Screening broad beans (Vicia faba) for magnesium deficiency. II.Photosynthetic performance and leaf bioelectrical responses

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuda Hariadi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Induced Changes

In search of rapid screening tools for magnesium (Mg) deficiency in crops at early stages of plant ontogeny, we studied the kinetics of leaf photosynthetic responses and changes in electrophysiological characteristics of broad bean leaves as affected by different levels of Mg in the nutrient solution (1–200 ppm). No apparent correlation between plant age, Mg supply level, leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) were found. A significant difference in CO2 assimilation became obvious only at week 8. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, however, revealed a significant difference in the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv / Fm ratio) between Mg-deficient and Mg-sufficient plants as early as 2 weeks after seedling emergence. The most sensitive measurements were of light-induced changes in the leaf surface electric potential, with an almost 2-fold difference in the magnitude of leaf bioelectric response between 10 ppm (deficient) and 50 ppm (optimal) treatments. Preliminary experiments in which net Mg2+ fluxes were measured using the non-invasive ion flux estimation (MIFE) technique showed that the electrical changes on the leaf surface might, to some extent, reflect the movement of Mg2+ across the plasma membrane.

scholarly journals MATTER ACCUMULATION AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES OF MACAW PALM TO CYCLICAL DROUGHT

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLENILSO SEHNEN MOTA ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO OLIVA CANO
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the plant-water relations, photosynthetic parameters and growth of macaw (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacp.) Lodd. ex Mart.) plants, thus, ten plants were subjected to three successive drought and rehydration cycles and ten other plants were irrigated normally as control. The drought cycles consisted of a suspension of irrigation until the net CO2 assimilation rate (A) reach values lower than 5% of the control, and a rehydration until a plants recover at least 85% of A of the control plants. Reductions in A, stomatal conductance (gs ) and transpiration (E), above 95%, were found with predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) of -1.85 MPa. After rehydration, the gs and E of plants with and without water stress was not different, however, A presented a significant difference. Leaf water potentials below -0.5 MPa reduced the intracellular and atmospheric CO2 ratio and increased water use efficiency, and values of -1.85 MPa, when both showed an increase and decrease, respectively. The reduction of A and gs was linear and proportional to Ψpd. Total dry matter accumulation reduced by 50% in the plants subjected to drought. The cyclic water stress resulted in reduction of gas exchange and matter accumulation in macaw palm plants; a stomatal limitation of A occurred until Ψpd of -1.85 MPa, and then a non-stomatal limitation.

UVL Induced Changes in Calcium Absorption and Excretion and in Serum Vit D3 Levels measured in Black-skinned and Caucasian Males

1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
M. A. Macleod ◽  
N. J. Blacklock
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Ultra Violet Light ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractWith the evident increase in osteolytic disease, especially in black-skinned urban communities, it has become necessary to attempt to define and measure dietetic and environmental factors contributing to this increase. This paper describes and measures calcium absorption and excretion and serum hydroxy-cholecalciferol (Vit D3) levels in both black-skinned and caucasian controls exposed to similar doses of ultra-violet light. It is concluded that there is a significant difference in response to UVL stimulus between the two groups to the detriment of the blackskinned population.

A Memory Clinic at a Geriatric Hospital: A Report on 577 Patients Assessed with the CAMDEX Over 9 Years

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe A. Stratford ◽  
Dina Logiudice ◽  
Leon Flicker ◽  
Roslyn Cook ◽  
Wendy Waltrowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Mental Test Score ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Icd 10

Objective: To report 9 years’ experience of an Australian memory clinic using the Cambridge Mental Disorders in the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) assessment schedule, summarizing patient demographics, diagnoses at presentation and the utility of four instruments used in distinguishing patients with and without dementia. Methods: All patients seen at the clinic between December 1989 and September 1998 were assessed using the CAMDEX. Diagnoses were determined according to criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD-10). Results: The mean age of 577 patients seen was 72.9 years and 60.8% were female. Over 40% fulfilled ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for dementia in Alzheimer's disease. A further 24% had another dementing illness. Only 28 patients were ‘normal’. There was no significant difference in the ability of the 107-item Cambridge cognitive examination, the 30-item mini-mental state examination, the 10-item abbreviated mental test score and the 26-item informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly to differentiate dementia patients from those who were normal or had functional psychiatric disorders. The four cognitive screening tools had high correlations with one another (r = −0.57 to 0.93). Conclusion: Patient demographics and diagnoses were similar to those found in other clinics. Most people who attended the memory clinic had significant cognitive or psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. SILVA ◽  
P. A. MONQUERO ◽  
F. B. SILVA ◽  
N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽  
M. R. MALARDO
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

scholarly journals Alanine Aminotransferase is a Predictor of NAFLD Activity Score for Diagnosing Non-alcoholic Steatoehpatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dulal Chandra Das ◽  
Sheikh Mohammad Noor E Alam ◽  
Ripon Das ◽  
Masuda Mohsena ◽  
Mamun Al Mahtab
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Simple Steatosis ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Nash Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nafld Activity Score

