Cryptic crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Jatropha curcas

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Winter ◽  
Joseph A. M. Holtum
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Co2 Dark Fixation ◽  
Carbon Retention ◽  
Dark Co2 Fixation

Jatropha curcas L. is a drought-tolerant shrub or small tree that is a candidate bioenergy feedstock. It is a member of the family Euphorbiaceae in which both CAM and C4 photosynthesis have evolved. Here, we report that J. curcas exhibits features diagnostic of low-level CAM. Small increases in nocturnal acid content were consistently observed in photosynthetic stems and occasionally in leaves. Acidification was associated with transient contractions in CO2 loss at night rather than with net CO2 dark fixation. Although the CAM-type nocturnal CO2 uptake signal was masked by background respiration, estimates of dark CO2 fixation based upon the 2 : 1 stoichiometric relationship between H+ accumulated and CO2 fixed indicated substantial carbon retention in the stems via the CAM cycle. It is proposed that under conditions of drought, low-level CAM in J. curcas stems serves primarily to conserve carbon rather than water.

Effect of Oxygen and carbon Diozide Concentrations on Gross Dark CO2 Fixation and Dark Respiration in Bryophyllim diagremontiaum

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
A Kaplan ◽  
J Gale ◽  
A Poljakoff-Mayber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Dark Co2 Fixation

Effects of O2 and CO2 concentrations on the rates of net and gross dark CO2 fixation in B. daigremontianum were examined. Raising [CO2]i from 60 to 420 �ll-� resulted in a decrease in the rate of dark respiration, increase in the rate of gross dark fixation (GDF) and shortened the time taken to reach maximum rate of GDF. However, cumulative GDF was relatively unaffected by [CO2]i at that range. At 14�C, lowering [O2] from 21 to 1.5 % had little effect on the rates and time course of dark respiration and GDF. However, at 24�C, this caused a drop in the rate of dark respiration, changed the time dependence of GDF and slightly increased cumulative GDF. Consequently, at 24�C cumulative net CO2 uptake was 3 .3 times higher at 1 .5 % versus 21% O2. These data are discussed in view of the suggested hypothesis that the amount of available substrate, at the end of the light period, is a principal component of the regulation of the amount of gross dark fixation and dark respiration in the following dark period.

scholarly journals PERAN ORANGTUA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MORAL ANAK DALAM KELUARGA MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN THROUGH THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN A FAMILY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yanizon
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
Moral Formation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Parents

Perkembangan moral pada masa kanak-kanak masih dalam tingkat yang rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena perkembangan intelektual anak-anak belum mencapai titik di mana ia dapat mempelajari atau menerapkan prinsip-prinsip abstrak tentang benar dan salah. Orang tua merupakan tempat pertama terbentuknya moral anak. Kasih sayang yang diberikan orang tua terhadap anak, membangun sistem interaksi yang bermoral antara anak dengan orang lain. Hubungan dengan orang tua yang hangat, ramah, gembira dan menunjukkan sikap kasih sayang merupakan pupuk bagi perkembangan moral anak. Dengan demikian, maka penting sekali peranan orang tua di keluarga dalam perkembangan moral anak, karena orang tua merupakan pendidik pertama yang diterima anak ketika mereka terlahir kedunia. Adapun peran orang tua dalam pembentukan moral anak dilihat dari pegembangan pandangan moral, perasaan moral dan tingkah laku moral. Ketiga unsur tersebut terbentuk dari interaksi orang tua anak dalam keluarga yang berlangsung dari anak-anak hingga dewasa. Oleh karena itu, sudah seharusnyalah orang tua berperan sebagai teladan yang baik di keluarga untuk menjadi contoh bagi anak-anaknya.Kata Kunci: Moral, Peran Orang Tua Moral development in childhood is still in a low level. It is because of the children’s intellectual development has not already reached the level where he is able to learn or apply the abstract principles about right and wrong things. Parental is the first point of children’s moral formation. Parents’ Affection toward children, build their moral interaction systems. A warm, friendly, happy relationship and affection between parents and children are children’s moral development fertilizer. Thus, parents’ roles toward children’s moral development are very essential, because parents are the first educators for children when they got born into the world. Parents’ roles toward children’s moral formation are viewed from children’s developing moral vision, a sense of morality and moral behavior. These three elements were formed from parents and children’s interaction in a family since childhood to adulthood. Therefore, it is a must for parents to figure well in the family to be as a good example for their children.Keywords: Moral, Parents’ Role  

