Armillaria root rot

Armillaria luteobubalina is a fungal phytopathogen endemic to Australia. First described by Podger et al, this species affects a wide range of plants in horticultural and native environments of temperate regions within Australia, colonising root and trunk tissue. This colonisation causes tissue necrosis and ultimately death of the host, giving it the disease name of Armillaria root rot. This disease has brought about considerable economic loss to horticultural, forestry and amenity plantings. To date, control options are limited, with removal of the infected material as the only proven successful management procedure.

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Relative Susceptibility of Peach and Plum Germplasm to Armillaria Root Rot

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.6.1062 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1062-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

T.G. Beckman ◽

W.R. Okie ◽

A.P. Nyczepir ◽

P.L. Pusey ◽

C.C. Reilly

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Peach Tree ◽

Short Life ◽

Native North American ◽

Potential Source ◽

Armillaria Root Rot ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of ◽

A Site

Nearly 5000 seedling trees representing more than 100 peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] and plum (Prunus spp.) lines were planted at a 4 × 0.6-m spacing in Jan. 1983, on a site with a known history of peach tree short life (PTSL) and Armillaria root rot (ARR). Trees were arranged in a randomized complete-block with eight replicates of six trees each. Beginning in Spring 1984 and each year thereafter the cause of tree death was determined. At the end of 9 years, 50% of the trees had succumbed to PTSL and 35% had been killed by ARR apparently caused by Armillaria tabescens. Analysis of the data for trees killed by ARR showed a wide range in mortality, some peach lines appeared significantly more tolerant to ARR than others. Plum lines derived from native North American species also appeared to be a potential source of improved tolerance. We did not establish whether ARR tolerance is affected by PTSL.

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Ecology and control of grapevine root diseases in New Zealand a review

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5818 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 396-404

Author(s):

D.C. Mundy

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Root Rot ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Foot Rot ◽

Phytophthora Root Rot ◽

Root Rots ◽

Root Diseases ◽

Armillaria Root Rot ◽

Verticillium Dahlia ◽

Black Foot

Grapevine root diseases can result in economic loss during vineyard establishment Symptoms may not be noticed in vineyards until vines die The death of young vines as a result of root rots can be a point of contention between the grower and the nursery supplying the plants In New Zealand root diseases include black foot rot (caused by Cylindrocarpon spp) verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahlia) phytophthora root rot (caused by various Phytophthora spp) and armillaria root rot (caused in New Zealand by Armillaria novaezelandiae and A limonea) Of these diseases black foot rot is the most commonly observed in the field in New Zealand and has received the most study This review provides information on symptoms causal organisms disease cycles and where available control of grapevine root rots under New Zealand conditions

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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ARMILLARIA ROOT-ROT OF KIWIFRUIT

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1992.297.75 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 573-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ian J. Homer

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Armillaria Root Rot

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Detection of virulence genes of APEC (avian pathogenic Escherichia coli) isolated from poultry in Noakhali, Bangladesh

Bioresearch Communications ◽

10.3329/brc.v7i1.54253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 967-972

Author(s):

Farzana Ehetasum Hossain ◽

Saiful Islam ◽

Md Aminul Islam ◽

Shariful Islam ◽

Firoz Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Point Of View ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Gene Profiles ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Wide Range

Avian colibacillosis, caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the major infectious diseases of poultry that bring about great economic loss for the Bangladesh poultry industry. The present study aimed to determine the virulence genes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from cases of colibacillosis in poultry at the Noakhali district of Bangladesh. Currently, virulence-associated gene profiles of APEC isolates were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 24 (twenty-four) Escherichia coli isolates were collected and presumptively identified from 8 (eight) colibacillosis cases from 4 commercial broiler poultry farms (2 broilers per farm) in Noakhali, Bangladesh. The pathogenesis of Escherichia coli involves a wide range of different virulence genes. At this point, four virulence genes, iutA, hlyF, iroN, and iss were detected by PCR analysis. It has been observed that iutA, iss, hlyF, and iroN genes were found in 7(29.16%), 20(83.33%), 22(91.66%), and 24(100%) APEC isolates respectively. Furthermore, out of the twenty-four APEC isolates, six (25%) isolates had four virulence genes, fourteen (58.33%) isolates carried at least three virulence genes, three (12.5%) isolates carried two genes and one (4.16%) isolates had one virulence gene. Most importantly. six types of virulence gene profiles existed within the APEC isolates from which profile number 3 (hlyF, iroN, iss) having 13 (54.16%) isolates were predominant. The occurrence of APEC isolates of this region which is responsible for avian colibacillosis cases can be a matter of concern from the public health point of view. Future investigations will be able to utilize these virulence genes to identify APEC in Bangladesh helping in the diagnosis and prevention of colibacillosis in poultry. Bioresearch Commu. 7(1): 967-972, 2021 (January)

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ANALYSES OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF NOVI SAD AS A REGIONAL CONGRESS DESTINATION

Tourism and hospitality management ◽

10.20867/thm.15.2.8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 247-256

Author(s):

Vanja Dragičević ◽

Tanja Armenski ◽

Dobrica Jovicic

Keyword(s):

Destination Image ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

Successful Management ◽

Competitive Position ◽

Wide Range ◽

Novi Sad

On the congress tourism market, especially in Europe where are held the largest number of congress, is extremely high competition between countries for the host role of the large international meetings that bring not only economic prosperity to the country, but can contribute to its destination image. Apart from the traditional congress destinations, many new congress destinations have been appeared on the European tourism market. The convention market worldwide, and especially in Europe with its wide range of traditional and new Meetings and MICE infrastructure, is extremely competitive. Identifying existing competitors as well as potential ones, is an integral part of successful management of tourism (congress) destination. The aim of the study is to analyse the competitive position of Novi Sad as a congress destination by comparison with the major competitors in the region.

