From Gondwana to Europe: inferring the origins of Mediterranean Macrothele spiders (Araneae : Hexathelidae) and the limits of the family Hexathelidae

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Opatova ◽  
Miquel A. Arnedo
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Status ◽  
Bayesian Relaxed Clock ◽  
Australasian Region ◽  
Relaxed Clock

The family Hexathelidae ranks among the smaller mygalomorph spider families. Most species are endemic to the Australasian region and the family was traditionally considered an example of a Gondwanan lineage. However, recent studies have cast some doubt on the monophyly of the family. Macrothele is the only genus with an out-of-Gondwana distribution. The bulk of the Macrothele diversity is found in South-east Asia, few species are known from central Africa and two species inhabit Europe: Macrothele calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805) from the Iberian Peninsula and Macrothele cretica Kulczynski, 1903 endemic to Crete. Here we investigate the origins of the European Macrothele species by means of a multi-locus phylogenetic approach and by inferring the time frame of the diversification of the genus using Bayesian relaxed clock methods. We also provide further insights into the phylogenetic status of the family Hexathelidae. Our results indicate that the diversification of Macrothele traces back to the period of the Gondwana break-up and its present-day distribution most likely reflects the subsequent tectonic plate movements. The two European species were not recovered as sister taxa, suggesting that Macrothele colonised the Mediterranean region twice independently. The polyphyly of the family Hexathelidae is further confirmed and the subfamily Atracinae is identified as the conflicting lineage.

Comparative morphological, anatomical, micromorphological, and palynological studies on the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium (Apiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 372 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽  
MUSTAFA ÇELIK
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Fruit Surface

In the present study, morphological, micromorphological, palynological and anatomical characteristics of the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium are reviewed and compared. The genus Opopanax is distributed in southern Europe, the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, and it is represented by three species in Turkey. Crenosciadium is a poorly known monotypic genus from Turkey, recently treated as synonym in Opopanax. Expanded descriptions, phenology, geographic distributions, and images of habitus of Opopanax and Crenosciadium are given. The differences between the two genera are discussed. The pollen morphology of Opopanax and Crenosciadium is studied by SEM and LM. The palynological results confirmed the stenopalynous characteristic of the family Apiaceae, and revealed that the pollen grains of both genera are perprolate in shape. Also fruit surface ornamentation of both genera is typically striate, and epidermal cells are polygonal or elongated in one direction. Cross-sections of mature fruits are examined and a detailed anatomical description is presented. Mericarp shape and width are very useful characters for discrimination between Opopanax and Crenosciadium; mericarp ribs are also very significant characteristics to discriminate both genera. Our findings, together with previous molecular data, clearly indicate that Crenosciadium differs considerably from Opopanax, and therefore it should be accepted at genus rank.

scholarly journals RESPONS ANAK-ANAK MIGRAN TERHADAP MIGRASI INTERNASIONAL DI PERDESAAN PONOROGO

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Purwatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Family ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
The Impact

Children being left behind by their parents whose migrating are vulnerable to face social problems. Several studies noted the negative impact on migration on the children, but some positive impact on the household prosperity were gained as well. Even though it has the negative impact, international migration has an increasing tendency to become one of the efforts to boost the household economy. This article uses data from CHAMPSEA (Child Health and Migrant Parents in South East Asia) Study which underlined the importance to know the child’s condition as the impact of international migration phenomena towards the family they left behind. Study showed that children being left by migrated parents, especially fathers, gave more positive responses, but those being left by mothers or both of the parents gave more negative responses. Nevertheless, those children apparently had desire to do migration abroad just as their parents did. Apparently the surrounding of the migrants and the better economy of migrant households had in uenced the children to do migration and work abroad as well. 

