Management of fertiliser nitrogen in dry-seeded, delayed-flood rice

Approaches taken in management of fertiliser nitrogen (N) in dry-seeded, delayed-flood rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the United States of America vary considerably. A 2-year study was conducted in Louisiana to evaluate N fertiliser efficiency and accumulation when applied in single or multiple applications. The cultivars Lemont and Tebonnet, representing semi-dwarf and conventional tall plant types, respectively, were grown on a Crowley silt loam (Typic Albaqualfs soil). Urea N was applied using 1 of 3 strategies: in a single (1-way) preflood (PF) application of 134 kg Nlha; in a 2-way split consisting of 100 kg N/ha PF and 34 kg N/ha at panicle initiation (PI); or in a 3-way split consisting of 66 kg N/ha PF, 34 kg N/ha at PI, and 34 kg N/ha at panicle differentiation. Microplots were established within each whole plot and fertilised with 2 atom% 15N urea. Fertiliser N application time had no influence on plant accumulation of 15N urea or biomass production. Plant accumulation of 15N urea was significant across year and cultivar. Tebonnet accumulated more 15N urea than Lemont. Accumulation was also significantly higher in 1992. Method of application of fertiliser N significantly affected grain yields. The highest average grain yield of 7905 kg/ha occurred with a single PF application. Yields were reduced by 378 kg/ha with a 2-way split application and by 1074 kg/ha with a 3-way split application. Method of application of main crop fertiliser N had no effect on ratoon crop yields. Total grain yield (main + ratoon) was significantly reduced with the 3-way split. This study demonstrates the importance of supplying adequate N to the rice plant before permanent flood establishment. It also suggests that midseason N applied at specific growth stages is less efficiently utilised, especially when insufficient N is applied at PF.

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Weather During Key Growth Stages Explains Grain Quality and Yield of Maize

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9010016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carrie J. Butts-Wilmsmeyer ◽

Juliann R. Seebauer ◽

Lee Singleton ◽

Frederick E. Below

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Principal Component ◽

The United States ◽

Soil Water Storage ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Compositional Quality ◽

Large Geographical Region

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and compositional quality are interrelated and are highly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, total precipitation, and soil water storage. Our aim was to develop a regression model to account for this relationship among grain yield and compositional quality traits across a large geographical region. Three key growth periods were used to develop algorithms based on the week of emergence, the week of 50% silking, and the week of maturity that enabled collection and modeling of the effect of weather and climatic variables across the major maize growing region of the United States. Principal component analysis (PCA), stepwise linear regression models, and hierarchical clustering analyses were used to evaluate the multivariate relationship between weather, grain quality, and yield. Two PCAs were found that could identify superior grain compositional quality as a result of ideal environmental factors as opposed to low-yielding conditions. Above-average grain protein and oil levels were favored by less nitrogen leaching during early vegetative growth and higher temperatures at flowering, while greater oil than protein concentrations resulted from lower temperatures during flowering and grain fill. Water availability during flowering and grain fill was highly explanatory of grain yield and compositional quality.

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Effect of uneven emergence on rice yield, milling yield, and yield components

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9940949 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 949 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KA Gravois ◽

RS Helms

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Management Practices ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

The United States ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Rice Yields ◽

High Yields ◽

Milling Yield

Establishing a uniform rice (Oryza sativa L.) stand is an important beginning to managing a rice crop and attaining high yields. Most rice management practices in the United States are timed according to rice growth stages. Non-uniform rice stands, and subsequently non-uniform growth stages, present problems for the timely application of management practices for attaining high yields. Our objective was the determination of the effects of uneven emergence on rice yield, milling yield, and yield components. Experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 on a Hebert silt loam (Vertic Hapludoll) at the Southeast Branch Experiment Station near Rohwer, Arkansas. Uneven emergence was simulated by delayed (18 days from emergence) interseeding of rice to achieve 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% uneven emergence. Each experiment was planted with the cultivars Lemont (semi-dwarf) and Tebonnet (tall) and was replicated 4 times. Rice yields for the uneven emergence treatment levels were significantly less than the rice yields seeded exclusively at PD1 (planting date 1), except for the uneven emergence levels 80-20 (80% planted at PD1 and 20% planted at PD2) and 60-40 for Tebonnet, and 60-40 in 1988 for Lemont. In 1989, there was a trend for head rice yields to decrease as uneven emergence levels increased. Average panicle density and number of grains per panicle for both Lemont and Tebonnet decreased with increasing uneven emergence, indicating a failure in the typical compensatory relationship between panicle density and grain per panicle. Lemont exhibited reduced average grain weights due to uneven emergence, especially at 80-20, 60-40, and 40-60 uneven emergence levels. Harvest indices were higher for PD1 than for PD2, except at 20-80 uneven emergence level. Essentially, the later emerging rice from the second planting acted much like a weed by competing against rather than contributing to rice yields. Late interseeding to enhance poor rice stands is unlikely to produce an economic return that could be expected from an adequate initial plant stand.

