scholarly journals Isolation of Kaeng Khoi virus from dead Chaerephon plicata bats in Cambodia

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 2685-2689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Osborne ◽  
C. E. Rupprecht ◽  
J. G. Olson ◽  
T. G. Ksiazek ◽  
P. E. Rollin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Family ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Virus Isolates

A virus isolated from dead Chaerephon plicata bats collected near Kampot, Cambodia, was identified as a member of the family Bunyaviridae by electron microscopy. The only bunyavirus previously isolated from Chaerephon species bats in South-East Asia is Kaeng Khoi (KK) virus (genus Orthobunyavirus), detected in Thailand over 30 years earlier and implicated as a public health problem. Using RT-PCR, nucleotide sequences from the M RNA segment of several virus isolates from the Cambodian C. plicata bats were found to be almost identical and to differ from those of the prototype KK virus by only 2·6–3·2 %, despite the temporal and geographic separation of the viruses. These results identify the Cambodian bat viruses as KK virus, extend the known virus geographic range and document the first KK virus isolation in 30 years. These genetic data, together with earlier serologic data, show that KK viruses represent a distinct group within the genus Orthobunyavirus.

scholarly journals Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi in ticks from reptiles in Córdoba, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1764-1770
Author(s):  
Jorge Miranda ◽  
Lina Violet-Lozano ◽  
Samia Barrera ◽  
Salim Mattar ◽  
Santiago Monsalve-Buriticá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sanger Method

Background and Aim: Wildlife animals are reservoirs of a large number of microorganisms pathogenic to humans, and ticks could be responsible for the transmission of these pathogens. Rickettsia spp. are the most prevalent pathogens found in ticks. This study was conducted to detect Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from free-living and illegally trafficked reptiles from the Department of Córdoba, Colombia. Materials and Methods: During the period from October 2011 to July 2014, ticks belonging to the family Ixodidae were collected, preserved in 96% ethanol, identified using taxonomic keys, and pooled (between 1 and 14 ticks) according to sex, stage, host, and collected place for subsequent DNA extraction. Rickettsia detection was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by conventional PCR to amplify a larger fragment of the gltA and 16S rRNA genes. The amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method, and the nucleotide sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis to identify homologous sequences in GenBank, after which phylogenetic analysis was performed using the MEGA X software. Results: In total, 21 specimens of nine species of reptiles were sampled, from which 805 Amblyomma dissimile ticks were collected, but only 180 ticks were selected to create 34 groups. The DNA of Rickettsia spp. was detected in 30/34 (88%) groups. The sequences of the gene gltA and 16S rRNA revealed a 100% identity with Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi (GenBank: KF905456 and GenBank: KF691750). Conclusion: A. dissimile was the only tick found in all the sampled reptiles. The presence of Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi in reptile ticks could represent a public health problem due to the risk of transmission to humans and the introduction of microorganisms to other geographical areas.

scholarly journals Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Zoltán László ◽  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Gábor Reuter ◽  
Attila Cságola ◽  
Ádám Bálint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Livestock

Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain “neglected” genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species “Bopivirus B” in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among <12-month-old ovine, caprine and bovine, but undetectable in swine and rabbit. VP1 capsid-based phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple lineages/genotypes, including closely related ovine/caprine strains, suggesting the possibility of ovine–caprine interspecies transmission of certain bopiviruses.

scholarly journals Chikungunya Manifestations and Viremia in Patients Who Presented to the Fever Clinic at Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during the 2019 Outbreak in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hisham A Imad ◽  
Juthamas Phadungsombat ◽  
Emi E Nakayama ◽  
Sajikapon Kludkleeb ◽  
Wasin Matsee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
The Family ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Chikungunya virus is an Alphavirus belonging to the family Togaviridae that is transmitted to humans by an infected Aedes mosquito. Patients develop fever, inflammatory arthritis, and rash during the acute stage of infection. Although the illness is self-limiting, atypical and severe cases are not uncommon, and 60% may develop chronic symptoms that persist for months or even for longer durations. Having a distinct periodical epidemiologic outbreak pattern, chikungunya virus reappeared in Thailand in December 2018. Here, we describe a cohort of acute chikungunya patients who had presented to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases during October 2019. Infection was detected by a novel antigen kit and subsequently confirmed by real-time RT-PCR using serum collected at presentation to the Fever Clinic. Other possible acute febrile illnesses such as influenza, dengue, and malaria were excluded. We explored the sequence of clinical manifestations at presentation during the acute phase and associated the viral load with the clinical findings. Most of the patients were healthy individuals in their forties. Fever and arthralgia were the predominant clinical manifestations found in this patient cohort, with a small proportion of patients with systemic symptoms. Higher viral loads were associated with arthralgia, and arthralgia with the involvement of the large joints was more common in female patients.