Observations on chromosomes and gametogenesis ofTransversotrema patialense(Trematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mad Havi ◽  
J. V. Ramanjaneyulu
Keyword(s):  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Total Chromosome Length ◽  
Diploid Complement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Status ◽  
Snail Tissue

SUMMARYThe karyotype ofTransversotrema patia1enconsists of 10 pairs of chromosomes (2n= 20) of which 5 pairs are metacentrics and 5 pairs are submetacentrics. The chromosomes are large and range in size from 5 to 12 μm. The total chromosome length of the diploid complement is 16783 μm. Stages of spermatogenesis including the two gonial divisions and two reduction divisions leading to production of spermatozoa occur in cercarial embryos inside snail tissue, while the maturation divisions of the ovum occur in eggs freshly liberated by the fluke. The chiasma frequency is high, being 3888/cell and 388/bivalent. Cytological data indicate an independent phylogenetic status for the family Transversotrematidae.

scholarly journals Advances in the Treatment of Yaws

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Marks
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Oral Azithromycin

Yaws is one of the three endemic treponematoses and is recognised by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease. Yaws is currently reported in 15 countries in the Pacific, South-East Asia, West and Central Africa, predominantly affects children, and results in destructive lesions of the skin and soft tissues. For most of the twentieth century penicillin-based treatment was the standard of care and resistance to penicillin has still not been described. Recently, oral azithromycin has been shown to be an effective treatment for yaws, facilitating renewed yaws eradication efforts. Resistance to azithromycin is an emerging threat and close surveillance will be required as yaws eradication efforts are scaled up globally.

scholarly journals Comparison between nurses' and families' opinion about priorities of immediate patient's family needs

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Intessar Mohamed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Needs ◽  
Strongly Agree

Background and objective: Acute critical illness represents a crisis not just for the individual patient however conjointly for the members of the family. Moreover, the admission of the patient represents a sudden crisis allowing no time for its preparation. The responsibilities of critical care nurses extend beyond the patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) to incorporate the members of the family of these patients. Nurses are a primary resource for members of family of ICU patients and they are in a perfect position to assist patients’ members of the family in an applicable approach. For this reason, recognition of these needs by nursing personnel is very important for applying of holistic nursing care. The aims of this study were 1) Ranking the immediate needs of members of family of critically ill patients and nurses. 2) Comparing between nurses, and families, opinion regarding priorities of immediate patient's family needs using Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI).Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the general ICUs of Damanhour Medical Institute which has 15 beds, Damanhour chest hospital which has 7 beds and Itay Elbaroad General Hospital which has 11 beds. The three units have a total of 100 nurses. A questionnaire was used for data collection. It consisted of part one which comprised patient's condition whose families were studied participants, biosocial knowledge related to the members of family and part two which included CCFNI tool. The adapted CCFNI was translated into colloquial Arabic. Participant members of family were individually interviewed by the researcher. Members of family were required to answer each statement with strongly agree, agree, neutral, do not agree and strongly do not agree. The interview took approximately 45 to 60 minutes to be completed, and all interviews took place within the 72 hours' time frame of each patient's admission to the critical care unit. The nurses were approached and given the questionnaires to be filled in by themselves during handover, tea or lunch break.Results: Generally, families ranked their knowledge, proximity and comfort needs higher in importance than the nurses. Also, the knowledge and assurance needs were ranked above the needs for support, comfort, and proximity by our participating nurses and members of family. Moreover, the mean scores of knowledge, proximity, support and comfort needs for members of family were significantly higher than these for nurses. Out of 35 needs of the members of family in the CCFNI, there were no significant differences between the mean scores of the nurses and those of the members of family in 10 individual needs. Results show that the nurses were correct in 10 out of 35 members of family’ individual needs. The remaining mean scores from 25 individual needs showed significant differences between the nurses and actual family needs. Results show that did not meet all the specific family needs during the care of the critically ill patients. Results show that members of family scored significantly higher than nurses on 20 statements while, the nurses scored significantly higher than members of family on only 5 of the statements.Conclusions: Families considered that knowledge then assurance was the most important needs. While nurses considered that assurance then knowledge were the most important needs which indicate that nurses underestimated the needs of the family and family need may be inaccurately evaluated by heath care team and almost unmet. Furthermore, Members of family in this study considered the needs that bring comfort and support as less in priority needs.

scholarly journals Isolation of Kaeng Khoi virus from dead Chaerephon plicata bats in Cambodia

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 2685-2689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Osborne ◽  
C. E. Rupprecht ◽  
J. G. Olson ◽  
T. G. Ksiazek ◽  
P. E. Rollin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Family ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Virus Isolates

