Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant 1901 - 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Carver ◽  
R. W. Crompton ◽  
D. G. Ellyard ◽  
L. U. Hibbard ◽  
E. K. Inall
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National University ◽  
Influence Spreading

With the death of Professor Sir Mark Oliphant, the first President of the Australian Academy of Science, Australia lost one of its most distinguished scientists. A tall, handsome man with a shock of white hair and a distinctive voice and laugh, he was well informed on a wide range of scientific matters and expressed firm views on their social consequences. He enjoyed wide respect throughout the nation as a great Australian, his influence spreading far beyond the discipline of physics, to which he made seminal contributions both through his own research and his leadership. The Academy will remember and honour him for his leading role in its establishment, and for his continuing association with it until the last years of his long life.Oliphant's outstanding international reputation was based on his pioneering discoveries in nuclear physics in Cambridge in the 1930s and his remarkable contributions to wartime radar research and to the development of the atomic bomb. In 1950, after an absence of 23 years, Oliphant returned to Australia, where he founded the Research School of Physical Sciences at the Australian National University and pioneered the creation in Canberra of a national university dedicated to the conduct of research at the highest international level.To the layman, Mark Oliphant was well known for his often outspoken comments on those matters about which he felt so strongly: social justice, peace, atomic warfare, the environment, academic freedom and autonomy, to name a few. The scientific community will remember him as a physicist for his pioneering experiments with Ernest Rutherford during momentous years that saw the birth of nuclear physics, as a physicist/engineer for his ingenuity and determination as one of the pioneers of high-energy particle accelerators, and as a science administrator and public advocate for science.

scholarly journals Model for the Evaluation of an Angular Slot’s Coupling Impedance

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Dario Assante ◽  
Luigi Verolino
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interaction ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Line Parallel ◽  
Wide Range

In high energy particle accelerators, a careful modeling of the electromagnetic interaction between the particle beam and the structure is essential to ensure the performance of the experiments. Particular interest arises in the presence of angular discontinuities of the structure, due to the asymmetrical behavior. In this case, semi-analytical models allow one to reduce the computational effort and to better understand the physics of the phenomena, with respect to purely numerical models. In the paper, a model for analyzing the electromagnetic interaction between a traveling charge particle and a perfectly conducting angular slot of a negligible thickness is discussed. The particle travels at a constant velocity along a straight line parallel to the axis of symmetry of the strip. The longitudinal and transverse coupling impedances are therefore evaluated for a wide range of parameters.

Reminiscences and discoveries: James Chadwick at Liverpool

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Business Community ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
New Facilities

There have been recent articles in Notes and Records concerning James Chadwick’s contributions to the development of the atomic bomb, and it seemed worthwhile to supplement these with some remarks on Chadwick’s establishment of an important centre of nuclear physics research in Liverpool, especially since I believe this was the achievement which gave him more satisfaction than any other. The following is the abridged text of a lecture given at the Centenary Celebrations at the University of Liverpool in October 1991. Chadwick came to Liverpool in 1935, the year in which he was awarded the Nobel Prize, and held the Lyon Jones Chair of Physics for 13 years. During that time he transformed the department from one which was quite ill-equipped for research, into one which would be able to stand comparison with any in the world in the fields of nuclear physics and high-energy particle physics. The University had been able to attract him by promising to support him with the provision of new staff posts and with help in building up new facilities for research. In addition he already had friends within the university and the business community through his wife, who came from a well-known Liverpool family. He had also, I think, begun to feel that the time had come to leave Cambridge, perhaps because Rutherford was reluctant to contemplate the sort of expenditure which Chadwick realized was necessary to carry forward research in nuclear physics. Chadwick’s plans for Liverpool were centred around the construction of a cyclotron which would cost about £5000, roughly equal to Rutherford’s laboratory budget for one year

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

scholarly journals ION BEAM MATERIALS ANALYSIS AND MODIFICATIONS AT keV TO MeV ENERGIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1460147 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIBHUDUTTA ROUT ◽  
MANGAL S. DHOUBHADEL ◽  
PRAKASH R. POUDEL ◽  
VENKATA C. KUMMARI ◽  
WICKRAMAARACHCHIGE J. LAKSHANTHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
North Texas ◽  
University Of North Texas ◽  
Ion Beam Lithography ◽  
The University

The University of North Texas (UNT) Ion Beam Modification and Analysis Laboratory (IBMAL) has four particle accelerators including a National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC) 9SDH-2 3 MV tandem Pelletron, a NEC 9SH 3 MV single-ended Pelletron, and a 200 kV Cockcroft-Walton. A fourth HVEC AK 2.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator is presently being refurbished as an educational training facility. These accelerators can produce and accelerate almost any ion in the periodic table at energies from a few keV to tens of MeV. They are used to modify materials by ion implantation and to analyze materials by numerous atomic and nuclear physics techniques. The NEC 9SH accelerator was recently installed in the IBMAL and subsequently upgraded with the addition of a capacitive-liner and terminal potential stabilization system to reduce ion energy spread and therefore improve spatial resolution of the probing ion beam to hundreds of nanometers. Research involves materials modification and synthesis by ion implantation for photonic, electronic, and magnetic applications, micro-fabrication by high energy (MeV) ion beam lithography, microanalysis of biomedical and semiconductor materials, development of highenergy ion nanoprobe focusing systems, and educational and outreach activities. An overview of the IBMAL facilities and some of the current research projects are discussed.