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Canopy Hyperspectral Sensing of Paddy Fields at the Booting Stage and PLS Regression can Assess Grain Yield

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs10081249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1249 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kensuke Kawamura ◽

Hiroshi Ikeura ◽

Sengthong Phongchanmaixay ◽

Phanthasin Khanthavong

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Pls Regression ◽

Booting Stage

Canopy hyperspectral (HS) sensing is a promising tool for estimating rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. However, the timing of HS measurements is crucial for assessing grain yield prior to harvest because rice growth stages strongly influence the sensitivity to different wavelengths and the evaluation performance. To clarify the optimum growth stage for HS sensing-based yield assessments, the grain yield of paddy fields during the reproductive phase to the ripening phase was evaluated from field HS data in conjunction with iterative stepwise elimination partial least squares (ISE-PLS) regression. The field experiments involved three different transplanting dates (12 July, 26 July, and 9 August) in 2017 for six cultivars with three replicates (n = 3 × 6 × 3 = 54). Field HS measurements were performed on 2 October 2017, during the panicle initiation, booting, and ripening growth stages. The predictive accuracy of ISE-PLS was compared with that of the standard full-spectrum PLS (FS-PLS) via coefficient of determination (R2) values and root mean squared errors of cross-validation (RMSECV), and the robustness was evaluated by the residual predictive deviation (RPD). Compared with the FS-PLS models, the ISE-PLS models exhibited higher R2 values and lower RMSECV values for all data sets. Overall, the highest R2 values and the lowest RMSECV values were obtained from the ISE-PLS model at the booting stage (R2 = 0.873, RMSECV = 22.903); the RPD was >2.4. Selected HS wavebands in the ISE-PLS model were identified in the red-edge (710–740 nm) and near-infrared (830 nm) regions. Overall, these results suggest that the booting stage might be the best time for in-season rice grain assessment and that rice yield could be evaluated accurately from the HS sensing data via the ISE-PLS model.

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Effect of split application of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield attributes of transplanted aman rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18886 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 579-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Md Kamruzzaman ◽

Md Abdul Kayum ◽

Md Mainul Hasan ◽

Md Mahmudul Hasan ◽

Jaime A Teixeira Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Split Application ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Main Plot ◽

Four Levels

Improper doses and splits of nitrogenous fertilizer are two major constraints achieving higher yield of transplanted aman rice in Bangladesh. A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different levels and split application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on yield and yield attributes of transplanted aman rice (var. BRRI dhan30). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four split levels of N : T1 [? N a t b asal + ? N a t 2 5 d ays a fter transplanting (DAT) + ? N at 50 DAT ], T2 [½ N at 25 DAT + ½ N at 50 DAT], T3 [? N at 15 DAT + ? N at 30 DAT + ? N at 45 DAT], T4 [¼ at N 15 DAT + ½ N at 30 DAT + ¼ N at 45 DAT] in the main plot and four levels of N in the sub-plot: control (0 kg N/ha), N1 (40 kg N/ha), N2 (80 kg N/ha), and N3 (120 kg N/ha). Data collected were total tillers/hill, effective tillers/hill, number of grains/panicle, grain yield (t/ha), biological yield (t/ha) as well as some other morphological characters. Among the N splits, treatment T3 produced highest total tillers/hill (16.45), effective tillers/hill (12.73), panicle length (24.97 cm), grains/panicle (127.92), grain yield (5.53 t/ha), biological yield (12.87 t/ha), and harvest index (42.79%). Among the N levels, treatment N3 produced highest total tillers/hill (16.50), effective tillers/hill (12.69), grains/panicle (130.36), grain yield (5.40 t/ha), and biological yield (12.66 t/ha). Conversely, the treatment combination of N3 and T3 produced the highest value for most of the traits evaluated, namely total tillers/hill (18.03), effective tillers/hill (14.97), grains/panicle (137.48), grain yield (5.77 t/ha), biological yield (13.08 t/ha), and harvest index (44.10%). Hence, the treatment combination of N3 and T3 is suggested to bring higher economic benefit from transplanted aman rice in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18886 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 579-587, December 2013

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Growth and yield of boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to crop establishment methods and varieties

Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science ◽

10.26832/24566632.2020.050208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 137-143

Author(s):