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive triglyceride- accumulation in hepatocytes. NAFLD has a multifactorial etiology and a combination of environmental, genetic and metabolic factors play a role in the development of advanced disease. NAFLD consists of a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the high prevalence and severity of hepatic illness, NAFLD remains under diagnosed, because of few symptoms, lack of accurate laboratory markers. The accurate diagnosis of NASH remains dependent on specific histological parameters in liver biopsy. Although liver biopsy remains the ‘gold standard’, there are practical limitations, including costs and risks. There is an increasing requirement for simple, less invasive, highly accurate and affordable screening tools. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been proposed as a noninvasive and available marker for assessment of NASH. A hospital based observational study was carried out for a period of two years in the Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Statistical inference were done by estimating distribution, Chi-square test and student’s t-test respectively. Fifty (50) patients were analysed.Twenty five were NASH and twenty five were simple steatosis. ALT in NASH group  were 97.0±51.5IU/L and insimple steatosis group were 55.5±28.6 IU/L. In NASH group 64%  of raised ALT had NASH . In Non-NASH group 16% of raised ALT had no NASH.There was significant difference in the NAFLD activity score for diagnosing NASH between elevated and normal ALT( P  value 0.001). Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 1-6

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Comorbidities in Lithuanian National Database: A Cluster Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Elena Jurevičienė ◽  
Greta Burneikaitė ◽  
Laimis Dambrauskas ◽  
Vytautas Kasiulevičius ◽  
Edita Kazėnaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
National Database ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Various comorbidities and multimorbidity frequently occur in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leading to the overload of health care systems and increased mortality. We aimed to assess the impact of COPD on the probability and clustering of comorbidities. The cross-sectional analysis of the nationwide Lithuanian database was performed based on the entries of the codes of chronic diseases. COPD was defined on the code J44.8 entry and six-month consumption of bronchodilators. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios (ORs) for associations and agglomerative hierarchical clustering were carried out. 321,297 patients aged 40–79 years were included; 4834 of them had COPD. A significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), lung cancer, kidney diseases, and the association of COPD with six-fold higher odds of lung cancer (OR 6.66; p < 0.0001), a two-fold of heart failure (OR 2.61; p < 0.0001), and CVD (OR 1.83; p < 0.0001) was found. Six clusters in COPD males and five in females were pointed out, in patients without COPD—five and four clusters accordingly. The most prevalent cardiovascular cluster had no significant difference according to sex or COPD presence, but a different linkage of dyslipidemia was found. The study raises the need to elaborate adjusted multimorbidity case management and screening tools enabling better outcomes.

Native bacteria and cyanobacteria consortia improve seedling emergence and establishment in dryland restoration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Dadzie ◽  
Angela Moles ◽  
Todd Erickson ◽  
Miriam Munoz-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
North West ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival

&lt;p&gt;Seed-based ecosystem restoration has huge potential to restore degraded lands but currently less than 10 % of directly sown seeds successfully establish in drylands. Soil microbial communities are important for improving plant establishment in degraded land. However, current methods such as soil translocation can potentially disturb the donor site. In this study, we investigated a novel non-destructive method for improving seedling growth of native plants used in restoration through seed-soil-microbial pelleting. We assessed seedling emergence and survival of &lt;em&gt;Triodia epactia&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Acacia inaequilatera&lt;/em&gt; seeds inoculated with whole soil bacteria and cyanobacteria consortia retrieved and isolated from a pristine ecosystem. A field experiment was set-up in a 35m x 40m purpose-built rain exclusion shelter that contained reconstructed soil profiles typically encountered in mine rehabilitation programs of Australia&amp;#8217;s arid north-west. We hypothesized that inoculated seed-soil pellets would improve seedling emergence and survival of these species. After three weeks of planting, seedling emergence in microbially inoculated &lt;em&gt;Acacia&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;inaequilatera&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Triodia epactia&lt;/em&gt; were 48% and 55% higher than non-inoculated seeds in bacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively. We also tested whether the use of cyanobacteria consortia as inocula promoted higher seedling emergence over whole soil bacteria. We found that there was no significant difference in seedling emergence between the microbial taxa. We show that, improving the diversity of soil microorganisms improves seedling emergence and the seed-soil pellet method used is viable to improve seed-based restoration outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words&lt;/strong&gt;: Seed-based restoration, microbial community, cyanobacteria, bacteria community, seedling emergence.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Exogenous Abscisic Acid Can Influence Photosynthetic Processes in Peas through a Decrease in Activity of H+-ATP-ase in the Plasma Membrane

