Prescreening in large populations as a tool for identifying elevated CO2-responsive genotypes in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimono ◽  
Graham Farquhar ◽  
Matthew Brookhouse ◽  
Florian A. Busch ◽  
Anthony O'Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) can stimulate the photosynthesis and productivity of C3 species including food and forest crops. Intraspecific variation in responsiveness to e[CO2] can be exploited to increase productivity under e[CO2]. However, active selection of genotypes to increase productivity under e[CO2] is rarely performed across a wide range of germplasm, because of constraints of space and the cost of CO2 fumigation facilities. If we are to capitalise on recent advances in whole genome sequencing, approaches are required to help overcome these issues of space and cost. Here, we discuss the advantage of applying prescreening as a tool in large genome×e[CO2] experiments, where a surrogate for e[CO2] was used to select cultivars for more detailed analysis under e[CO2] conditions. We discuss why phenotypic prescreening in population-wide screening for e[CO2] responsiveness is necessary, what approaches could be used for prescreening for e[CO2] responsiveness, and how the data can be used to improve genetic selection of high-performing cultivars. We do this within the framework of understanding the strengths and limitations of genotype–phenotype mapping.

A brief review on the erosion-corrosion behavior of engineering materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Kuruvila ◽  
S. Thirumalai Kumaran ◽  
M. Adam Khan ◽  
M. Uthayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Erosion Corrosion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe efficiency of industry depends upon the working conditions of the equipment and components used in the industrial process. The biggest problems faced by the industries are the problems of erosion and corrosion. The harmful effects of corrosion will lead to material loss, which results from the degradation of the equipment. The degradation of the equipment will cause the breakdown of the plant; moreover, it is a threat to the safety of people, and also from the point of conservation, it can cause the exploitation of available resources. The cost of replacing equipment increases the expense, and it can also result in the temporary shutdown of the plant. The protection of surfaces from the adverse effects of corrosion and erosion-corrosion is a matter of great concern in most industrial applications. Advancements in technology provides a wide range of techniques to overcome adverse conditions. The selection of appropriate technology must be from the viewpoint of their interaction with the environment. This review paper addresses the adverse effects of erosion-corrosion in the present scenario.

Industrial construction. Buildings and constructions. Corrosion protection and ecology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Zhukov ◽  
Vladimir Astashkin ◽  
Vil'en Zholudov ◽  
Vyacheslav Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Training System ◽  
Industrial Construction ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

This monograph summarizes the modern experience of protection of industrial buildings and structures against aggressive impacts are considered characteristic of corrosion processes under the action of liquid, solid and gaseous environments on the main building materials. Provides a system of regulating the degree of aggressiveness for different parts of buildings and constructions basic provisions for the selection of chemically resistant structures and materials, design methodology section corrosion protection. Systematic design methods of protecting groundwater and soil against aggressive and toxic media, the methods of accounting for the cost of corrosion protection as applied to building elements. Designed for a wide range of engineering-technical workers (ITR), related to design, construction and exploitation of constructions and structures. Can also be used as a textbook for technical schools, colleges and training system engineers.

scholarly journals Data Quality Control Based on Self-Consistency

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
pp. 3974-3991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Steinacker ◽  
Dieter Mayer ◽  
Andrea Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Conducting meteorological measurements, one is always confronted with a wide variety of different types of errors and with the decision of how to correct data for further use, if necessary. The selection of an adequate quality control (QC) procedure out of a wide range of methodologies depends on the properties of the observed parameter such as spatial or temporal consistency. But the intended data application (e.g., model-independent data analysis) or the availability of prior knowledge also has to be taken into account. The herein-presented self-consistent and model-independent QC process makes use of the spatial and temporal consistency of meteorological parameters. It is applicable to measurements featuring a high degree of autocorrelation with regard to the resolution of the observational network in space and time. The presented QC procedure can mathematically be expressed as an optimization problem minimizing the curvature of the analyzed field. This results in a matrix equation that can be solved without needing to converge iterations. Based on the resulting deviations and, if applied, on their impacts on the cost function, station values are accepted, corrected, or identified as outliers and hence dismissed. Furthermore, it is pointed out that this method is able to handle complicated station distributions, such as clustered stations or inhomogeneous station densities. This QC method is not only an appropriate tool for case studies but also for model validation and has been proving itself as a preprocessing tool for operational meso- and micrometeorological analyses.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PREFERENCE OF PRIVATE HOSPITALS TO PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN OMAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikha Mohammed Ali Al-Balushi ◽  
M Firdouse Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Periodic Inspection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose: The objectives of the study are to analyze the factors which influence patients to go to private hospitals against public hospitals of Oman and to analyze the expectations of patients from the integrated public hospitals in Oman.Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out with a well-defined questionnaire through which 251 survey samples were collected on a random sampling basis.Findings: The results of the study reveal that there is an association between the selection of hospital and services and the cost of the services offered in the hospital and it is found that the cost of services incurred makes an impact in the selection of hospital for medical treatment. The study also revealed that in private hospitals patients could easily approach anyone including the reception staff and all are helpful, and the private hospitals are equipped with modern equipment, and doctors treat patients in a friendly manner.Research limitations/Implications: The majority of the population taken for the study are aged above 20 years, and the samples were collected from selected regions of Oman, and wide range collection of samples from all the regions will help to improve the solution.Social implications: The study suggests that sufficient medicines should be provided in all the public health centers and periodic inspection should be conducted at regular intervals to improve the standards of the public health Centers and Government Hospitals concerning cleanliness, treatments and the front line services.Originality/Value: No study has examined the causes for the hospital selection delay in the construction projects of Oman, and it is a first-hand study of its kind and the results will be useful to the stakeholders.