Afrina Rahman ◽

Md. Abdus Salam ◽

Md. Abdul Kader ◽

Md. Shafiqul Islam ◽

Suriaya Perveen

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Area Index ◽

Crop Establishment ◽

Boro Rice

Physiological attributes and yield performance of high yielding varieties (HYV) of rice cultivars need to be assessed by crop establishment methods before promoting a suitable crop establishment method in Bangladesh. We, therefore, conducted an experiment to study the effects of crop establishment methods on the growth and yield of boro rice. The experiment comprised of two factors; factor A: methods of crop establishment viz., dry direct seeding, unpuddle transplanting, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and puddle transplanting; factor B: rice cultivars viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan74 and BRRI hybrid dhan3. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications where method of crop establishment was assigned to the main plot and rice cultivar was assigned to the sub plots. Data were collected at different growth stages and at harvest. From the results, it was found that growth, yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by crop establishment methods. The highest leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter and grain yield were found in puddle transplanting method. The highest grain yield was obtained in puddle transplanting method due to accumulation of maximum dry matter and production of highest number of effective tillers hill-1 and grains panicle-1. Among the varieties the highest grain yield was obtain in BRRI hybrid dhan3 due to highest number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (6.21 t ha-1) was found in puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28, while the lowest grain yield (2.80 t ha-1) was produced in dry direct seeding with BRRI dhan28. Therefore, puddle transplanting with BRRI dhan28 might be recommended due to best physiological performance and obtaining highest grain yield of boro rice.

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Aplikasi Pemberian Tinggi Genangan dan Dosis Pupuk Organik terhadap Hasil Padi Varietas Ciherang

Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science ◽

10.24843/ajoas.2018.v08.i02.p05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

GEBY SAHALA SIMAMORA ◽

I PUTU DHARMA ◽

GEDE MENAKA ADNYANA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Level ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rice Yields

The Application of High Puddle and Organic Fertilizer on Rice Yield Ciherang Variety. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple vital food of Indonesian people. National rice production has not been able to meet the needs of the population, despite many efforts such as the use of improved varieties, fertilization, the use of agricultural machinery, and the use of pesticides. This study aimed to determine the effect of water level and organic fertilizers on crop yields of rice. This experiment used randomized block design in a simple treatment, namely the combination of the water level and the dose of organic fertilizer. This research using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the effect of treatment on the variables tested. If treatment significant it will be followed by LSD test 5%. The results showed that the treatment of combination of water level and organic fertilizers provide a very real effect on the growth and yield of rice (Harvest dry grain yield ha-1). Harvest dry grain yield ha-1 obtained at the highest AMP2 treatment, namely without flooding water and organic fertilizers and 6 t ha-1 at 10.92 t ha -1 were significantly higher 70.09 % compared to the treatment of farmers. Based on the research results, it can be recommended that the application of water-saving cultivation of organic fertilizer with a dose of 6 t ha -1 needs to be done to improve rice yields.

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Effect of land configurations and Pongamia mulch on soil moisture content and yield of yellow pericarp sorghum during kharif

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i2.2705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 786-790

Author(s):

K. Jaisimha Reddy ◽

G. S. Madhubindu ◽

S. A. Hussain ◽

M. Uma Devi

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Vital Role ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Leaf Mulch ◽

Sorghum Genotypes ◽

Yield Maximization

The present work aims to determine the effect of land configurations and Pongamia pinnata mulch on soil moisture content and yield of yellow sorghum during kharif, 2018-19 on sandy clay loam soils of Hyderabad. The experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The treatments included land configurations (Flatbed, Ridge and furrow, Broad bed and furrow, Flatbed + Mulch, Ridge and Furrow + Mulch, Broad bed and furrow + Mulch) and yellow sorghum genotypes (PYPS 101, PYPS 102, PYPS 103 and PYPS 104). Mulch used in this investigation was Pongamia leaf mulch applied @ 6 t ha-1 uniformly at 20 DAS. Soil moisture played a vital role in increasing crop yields in the rainfed regions of the semi-arid tropics. During most crop growth stages, the availability of soil water was increased by Broad bed and furrow + mulch, resulting in increased grain yield by 37 % (1701 kg ha-1) of yellow sorghum over flatbed. Ridge and furrow + mulch were found to be the next best treatment, with a grain yield of 1590 kg ha-1. Mulched treatments of flatbed, ridge and furrow and broad bed and furrow increased the grain yield by 20%, 28% and 37%, respectively, compared to flatbed without mulch. The present study will help in recognizing profitable moisture conservation practices and the role of Pongamia mulch in soil moisture conservation and yield maximization of yellow sorghum.

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Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v43i4.405 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Atanu Seni ◽

Bhimasen Naik

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Stem Borer ◽

The Other ◽

The Third ◽

Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

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