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Lyubov Yudina ◽  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Oksana Sherstneva ◽  
Marina Grinberg ◽  
Maria Ladeynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Pam Fluorometer ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormone in plants that participates in their acclimation to the action of stressors. Treatment by exogenous ABA and its synthetic analogs are a potential way of controlling the tolerance of agricultural plants; however, the mechanisms of influence of the ABA treatment on photosynthetic processes require further investigations. The aim of our work was to investigate the participation of inactivation of the plasma membrane H+-ATP-ase on the influence of ABA treatment on photosynthetic processes and their regulation by electrical signals in peas. The ABA treatment of seedlings was performed by spraying them with aqueous solutions (10−5 M). The combination of a Dual-PAM-100 PAM fluorometer and GFS-3000 infrared gas analyzer was used for photosynthetic measurements; the patch clamp system on the basis of a SliceScope Pro 2000 microscope was used for measurements of electrical activity. It was shown that the ABA treatment stimulated the cyclic electron flow around photosystem I and decreased the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, the amplitude of burning-induced electrical signals (variation potentials), and the magnitude of photosynthetic responses relating to these signals; in contrast, treatment with exogenous ABA increased the heat tolerance of photosynthesis. An investigation of the influence of ABA treatment on the metabolic component of the resting potential showed that this treatment decreased the activity of the H+-ATP-ase in the plasma membrane. Inhibitor analysis using sodium orthovanadate demonstrated that this decrease may be a mechanism of the ABA treatment-induced changes in photosynthetic processes, their heat tolerance, and regulation by electrical signals.

OCT-Angiography as a reliable prognostic tool in laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: The RENOCTA Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212096345
Author(s):  
Marco Lupidi ◽  
Ramkailash Gujar ◽  
Alessio Cerquaglia ◽  
Jay Chhablani ◽  
Daniela Fruttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Induced Changes

Purpose: To quantitatively assess retinal neovascularizations (RNVs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and after photocoagulative laser treatment (PLT) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Methods: Consecutive patients with PDR were examined with fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT-A before and after PLT. Baseline and after-treatment FA images were quantitatively analyzed to assess both the RNVs area and leakage area. On OCT-A RNVs area, vascular perfusion density (VPD), vessel length density (VLD) and fractal dimension were computed. VPD of the full-retina OCT-A underneath the RNV was determined to evaluate potential laser-induced changes in vascular perfusion. Results: Fifteen eyes of 13 patients with PDR were enrolled. The mean area of the RNVs was 0.47 ± 0.50 mm2 in the baseline OCT-A and 0.32 ± 0.40 mm2 in the post-treatment assessment ( p = 0.0002). The mean RNV VPD of RNV was 2% ± 4% in pre-treatment and 1% ± 1% for the post-treatment ( p = 0.0001). The mean VLD of RNV was 7.26 ± 1.53 at baseline and 6.64 ± 1.65 in the post treatment ( p = 0.0002). A significant difference in terms of mean RNVs area and VPD reduction between eyes that needed additional treatment and those that did not (~40% vs ~20%; p < 0.05), was observed. Mean VPD of full-retinal thickness OCT-angiogram was 55% ± 10% for the pre-treatment and 53% ± 8% for the post treatment scan ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: The quantitative OCT-A assessment of laser-induced changes of RNVs can be a useful non-invasive approach for determining treatment efficacy. A reduction of RNVs area or VPD ⩾ 40% might reveal those eyes that won’t require additional treatment. Retinal perfusion impairment seemed to progress independently from the treatment.

Physiological responses of semiarid grasses. IV.* Photosynthetic rates of Thyridolepis mitchelliana and Cenchrus ciliaris leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK Christie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Poor ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Photosynthesis response curves of mulga and buffel grasses to irradiance and to carbon dioxide concentration, together with studies of leaf anatomy and chloroplast structure, showed that the former was a C3 and the latter a C4 species. This is held to account for the large differences in growth rate between the two species. Although Mitchell grass has the anatomy of a C4 species, its photosynthetic responses were not examined. As its net assimilation rate is high at high temperatures, its generally low growth rates are associated with the poor development of its leaf surface. *Part III, Aust. J. Aguic. Res., 26: 447 (1975).

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