scholarly journals KAJIAN EKONOMI PENUNDAAN BUKA SADAP SEBAGAI SOLUSI UNTUK MENGHADAPI HARGA KARET RENDAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Dwi Shinta Agustina ◽  
Eva Herlinawati ◽  
Iman Satra Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Mature Tree ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Unfavorable Condition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Abstrak Agribisnis karet saat ini sedang mengalami kondisi yang kurang menguntungkan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh menurunnya harga karet beberapa tahun terakhir serta meningkatnya biaya produksi terutama biaya penyadapan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan dan dapat menjadi suatu pemikiran adalah dengan melakukan penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet. Tulisan ini mengkaji penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan dua pendekatan yaitu: penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan merubah kriteria matang sadap pohon dari 45 cm menjadi 50 cm; dan penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan merubah kriteria persentase matang sadap kebun. Analisis menggunakan data percobaan Lukman (1979; 1980), Samuel et al. (2012), Hendratno dan Amypalupy (2008), dan Nugraha et al. (2015). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penundaan buka sadap dengan merubah lilit batang dari 45 cm menjadi 50 cm dapat meningkatkan produktivitas per penyadap. Penundaan buka sadap hingga lilit batang mencapai 50 cm akan ekonomis dengan pemilihan klon yang memiliki produktivitas awal yang tinggi. Untuk  menunda buka sadap dari lilit batang 45 cm menjadi 50 cm diperlukan waktu 6-12 bulan tergantung kerapatan tanaman dan jenis klon. Kriteria matang sadap kebun yang berbeda sesuai jenis klon dan perubahan harga masih menguntungkan secara ekonomis. Perlu kajian yang lebih luas mengenai penundaan buka sadap. Kata kunci: karet, buka sadap, penundaan Abstract Currently, agribusiness of rubber is experiencing unfavorable condition. This is due to the declining of rubber price in the last few years as well as increasing of cost of production especially the cost of tapping. An effort that could be done was by delaying the opening of rubber. This paper examines the delay in opening of rubber with two approaches, i.e. delaying of rubber opening by changing the criteria of tree maturity for tapping  from 45 cm to 50 cm; and delaying of rubber opening by changing the criteria for the percentage of mature tree. Analysis was conducted using the data of Lukman (1979;1980), Samuel et al. (2012), Hendratno and Amypalupy (2008), and Nugraha et al. (2015). The results showed that the delay of opening by changing the girth of 45 cm to 50 cm could increase productivity per tapper. Delaying of opening until reaching the girth of 50 cm will be economical with the selection of clones that have high initial productivity. To delay opening from the girth of 45 cm to 50 cm took 6-12 months depending on the density of the plants and clones. Criteria of field tapping maturity to suit different types of clones and price changes are still economically viable. A broader study on the delaying of rubber opening was needed. Keywords: rubber, opening, delaying

scholarly journals Design and fabrication of low-cost micromachining system for prototyping printed circuit boards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhinesh S K ◽  
◽  
Senthil Kumar K L ◽  
Megalingam A ◽  
Gokulraj A P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Milling Operation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) have a portentous position in constructing modern electronic equipment. Currently, chemical etching is the process used to produce PCBs at huge volumes, which is not suitable for preparing prototypes. The working environment is also not an encouraging one. There is no economical way to manufacture PCBs in low volumes, which is the basic requirement for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs). Prototyping the desired circuit boards, prior to the mass production, is essential to avoid major losses by producing faulty designs. Developing a low-cost machine for prototyping PCBs may overcome these drawbacks. Hence, in this work, a machine capable of performing PCB mechanical milling operation on wide range of materials like copper/epoxy boards and flexible substrates has been developed. The machine developed is capable of milling lines that are 0.3 mm in width and 0.46 mm in depth. The performance of the machine reveals that it can mill any complex shapes and designs with expected accuracy. Selection of hardware components according to the needs would reduce the cost and programming snag further, which makes it affordable to SMEs.