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Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056400040 ◽

1964 ◽

Author(s):

G. M. Waterhouse

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

South America ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Root Rot ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Foot Rot ◽

Damping Off ◽

Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

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Natural Hazards – Nonlinearities and Assessment

Research in Geophysics ◽

10.4081/rg.2011.e2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Gerassimos A. Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Natural Hazards ◽

Emergency Response ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Loss Of Life ◽

The People ◽

Reliable Assessment ◽

Wide Range ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

And Control

Geosciences are developing and applying a wide range of methodologies to assess natural hazards. Significant advances in the site characterization and models development have been achieved in the last decade, but many challenges still remain. Several disastrous earthquakes in the past decade accompanied with tsunamis have required a rapid assessment of the underlying causes of the tragic loss of life and property. Natural disasters risk reduction and control as a crucial criterion for sustainable development and minimizing social and economic loss and disruption due to earthquakes, tsunamis and other hazards requires reliable assessment of the seismic and tsunami hazard, as well as mitigation actions of the vulnerability of the built environment and risk. All of these provide the critical basis for improved building codes and construction emergency response plans for the people and infrastructure safety and protection.

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Cross-border Investigations on the Prevalence and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium Species in Dairy Cattle Farms in Western Mainland Europe

10.20944/preprints202110.0273.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Pinto ◽

Claudia A Ribeiro ◽

Sumaiya Hoque ◽

Ourida Hammouma ◽

Hélène Leruste ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Human Health ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Cryptosporidium Spp ◽

Wide Range ◽

Parasitic Protist ◽

Cattle Farms

Cryptosporidium is comprised an apicomplexan parasitic protist, which infects a wide range of hosts, causing cryptosporidiosis. In cattle farms, the incidence of cryptosporidiosis results in high mortality in calves leading to considerable economic loss in the livestock industry. Infected animals may also act as a major reservoir of Cryptosporidium spp., in particular C. parvum, the most common cause of cryptosporidiosis in calves. This poses a significant risk to other farms via breeding centres, to trading of livestock and to human health. This study, funded by the Interreg-2-seas programme, is a part of a global project aimed at strategies to tackle cryptosporidiosis. To reach this target, it was essential to determine whether prevalence was dependent on the studied countries or if the issue was borderless. Indeed, C. parvum occurrence was assessed across dairy farms in certain regions of Belgium, France and the Netherlands. At the same time, the animal-to-animal transmission of the circulating C. parvum subtypes was studied. To accomplish this, 1084 faecal samples, corresponding to 57 dairy-farms from all three countries, were analysed. Well-established protocols amplifying the 18S rDNA and gp60 genes fragments, followed by DNA sequencing, were used for the detection and subtyping C. parvum; the DNA sequences obtained were further characterised using a combination of bioinformatics and phylogenetics methods. Our results show 25.7%, 24.9% and 20.8% prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Belgium, France and the Netherlands respectively. Overall, 93% of the farms were Cryptosporidium positive. The gp60 subtyping demonstrated a significant number of the C. parvum positives belonged to the IIa allelic family, which has been also detected in humans. Consequently, this study highlights how widespread is C. parvum in dairy farms and endorses cattle as a major carrier of zoonotic C. parvum subtypes, which subsequently pose a significant threat to human health.

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Temperature, Moisture, and Seed Treatment Effects on Rhizoctonia solani Root Rot of Soybean

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.533 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 533-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

A. E. Dorrance ◽

M. D. Kleinhenz ◽

S. A. McClure ◽

N. T. Tuttle

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Anastomosis Group ◽

Control Measures ◽

Root Weight ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Growth Chamber Studies

The effects of temperature and soil moisture on infection and disease development by Rhizoctonia solani on soybean were studied individually. In addition, the anastomosis group of R. solani isolates recovered from soybean from 35 fields in 15 counties was determined. All of the 44 isolates recovered in this study were AG-2-2 IIIB. Five isolates of R. solani were able to infect and colonize soybean roots and hypocotyls at 20, 24, 28, and 32°C in growth chamber studies. The temperatures evaluated in this study were not limiting to the isolates tested. In greenhouse studies, nine R. solani isolates and a noninoculated control were evaluated at 25, 50, 75, and 100% soil moisture holding capacity (MHC). Root weights were greater and percent stand averages higher at 50 and 75% than at 25 or 100% MHC; however, as percentage of control, the main effect on percent moisture for percent stand, plant height, or root weight was not significant. There were significant differences among the isolates for the percent stand, root rot rating, and root fresh weight of soybean in each study. In both temperature and moisture studies, the R. solani isolates could be separated as predominantly causing (i) seed rot, as detected by greatly reduced plant stand; (ii) root rot generally having no effect on plant stand but a high root rot rating and low root weight; or (iii) hypocotyl lesions, having no effect on plant stand, a low root rot score, and a high number of red lesions on the hypocotyl. In the greenhouse seed treatment evaluations of five fungicides, there was no fungicide by isolate interaction using these pathogenic types of R. solani. None of the seed treatments evaluated in this study provided 100% control of the four isolates tested. Due to the wide range of environmental factors that permit R. solani infection and disease on soybeans, other control measures that last all season, such as host resistance, should be emphasized.

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