Mitochondrial DNA variation of the west-coast rock lobster, Jasus lalandii: marked genetic diversity differences among sampling sites

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad A. Matthee ◽  
Andrew C. Cockcroft ◽  
Keshni Gopal ◽  
Sophie von der Heyden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
The West ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Intensive Exploitation

Jasus lalandii (Milne-Edwards 1837), the west-coast rock lobster, occurs in the shallow, cool–temperate waters along the south and west coasts of southern Africa. This species has a long history of intensive exploitation, which has had a significant impact on population numbers in the past. To enhance our current understanding of lobster population structuring, genetic data from the mitochondrial (mt) DNA 16S rRNA gene was generated for 235 adult individuals collected at eight sampling sites. Most individuals (59.6%) share a common haplotype and 35 unique haplotypes were dispersed throughout the range. In total, 97.2% of the variation was found among individuals within sampling sites and 2.8% was among sites. Pairwise ΦST analyses revealed shallow, yet significant structure between Hout Bay individuals and some other sampling sites. The J. lalandii haplotype network indicates a starlike structure with no geographic signal; however, genetic diversity sharply decreases towards the edges of the species distribution. The general lack of phylogeographic structure among J. lalandii populations probably results from the absence of strong barriers to larval dispersal. Based on our mtDNA data there is no justification for the recognition of separate fishing stocks, but the high genetic diversities of populations at Hout Bay and Cape Hangklip, the latter currently outside of marine protected areas, makes these populations critical to conservation efforts.

Jasus lalandii 'walkouts' or mass strandings in South Africa during the 1990s: an overview

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Cockcroft
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
The West ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Mass Mortalities

Faunal mass mortalities are a sporadic, but not uncommon, feature of the West and South coasts of South Africa. Five mass mortalities of West Coast rock lobsterJasus lalandii, including three of the most severe ever recorded in South Africa, occurred in the 1990s and resulted in the stranding of about 2263 tonnes of lobster. The bulk (97%) of the loss occurred in the last three years of the decade. The five events occurred within an 80 km stretch of coastline that straddled two fishing zones and resulted from hypoxic conditions associated with highbiomass dinoflagellate blooms. In each case, the quantity of lobsters stranded was directly related to the extent or duration of low-oxygen conditions. Small females constituted the bulk of the lobster stranded in most events. The lobster fisheries in the affected fishing zones suffered severe impacts. Recovery in one zone appears to be extremely slow, whereas the other zone is more resilient. Not only would a continuation of the trend of increasing frequency and severity of lobster strandings devastate the rock-lobster fishing industry and the employment prospects of small fishing communities, but it could also seriously affect the ecology of the region.

scholarly journals Mitigation of incidental mortality of Australian sea lions in the west coast rock lobster fishery

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Campbell ◽  
D Holley ◽  
D Christianopolous ◽  
N Caputi ◽  
NG Gales
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Lobster Fishery ◽  
Incidental Mortality

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, haplotype analysis, and risk factor assessment of hepatitis A virus isolates from the West Bank, Palestine during the period between 2014 and 2016

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0240339
Author(s):  
Kamal Dumaidi ◽  
Hayah Qaraqe ◽  
Amer Al-Jawabreh ◽  
Rasmi Abu-Helu ◽  
Fekri Samarah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
The West

Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is one of the major causes of acute viral hepatitis. HAV genotypes and its genetic diversity is rarely investigated in our region as well as worldwide. Aims The aims of the present study were to determine the HAV genotypes and its risk factors and to investigate the genetic diversity of the HAV isolates in the West Bank, Palestine. Study design A cohort of 161 clinically and laboratory-confirmed HAV (IgM-positive) cases and 170 apparently healthy controls from all the districts of the West Bank, Palestine during the period of 2014 to 2016 were tested for HAV infection using IgM antibodies, RT-PCR and sequence analysis of the VP3/VP1 junction region of the HAV genome. Phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity and haplotypes analysis were used to characterize the VP3/VP1 sequences. Results All the 34 sequences of the HAV were found to be of HAV-IB sub-genotype. The phylogenetic analysis showed four main clusters with cluster III exclusively consisting of 18 Palestinian isolates (18/23-78%), but with weak bootstrap values. A high haplotype diversity (Hd) and low nucleotide diversity (π) were observed. Cluster III showed high number of haplotypes (h = 8), but low haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd = 0.69). A total of 28 active haplotypes with some consisting of more than one sequence were observed using haplotype network analysis. The Palestinian haplotypes are characterized by closely related viral haplotypes with one SNV away from each other which ran parallel to cluster III in the phylogenetic tree. A smaller Palestinian haplotype (4 isolates) was three SNVs away from the major haplotype cluster (n = 10) and closer to others haplotypes from Iran, Spain, and South Africa. Young age, low level of parent’s education, infrequent hand washing before meals, and drinking of un-treated water were considered the major HAV risk factors in the present study. Conclusion Haplotype network analysis revealed haplotype variation among the HAV Palestinian sequences despite low genetic variation and nucleotide diversity. In addition, this study reconfirmed that age and parent’s level of education as HAV risk factors, while hand washing and treating drinking water as protective factors.