scholarly journals Approaches to evaluation of changes in capital structure in industrial branches

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Landa ◽  
Dana Martinovičová
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Capital structure is described as a relation between equity and debts while the mutual consequences among items of company’s assets and resources employed as well as the cost of capital are also taken into account. Both, the theory and practice, at evaluation of approaches to capital structure are focu­sed on creation and optimization of capital structure. Relatively less frequent approach is the analy­sis of a state and of changes in capital structure on the level of whole business branch. But on this basis, it is possible to investigate some “average” approaches to selection of financial resources. At ca­pi­tal structure optimization (the proportion between equity and debts), a wide range of criteria plays a substantial role, e.g. cost of capital, risk, expected profitability, liquidity, dividend policy. These criteria have joint effect. This way, a logic question which criteria are preferred more and which criteria are preferred less appears. The article deals with the analysis of capital structure of three branches of manufacturing industry (the branch of production of plastics, the branch of production of electric equipments, the branch of production of textile) in the years 2007–2009 with the special focus on development of financial structure, capital structure and on cost of capital.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

IMPROVEMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Stoyanets ◽  
◽  
Mathias Onuh Aboyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Alliance Partner ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
The Cost

The article defines that for the successful implementation of an innovative project and the introduction of a new product into production it is necessary to use advanced technologies and modern software, which is an integral part of successful innovation by taking into account the life cycle of innovations. It is proposed to consider the general potential of the enterprise through its main components, namely: production and technological, scientific and technical, financial and economic, personnel and actual innovation potential. Base for the introduction of technological innovations LLC "ALLIANCE- PARTNER", which provides a wide range of support and consulting services, services in the employment market, tourism, insurance, translation and more. To form a model of innovative development of the enterprise, it is advisable to establish the following key aspects: the system of value creation through the model of cooperation with partners and suppliers; creating a value chain; technological platform; infrastructure, determine the cost of supply, the cost of activities for customers and for the enterprise as a whole. The system of factors of influence on formation of model of strategic innovative development of the enterprise is offered. The expediency of the cost of the complex of technological equipment, which is 6800.0 thousand UAH, is economically calculated. Given the fact that the company plans to receive funds under the program of socio-economic development of Sumy region, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the innovation project, the purchase of technological equipment, it is determined that the payback period of the project is 3 years 10 months. In terms of net present value (NPV), the project under study is profitable. The project profitability index (PI) meets the requirements for a positive decision on project implementation> 1.0. The internal rate of return of the project (IRR) also has a positive value of 22% because it exceeds the discount rate.

Marker-assisted identification of potential fertility restorers for the development of three-line hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Asma Majid ◽  
GA Parray ◽  
NR Sofi ◽  
Gazala H Khan ◽  
Showkat A Waza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Restorer Genes ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Fertility Restorers ◽  
Selection Of

Rice being a staple food crop of Kashmir valley, the focus is on enhancement of yield in order to meet the needs of ever-growing population.Identification of new parental lines is crucial for developing ecology-specific hybrids with ideal agronomic performance. Exploitation of heterosis in the form of hybrid rice technology can be one of the approaches to increase productivity in this crop, especially exploiting diversity among japonica lines can serve as an excellent route.A number of CMS lines suitable formountainous areas of Kashmir have been developed, however, the availability of promising restorer lines remains to be the major limitation for utilization of these lines.Identification of potential restorers acts as the main limiting factor for hybrid development in the Kashmir valley. Marker based screening for Rf3 and Rf4 fertility restorer genes can be helpful in rapid selection of restorer lines while dealing with the large quantity of genetic materials. In the present study, 100 rice germplasm were screened with the help of SSR markers, RM3148 and RM6100linked to Rf3 and Rf4 genes on chromosome 1 and 10, respectively. In total, 19 lines revealed the presence of both Rf3 and Rf4 genes. These lines amplified fertility restorer specific alleles for both the genes and may serve as potential restorers for obtaining heterotic rice hybrids. Further the germplasm lines were also evaluated for yield and quality traits.The present results would help in selection of suitable restorers along with preferred grain shape/size.

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