scholarly journals Stakeholder dynamics in bioenergy feedstock production; The case of Jatropha curcas L. for biofuel in Chhattisgarh State, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 16-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Hazelton ◽  
Sunandan Tiwari ◽  
Jaime M. Amezaga
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Feedstock Production ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock Production

scholarly journals The Dakoticancridae (Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Late Cretaceous of North America and Mexico

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Bishop ◽  
R.M. Feldmann ◽  
F. Vega
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Family

The podotrematous crab family Dakoticancridae includes four genera: Dakoticancer Rathbun, Tetracarcinus Weller, Avitelmessus Rathbun, and Seorsus Bishop, all known solely from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Lathelicocarcinus Bishop, originally referred to the family, must be reassigned. Fine details of anatomy, preserved on specimens of D. overanus Rathbun and A. grapsoideus Rathbun, permit description of genital openings and interpretation of functional morphology of appendages. Although one species, D. australis Rathbun, has been found associated with burrow structures, all were probably vagrant epifaunal animals on fine- to medium-grained siliciclastic substrata. Food was probably obtained by generalized low-level predation and scavenging. Results of a cladistic analysis are consistent with the stratigraphic data suggesting that T. subquadrata Weller is nearest the rootstock of the family and that other taxa within the family are derived from it.

Effects of preillumination with light of different wavelengths on subsequent dark CO2-fixation in Chlorella cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigetoh Miyachi ◽  
Daisuke Hogetsu
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Pep Carboxylase ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Initial Fixation ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Dark Co2 Fixation

The effects of preillumination with monochromatic red or blue light on the subsequent dark 14CO2-fixation in Chlorella cells were studied under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions. When the cell suspension was made aerobic by bubbling air (CO2-free) throughout the periods of preillumination and the following dark 14CO2-fixation, the initial fixation product was mainly PGA. The radioactive carbon first incorporated in PGA was transferred mostly to aspartate during the later periods of dark 14CO2-fixation. The rate of 14C-incorporation into aspartate after preillumination with blue light was 2 to 3 times as high as that observed after red-light pretreatment. The observations support our previous inference that the activity of PEP carboxylase in Chlorella cells is stimulated by preillumination with blue light. When nitrogen gas was used during preillumination and the subsequent dark fixation, the radioactivity of 14C incorporated during the initial enhanced 14CO2-fixation was eventually transferred to alanine and lactate. The increase in radioactivity of alanine and lactate was more pronounced during dark fixation after preillumination with red light than after preillumination with blue light.

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CO2 DARK-FIXATION, SUCCULENCE, FLOWERING, AND ORGANIC ACID FORMATION IN KALANCHOE BLOSSFELDIANA VARIETY TOM THUMB

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Zabka ◽  
Edward McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Co2 Dark Fixation ◽  
Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana variety Tom Thumb was treated photoperiodically in regular and CO2-free air and examined at two widely separated time intervals for interrelationships among flowering, succulence, capacity for CO2 dark-fixation, and organic acid formation. These processes and leaf thickening are all under photoperiodic control and increase with increasing numbers of short-day treatments. They also occur in a CO2-free atmosphere on 9-hour photoperiods although CO2 dark-fixation and organic acid formation are limited to the low level of the long-day treated plants at 5 weeks' time. Only CO2 dark-fixation and organic acid formation appear to be interrelated and apparently utilize respiratory CO2 if treated in a CO2-free atmosphere. This capacity to use respiratory CO2 increases with maturity of the plants. Flowering does not control the development of succulence, organic acid formation, or the capacity for CO2 dark-fixation. Likewise, capacity for dark-fixation and organic acid formation do not control flowering and can occur in vegetative Tom Thumb plants that do not exhibit appreciable succulence.