Improving the catch efficiency of the West Coast rock lobster, Jasus lalandii

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Loewenthal ◽  
S. Mayfield ◽  
G. M. Branch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
South African ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Relationship

The South African commercial rock-lobster industry employs an average soak time of 22 h for traps. Experiments were undertaken to test (1) the rate of bait loss with soak time and the effect that protection of the bait has on bait loss, (2) the relationship between catch rate (numbers per trap) and soak time for traps with either protected or unprotected bait, and (3) the effect of two bait types (whole maasbanker and hake heads) on the catch of rock lobsters. There were substantial losses of unprotected bait within 6 h; substantially less weight loss was observed from protected bait even after a 48-h soak time. The numbers of rock lobsters caught in traps with unprotected bait were low relative to the capture rate with protected bait. The highest capture rate occurred after 6 h for unprotected bait and 6–12 h for protected bait. There was no significant effect of bait type (maasbanker v. hake heads) on the number or size of rock lobsters. To optimize catch efficiency, the commercial industry should use protected bait and soak times as short as 6–12 h.

The South African Fisheries: A Preliminary Survey of Historical Sources

2001 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Lance van Sittert
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The West

Lance van Sittert explores the historical records concerning the exploitation of marine resources along the West Coast of Africa, using them to provide evidence of the commerical importance of the West Coast over the East or South. The date demonstrates a boom-bust cycle along the West Coast, pertaining to whales, snoek, guano, rock lobster, hake, and pilchard.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, haplotype analysis, and risk factor assessment of hepatitis a virus (HAV) isolates from the West Bank, Palestine during the period between 2014 and 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Dumaidi ◽  
Hayah Qaraqe ◽  
Amer Al-Jawabreh ◽  
Rasmi Abu-Helu ◽  
Fekri Samarah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
The West

AbstractBackgroundHAV genotypes and its genetic diversity is rarely investigated in our region as well as worldwide.Aimsthe aims of the present study were to determine the HAV genotypes and its risk factors and to investigate the genetic diversity of the HAV isolates in the West bank, Palestine.Study designa cohort of 161 clinically and laboratory confirmed HAV (IgM-positive) cases and 170 IgM negative individuals from all the districts of the West Bank, Palestine during the period of 2014-2016 were tested for VP3/VP1 junction of the HAV genome using RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity and haplotypes analysis were used to characterize the VP3/VP1 sequences.ResultsOverall, all the 34 sequences of the HAV was found to be HAV-IB sub-genotype. The phylogenetic analysis showed four main clusters with cluster III exclusively consisting of 18 Palestinian isolates (18/23-78%) with weak bootstrap values. A high haplotype diversity (Hd) and low nucleotide diversity (π) were observed. Cluster III showed high number of haplotypes (h=8), but low haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd=0.69). A total of 28 active haplotypes with some consisting of more than one sequence were observed using haplotype network analysis. The Palestinian haplotypes are characterized by closely related viral haplotypes with one SNV away from each other which ran parallel to cluster III in the phylogenetic tree. A smaller Palestinian haplotype (4 isolates) was three SNVs away from the major haplotype cluster (n=10) and closer to haplotypes from Iran, Spain, and South Africa. Young age, low level of parent’s education, poor hand washing and drinking of un-treated water was considered the major HAV risk factors in the present study.ConclusionHAV-IB subgentype is endemic in Palestine. HAV showed low genetic variation and nucleotide diversity. Furthermore, haplotype network analysis revealed haplotype variation among the Palestinian sequences.