Sinalliaria, a new genus of Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ying Zhou ◽  
HONG-WEI ZHANG ◽  
JIANG-QIN HU ◽  
Xiao-Feng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Seed Testa

Sinalliaria is described here as a new genus of the family Brassicaceae from eastern China, based on the morphological characters and molecular sequences. Sinalliaria differs from the related genus Orychophragmus in having basal leaves petiolate, simple or rarely with 1‒3 lateral lobes (not pinnatisect); cauline leaves petiolate, cordate at base (not sessile, auriculate or amplexicaul at base); petals obovate to narrowly obovate, claw inconspicuous (not broadly obovate, with a claw as along as sepal); siliques truncate (not long-beaked) at apex. The microscopic characters of seed testa also show significant differences between Sinalliaria and Orychophragmus. Phylogenetic evidence from DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid region trnL-trnF indicates that Sinalliaria is a distinct group related to Orychophragmus and Raphanus, but these three genera do not form a clade. The new genus Sinalliaria is endemic to eastern China and has only one species and one variety. The new combinations, S. limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang and S. limprichtiana var. grandifolia (Z. X. An) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang are proposed here.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) for detection of avian metapneumovirus subtype A

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Lage Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Márcia Mercês Aparecida Bianchi dos Santos ◽  
Renata Servan de Almeida ◽  
Clarice Weis Arns
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Genomic Rna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Avian Metapneumovirus ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Subtype A

Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) belongs to Metapneumovirus genus of Paramyxoviridae family. Virus isolation, serology, and detection of genomic RNA are used as diagnostic methods for AMPV. The aim of the present study was to compare the detection of six subgroup A AMPV isolates (AMPV/A) viral RNA by using different conventional and real time RT-PCR methods. Two new RT-PCR tests and two real time RT-PCR tests, both detecting fusion (F) gene and nucleocapsid (N) gene were compared with an established test for the attachment (G) gene. All the RT-PCR tested assays were able to detect the AMPV/A. The lower detection limits were observed using the N-, F- based RRT-PCR and F-based conventional RT-PCR (10(0.3) to 10¹ TCID50 mL-1). The present study suggests that the conventional F-based RT-PCR presented similar detection limit when compared to N- and F-based RRT-PCR and they can be successfully used for AMPV/A detection.

Mites of the family Pachylaelapidae in Bayburt Province, Turkey (Acari: Mesostigmata), with a new record and three new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÜLHAN ŞAHİN ◽  
HASAN HÜSEYİN ÖZBEK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

This paper reports on mites of the family Pachylaelapidae collected in Bayburt Province, Turkey, during 2013–2015. Nine species were recorded in the genera Pachyseius, Olopachys, Pachylaelaps, and Onchodellus. Pachylaelaps (Longipachylaelaps) bayburtensis sp. nov., Onchodellus turcicus sp. nov. and O. montanus sp. nov. are described to new, and Pachylaelaps (Longipachylaelaps) vicarus is a new record for the Turkish mite fauna. New records extend the geographic range of Pachyseius masani, Olopachys hallidayi, and O. elongatus in Turkey. 

scholarly journals Imunocompetent Mice Model for Dengue Virus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Gonçalves ◽  
Rafael de Queiroz Prado ◽  
Eric Almeida Xavier ◽  
Natália Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Marcos da Matta Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Dengue fever is a noncontagious infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). DENV belongs to the familyFlaviviridae, genusFlavivirus, and is classified into four antigenically distinct serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The number of nations and people affected has increased steadily and today is considered the most widely spread arbovirus (arthropod-borne viral disease) in the world. The absence of an appropriate animal model for studying the disease has hindered the understanding of dengue pathogenesis. In our study, we have found that immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice infected intraperitoneally with DENV-1 presented some signs of dengue disease such as thrombocytopenia, spleen hemorrhage, liver damage, and increase in production of IFNγand TNFαcytokines. Moreover, the animals became viremic and the virus was detected in several organs by real-time RT-PCR. Thus, this animal model could be used to study mechanism of dengue virus infection, to test antiviral drugs, as well as to evaluate candidate vaccines.

scholarly journals Comparison of virus isolation using the Vero E6 cell line with real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of human metapneumovirus

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Matsuzaki ◽  
Katsumi Mizuta ◽  
Emi Takashita ◽  
Michiko Okamoto ◽  
Tsutomu Itagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay

Expression of SSX-2 and SSX-4 Genes in Neuroblastoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Chi ◽  
N.-K.V. Cheung ◽  
I.Y. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Cytolytic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Normal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Cancer Testis Antigens ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prognostic Utility ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Cancer Testis

The SSX genes are members of the family of cancer/testis antigens that encode tumor-associated antigens recognizable by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. Their expression is common in tumors of diverse lineages and absent in normal tissues except testis and thyroid. In this study, sixty-seven neuroblastomas (NB) (12 stage 1, 13 stage 2, 12 stage 3, 12 stage 4S and 13 stage 4) were examined by RT-PCR and a sensitive chemiluminescent detection method for SSX-2 and SSX-4 expression. Seventy-two percent (13/18) of stage 4 NB expressed SSX-2 and 67% (12/18) expressed SSX-4. SSX-2 and SSX-4 positivity correlated with metastatic NB stage 4 (p=0.02 and p=0.006, respectively). Sensitivity experiments showed SSX-2 detection was one tumor cell in 106 normal cells, and one in 104 for SSX-4. All normal tissues (n=6), with the exception of testis, normal bone marrow (BM, n=12) and normal peripheral blood (PBL, n=10) were negative for SSX-2 and SSX-4 expression. Thirty-two BM and 14 PBL obtained from 35 stage 4 NB patients at 24 months from their diagnosis were evaluated for SSX-2 expression. Unlike another cancer/testis antigen, GAGE, only one BM sample was positive, and no prognostic utility could be established. Further investigation of SSX expression at other relevant time points is warranted.

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