scholarly journals A Fast Universal Kinematic Fitting Code for Low-Energy Nuclear Physics: FUNKI_FIT

Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Smith ◽  
Jack Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Monte Carlo Data ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Strip Detectors ◽  
Low Energy Nuclear Physics

We present an open-source kinematic fitting routine designed for low-energy nuclear physics applications. Although kinematic fitting is commonly used in high-energy particle physics, it is rarely used in low-energy nuclear physics, despite its effectiveness. A FORTRAN and ROOT C++ version of the FUNKI_FIT kinematic fitting code have been developed and published open access. The FUNKI_FIT code is universal in the sense that the constraint equations can be easily modified to suit different experimental set-ups and reactions. Two case studies for the use of this code, utilising experimental and Monte–Carlo data, are presented: (1) charged-particle spectroscopy using silicon-strip detectors; (2) charged-particle spectroscopy using active target detectors. The kinematic fitting routine provides an improvement in resolution in both cases, demonstrating, for the first time, the applicability of kinematic fitting across a range of nuclear physics applications. The ROOT macro has been developed in order to easily apply this technique in standard data analysis routines used by the nuclear physics community.

scholarly journals On the holistic validation of electronic materials compound for irradiation study - Experimental and calculated results

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Thomas Frosio ◽  
Nabil Menaa ◽  
Matteo Magistris ◽  
Chris Theis
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Material ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Safety Systems

Abstract Due to the large variations of chemical compositions in electronic material, the estimation of the radionuclide inventory following irradiation represents a technical challenge at CERN high-energy particle accelerators. In particular, the activation of printed circuit boards is of concern to the CERN experiments as they are widely used for various purposes ranging from safety systems to sub-detector controls. Because of maintenance operations, part of this equipment has to be removed from the accelerator machines. The literature provides a variety of compositions for electronic materials, leaving the problematic selection of the most appropriate composition for an activation study to the reader. In this article, we discuss two reference chemical compositions on the basis of a statistical analysis of large datasets of gamma spectroscopy results, and on ActiWiz calculations which take into account different activation scenarios at CERN. These results can be extended to electronic material irradiated in other particle accelerators.

scholarly journals Accelerators, Colliders and Their Application

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
E. Wilson ◽  
B. J. Holzer
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
World Wide ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Particle Beams ◽  
Basic Physics

AbstractAccelerators are modern, high precision tools with applications in a broad spectrum that ranges from material treatment, isotope production for nuclear physics and medicine, probe analysis in industry and research, to the production of high energy particle beams in physics and astronomy. At present about 35,000 accelerators exist world-wide, the majority of them being used for industrial and medical applications. Originally however the design of accelerators arose from the request in basic physics research, namely to study the basic constituents of matter.

scholarly journals Safety Engineering for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at the Brookhaven National Laboratory

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen V. Musolino ◽  
Steven F. Kane ◽  
Joseph W. Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Cryogenic System ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

Abstract The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is a high energy particle accelerator built to study basic nuclear physics. It consists of two counter-rotating beams of fully stripped gold ions that are accelerated in two rings to an energy of 100 GeV/nucleon. The rings consist of a circular lattice of superconducting magnets, 3.8 km in circumference. The beams can be stored for a period of five to ten hours and brought into collision for experiments during that time. The first major physics objective when the facility goes into operation is to recreate a state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma, that has been predicted to have existed at a short time after the creation of the universe. There are only a few other high energy particle accelerators like RHIC in the world. Each one is unique in design and contains systems and hazards that are not commonly found in general industry. Therefore, the designers of the machine do not always have consensus design standards and regulatory guidance available to establish the engineering parameters for safety. Some of the areas where standards are not available relate to the cryogenic system, containment of large volumes of flammable gas in fragile vessels in the experimental apparatus and mitigation of a Design Basis Accident with a stored particle beam. The ASME Code requires Charpy testing of welds at cryogenic temperature, but testing at 4 K is nearly impossible to conduct. Engineered welds were used to provide an equivalent level of safety. A cryogenic system is a process system. The RHIC system was designed first by selecting a safe operating mode, then analyzing to ensure this mode was preserved. Cryogenic systems have unique processes, and the safe mode will surprise most process engineers. The experimentalists require detectors to be designed to meet the need of the physics objectives, but the application of standard construction techniques would make research mission impossible. Unique but equivalent safety engineering must be determined. The rules promulgated in the Code of Federal Regulations under the Atomic Energy Act do not cover prompt radiation from accelerators, nor are there any State regulations that govern the design and operation of a large superconducting collider. Special design criteria for prompt radiation were developed to provide guidance for the design of radiation shielding.

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