appeared to reduce by about one half the expression of genotypic differences between sheep in wool producing ability, and reduced 12 months clean fleece weight by about 5 per cent. Low plane ewes produced significantly less milk containing less solids. Liveweight gains and rates of wool growth were reduced by lactation and increased after weaning, wool growth the more slowly. Both rates of recovery were less in the low plane where, unlike the high plane, lactation appeared to reduce expression of genotypic differences in wool production. Clean fleece weights were reduced by about 5 and 10 per cent by lactations of respectively six weeks and five months duration. At subsequent joining a smaller proportion of the low compared with high plane ewes was marked by the ram and of these a smaller proportion produced lambs. Within the low plane, the longer the preceding lactation the lower the liveweight at second joining and lambing, and the lower the mating and lambing percentages. The results indicated that when there was a shortage of feed at and after lambing the performance of ewes would be improved by weaning their lambs at about six weeks. Ewe liveweights were consistently greater after six week weaning than after later weaning, a result confirmed in other experiments on weaning within fixed total areas of pasture.

Efficiency of wool production of grazing sheep. 4. Forage intake and its relationship to wool production

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Langlands ◽  
GE Donald
Keyword(s):  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Grazing Sheep

Relationships between the quantity of forage consumed, and the wool growth of penned and grazing sheep, were examined in two experiments. Wool production was proportional to intake over the range of intakes examined.

Efficiency of wool production of grazing sheep. 3. The use of sulphur-containing amino acids to stimulate wool growth

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Langlands
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Native Pastures

Merino sheep grazing native and improved pastures were given up to 2.2 g DL-methionine each day through an abomasal cannula. Wool growth of sheep grazing improved and native pastures was increased significantly by up to 30 and 41 per cent respectively. Nine sheep with abomasal camulae were maintained in pens, and were infused into the abomasum with 7 g DL-methionine per week given on either one, two, or seven days each week. Wool growth was significantly increased by daily infusions of DL-methionine but the response was less when the methionine was given on only one or two days each week. Dorset Horn wethers were given single injections of up to 50 g DL-methionine or L-cystine subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity. The rate of excretion of urinary sulphur was recorded following the injection. DL-methionine was rapidly excreted but L-cystine was excreted more slowly. In a series of trials quantities of DL-methionine, methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) or L-cystine were injected subcutaneously or intra-peritoneally into grazing Merino sheep. DL-methionine did not increase wool growth and MHA was toxic. Twenty-eight g L-cystine given as two compressed pellets each month into the peritoneal cavity increased wool growth by approximately 22 per cent over the 8-week experim6ntal period.

Evaluation of feed additives for increasing wool production from Merino sheep. 1. Lasalocid, avoparcin and flavomycin included in lucerne-based pellets or oaten chaff fed at maintenance

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Aitchison ◽  
IG Ralph ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pelleted Diet

Three feed additives were studied for their potential to improve wool growth in sheep fed 2 diets; oaten chaff, or a pelleted mixture (g/kg) of lucerne (590), lupins (250), barley (1 50) and a mineral and vitamin mix (10). Additives were included with each diet as follows (mg/kg feed): avoparcin 25,50,75; flavomycin 5, 15, 30; lasalocid 30, 50, 70. Diets were fed at maintenance to mature Merino wethers for 9 weeks, and measurements were made of wool growth and rumen fermentation characteristics. Animals fed the pelleted diet grew more wool than those fed the chaff diet (6.3 compared with 5.1 g/m2.day, P<0.001), but none of the additives resulted in any significant differences in wool growth compared with the controls. The additives avoparcin and lasalocid increased the ratio of the volatile fatty acids propionate:acetate in animals eating both of the diets (P< 0.001), but flavomycin had no significant effect. Rumen ammonia concentration was increased with avoparcin on both diets (P< 0.001) and with lasalocid and flavomycin on the pelleted diet ( P < 0.05). None of the additives tested significantly influenced liveweight change in comparison with the control groups.

scholarly journals Solar-assisted membrane technology for water purification: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegahun Mekonnen Zewdie ◽  
Nigus Gabbiye Habtu ◽  
Abhishek Dutta ◽  
Bart Van der Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract A shortage of safe drinking water is one of the leading problems in the world. Even in developed countries where water treatment systems are present, safe drinking water may not be always available due to the limitations of advanced water treatment techniques and high energy costs. On the other hand, many rural communities in Asia and Africa situated in semi-arid to arid regions are without reliable access to clean drinking water. It is, therefore, important to explore how solar energy can be linked to water treatment systems for clean drinking water production. Membrane-based water purification technologies play a major role in water purification by utilization of low-cost heat sources to make the process economically and technically viable for small, medium, and large-scale applications. Solar energy can be a viable source of power for water purification facilities in the coming years. Photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors are appropriate solar energy collectors for making a solar-powered water treatment system. Solar-assisted membrane-based water purification techniques could have a viable solution to the existing problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Due to the high quality of potable water demand, studies have been carried out on solar-assisted membrane-based technologies in water purification. This review considers basic concepts, specific energy consumption, water production cost, and applications of solar-driven membrane-based water purification technologies such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, and hybrid membrane systems. This review will allow the researchers to have a wider overview of the effort made by several investigators in the area of solar-assisted membrane-based water purification technology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document