A virus isolated from dead Chaerephon plicata bats collected near Kampot, Cambodia, was identified as a member of the family Bunyaviridae by electron microscopy. The only bunyavirus previously isolated from Chaerephon species bats in South-East Asia is Kaeng Khoi (KK) virus (genus Orthobunyavirus), detected in Thailand over 30 years earlier and implicated as a public health problem. Using RT-PCR, nucleotide sequences from the M RNA segment of several virus isolates from the Cambodian C. plicata bats were found to be almost identical and to differ from those of the prototype KK virus by only 2·6–3·2 %, despite the temporal and geographic separation of the viruses. These results identify the Cambodian bat viruses as KK virus, extend the known virus geographic range and document the first KK virus isolation in 30 years. These genetic data, together with earlier serologic data, show that KK viruses represent a distinct group within the genus Orthobunyavirus.

The ‘Nation’ and the ‘Other’: A Study in Difference

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Sarvani Gooptu
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Rewriting History ◽  
Historical Function ◽  
Cultural Connotations

The transition from patriotism and sense of community to the creation of the distinct political community in early twentieth century was through an imaginative interpretation of history in the writing of Dwijendralal Roy (1863–1913), a poet, dramatist and composer of Bengal. Imagination through creative ‘use’ of history had been directed to underline the location of time and space of an emotive community. By this, one could retrieve, criticize and create this emotion through time and space, its definitiveness continuously shifting, evolving, through family, country and community. In the process of creating a nation the notion of the ‘other’ was necessary. This other with all its cultural connotations was found in the stereotypes of ‘Muslim’ and ‘Islam’ in opposition to ‘Rajput’ and ‘Hindu’. It is through these oppositional levels and the interplay of these oppositions that a new nation state could be formed. The notion of Muslim rule as the external enemy was created whose historical function was to provide the occasion for a heroic battle in which virtue could be highlighted. Even within this tradition of writing Dwijendralal brought in a strong note of moderation. There is neither a very powerful tendency to praise everything ‘Hindu’, nor look down upon Islam, which sometimes created apparent contradiction. Where there is valourization of the Rajputs in the ‘Rajputs plays’ it has been placed in the context of the Mughals as the ‘other’. But in the study of the Mughals in the ‘Mughal plays’ there is a concentration on the family and kinship. Both the types are set in about the same time frame yet the values stressed on are different. An analysis of Dwijendralal’s ‘historical’ plays brings into focus an attempt at rewriting history to transcend history as a discipline with its boundaries of time and space, intertwining facts and imagination, through real and created characters to establish the need for a universal ethos.

Two new species of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Cameroon, Central Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1093 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGNACE DOSSA ZANNOU ◽  
CHRISTINE ZUNDEL ◽  
RACHID HANNA ◽  
GILBERTO JOSE DE MORAES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

Two new mite species of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), Neoseiulus yanineki sp. nov. and Typhlodromips cameroonensis sp. nov.,  are described from Cameroon, Central Africa.

Acidiella longipennis Hendel, the type species of Acidiella Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetini), with recognition of two new allied species from Myanmar

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2810 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
HO-YEON HAN
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Unique Characteristic ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family

The type species of the genus Acidiella Hendel is A. longipennis Hendel, which is known as a widely distributed species in South East Asia. Specimens of A. longipennis are rarely found in insect collections, but I was able to examine a number of Myanmar specimens collected by R. Malaise during the Swedish Expedition in 1934, and reported as A. longipennis by M. Hering in 1938. As a result, three related species were sorted out from these specimens. They look very much alike except for the dorsal abdominal patterns (difficult to see in dried specimens) and postabdominal structures. I here provide detailed descriptions of and a key to A. longipennis, A. spinipenis, sp. nov., and A. kambaitiensis, sp. nov. They are here defined as the A. longipennis species group based on a single synapomorphy: vesica of glans ventrally with 7–9 tiny spines. This is a unique characteristic never found in any other species of the tribe Trypetini as well as the family Tephritidae. I am providing this information as a starting point to refine the currently confused concept of the genus Acidiella.

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