scholarly journals Socio-psychological features and legal norms of the life of adolescents from distant families of labor migrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Zoriana Kovalchuk ◽  
Yana Raievska ◽  
Liudmіla Beheza ◽  
Iryna Ievtushenko ◽  
Halyna Odyntsova
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Family

The article considers the distant family as a social institution of education, formation and development of personality. The current state of solving the problem of socio-psychological and legal work with children from distant families is analyzed. The sample of the study is described in detail by family type, sex, absence of father / mother and duration of absence. The peculiarities of the functioning of the emotional sphere of adolescents from distant families (anxiety, aggression, hostility), low level of socio-psychological adaptation, low level of emotional well-being in the family have been experimentally determined. The relationship between the degree of socio-psychological adaptation of the adolescent’s personality and emotional states is proved. The dependence of gender differences in the functioning of the family and the emotional sphere of adolescents has been established. The types of groups of adolescents from distant families are determined, in particular: anxious, aggressive-anxious, hostile-anxious, aggressive-hostile, absence of manifestation of negative signs. A structural and functional model of social and psychological support of remote families has been developed, which provides for work with adolescents and their parents with the use of special technologies to ensure the effectiveness of conditions that form harmonious family relationships.

scholarly journals HELMINTHOSES OF THE SHEEP OF BREED EDILBAYEVSKAYA IN THE CONDITIONS OF ALTAI REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Efremova ◽  
Udaltsov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

New scientific data on the modern epizootic situation on helminthoses of sheep of the breed Edilbayevskaya introduced on the territory of Altai region are provided. To study the contamination of animals with helminths, ovoliroscopic methods commonly used in parasitology were applied. In total 889 fecal samples received from sheep of different gender and age groups are investigated. Gelminthocomplex of animals is characterized by a variety. Tapeworms include parasites of the suborder Anoplocephalata, the family Anoplocephalidae, the genus Moniezia (M. brodeni, M. expanza) and the family Avitellinidae of the genus Thysaniezia (Thysaniezia giardi). Roundworms belong to the Strongylata suborder and are represented by 4 genera nematodes – Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Hemonchus, Oesophagostomum. The infection of lambs with helminths, including Nematodirus spp. and Moniezia spp. in 1.6–3.8 times more than at adult animals also makes respectively 48.1; 42.9 and 15.8%. A distinction of the sheep hermitage of the breed Edilbaevskaya is the low level of infection of animals with strangulates of the gastrointestinal tract, including esophagostomies (0.19%), ostertagies (1.3%), and hemones (0.2%). The dominating and subdominating components of helminthocomplex are Nematodirus spp. and Moniezia spp. For the first time the Skrjabinema ovis is registered in territory of Altai region.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Seed Chemical Diversity among Jatropha curcas in Botswana

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Shota Tadano ◽  
Gwafila Chiyapo ◽  
Yudai Ishimoto ◽  
Takafumi Konaka ◽  
Charles Mazereku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Specific Chemical

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) has been identified as a potential bioenergy feedstock in arid regions, but knowledge of the diversity of its chemical characteristics is limited. In this study, 61 Jatropha accessions growing in Botswana, where both severe drought and winter frosts frequently occur, were analyzed for their seed chemical properties. Histogram analyses and meta-analysis comparisons with seeds from other countries/continents showed that the median/mean dry seed weight, toxic compound phorbol esters, and C18:0 fatty acid levels in the Botswanan accessions were lower than those from other countries/continents. A clustered heat map analysis indicated five clades for the Botswanan accessions, and their physicochemical traits were also categorized into five groups. Many positive and negative correlations were observed among the chemical traits, including negative correlations between the C18:3 (linolenic acid) content and yield-related traits (lipid content and dry seed weight). Principal component analysis highlighted the existence of accessions with highly deviated seed chemical compositions, such as those enriched in C18:0/C18:1 and C16:0/C16:1/C18:3 fatty acids. Overall, the present study suggests considerable diversity in the seed chemical compositions of Botswanan Jatropha accessions. Various accessions could be useful as feedstock for specific industrial products, as well as for breeding materials for the fortification of specific chemical ingredients.

Action of auxin on CO2 dark fixation in Avena coleoptile segments as related to elongation growth

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Haschke ◽  
Ulrich Lüttge
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Growth ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Co2 Dark Fixation
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