World wide fund for nature South Africa (WWF) and the case of the West Coast rock lobster

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Taryn Miller
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Responsible Leadership ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
The West ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Government

Subject area The following subjects are addressed through the case: Integrated thinking; professional skills; ethics and values; sustainability; and responsible leadership. Study level/applicability This teaching case is aimed at Postgraduate accounting honours or masters students or MBA students. Case overview The case begins on 16 May 2018, with Jason Roberts, Head of Environmental Programmes at World wide fund for nature (WWF), reflecting over bad news. The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (“DAFF”, also referred to as “government”), have just approved the 2017/2018 Total Allowable Catch (“TAC”) for the West Coast (WC) rock lobster at 1,924 tons, almost three times the amount recommended by the scientific community. The events describe a history of tension between the primary objectives of the WWF and the government; difficulties in stakeholder management, and the potential consequences for the survival of the WC rock lobster and those who depend on it for their livelihood. The different perspectives held by different stakeholders; the relevance of the scientific evidence; the legal provisions in place and the process applicable to making the TAC decision; all highlight the complex environment in which decisions were made; to which the WWF is wondering how to respond. Expected learning outcomes The case’s primary learning objective is to highlight the variety of considerations involved in complex decision-making, also known as “integrated thinking”. Students will be required to critically analyse and evaluate the information in the case, as well as the exhibits; to comment on the appropriateness of various decisions and recommendations; evaluate the ethical/moral responsibilities of WWF; understand different perspectives and the reasons for these perspectives; identify actions and statements that reflect responsible leadership, as well as those that reflect the contrary; and apply learnings from this case to personally reflect on one’s role as a responsible business leader. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

Genetic diversity of Phytophthora pluvialis , a pathogen of conifers, in New Zealand and the west coast of the United States of America

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brar ◽  
J. F. Tabima ◽  
R. L. McDougal ◽  
P.-Y. Dupont ◽  
N. Feau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Phytophthora Pluvialis

Ocean circulation, Stokes drift, and connectivity of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) population

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Feng ◽  
Nick Caputi ◽  
James Penn ◽  
Dirk Slawinski ◽  
Simon de Lestang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Stokes Drift ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
The West ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Panulirus Cygnus

An individual-based model, incorporating outputs of a data-assimilating hydrodynamic model, was developed to investigate the role of ocean circulation in the recruitment processes of western rock lobster ( Panulirus cygnus ) during its 9- to 11-month larval phase off the west coast of Australia. During austral summer, strong northward alongshore winds aid the offshore movement of early-stage model larvae from midshelf hatching sites into open ocean; during austral winter, eastward flows that feed the enhanced Leeuwin Current facilitate onshore movement of late-stage larvae towards nearshore habitats. Stokes drift induced by swells from the Southern Ocean is critical to retain larvae off the west coast. Diurnal migration and temperature-dependent growth are also important. Model larvae hatched in late spring – early summer grow faster because of longer exposure to warm summer temperature, which allows them to be transported towards the coast by the strong onshore flows in winter and reduces their natural mortality. Preliminary source–sink relationship indicates that the population was well mixed off the coast, with higher likelihood of settlement success from hatching sites in the north, mostly due to higher surface temperature. Weighted with the breeding stock distribution, the area between 27.5°S and 29.5°S, including the Abrolhos Islands, is the most important hatching area to the success of settlement.

scholarly journals Roseibacterium elongatum gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacterium isolated from the west coast of Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Suzuki ◽  
Youichirou Mori ◽  
Yukimasa Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
The West ◽  
Shark Bay

A novel aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacterium, strain OCh 323T, was isolated from sand at Monkey Mia, Shark Bay, located on the west coast of Australia. The cells were Gram-negative, non-motile rods of variable length; one or both cell poles was narrower. Bacteriochlorophyll a was synthesized under aerobic conditions. Catalase, oxidase and urease were produced. The ONPG reaction was positive. The major component of the cellular fatty acid was octadecenoic acid (18 : 1). The DNA G+C content was 68·1 mol%. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain OCh 323T formed a novel, separate line of descent within the α-3 group of the Alphaproteobacteria. The similarity value for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain OCh 323T and that of the most closely related species, Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, was 91·4 %. It is concluded that strain OCh 323T (=JCM 11220T=CIP 107377T) should be placed in a novel genus, Roseibacterium gen. nov., as the type strain of a novel species Roseibacterium elongatum sp. nov.

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