Rarity, taxonomy and genetics: the chequered history of Grevillea williamsonii (Proteaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. James ◽  
Gillian K. Brown ◽  
Rebecca Jordan ◽  
Daniel J. Ohlsen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Threatened Taxa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Sequences

Resolving uncertainty surrounding the taxonomic and conservation status of rare plants is of utmost importance to enable effective allocation of the limited resources available for conserving biodiversity. Prioritising threatened taxa that are more appropriately regarded as synonymous with more common species represents a waste of resources. Such a scenario may apply to the Australian entity Grevillea williamsonii and consequently its taxonomic status was investigated using chloroplast DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite data. Haplotype network and genetic structure analyses showed that G. williamsonii was not genetically distinct from, and should be synonymised with, the variable and morphologically similar but more common G. aquifolium. This study highlights the benefit of undertaking genetic analyses where questionable taxonomic status biases conservation prioritisation and management decisions.

Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4442 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID ◽  
LUÍS FABIO SILVEIRA ◽  
CESAR A. B. MEDOLAGO ◽  
THIAGO V. V. COSTA ◽  
MERCIVAL ROBERTO FRANCISCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
History Of

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild. 

scholarly journals Identification of a Natural Hybrid between Castanopsis sclerophylla and Castanopsis tibetana (Fagaceae) Based on Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zeng ◽  
Risheng Chen ◽  
Yunxin Bian ◽  
Xinsheng Qin ◽  
Zhuoxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotype ◽  
Flora Of China ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Sequences ◽  
Genetic Pools

Castanopsis × kuchugouzhui Huang et Y. T. Chang was recorded in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS) as a hybrid species on Yuelushan mountain, but it is treated as a hybrid between Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott. and Castanopsis tibetana Hance in Flora of China. After a thorough investigation on Yuelushan mountain, we found a population of C. sclerophylla and one individual of C. × kuchugouzhui, but no living individual of C. tibetana. We collected C. × kuchugouzhui, and we sampled 42 individuals of C. sclerophylla from Yuelushan and Xiushui and 43 individuals of C. tibetana from Liangyeshan and Xiushui. We used chloroplast DNA sequences and 29 nuclear microsatellite markers to investigate if C. × kuchugouzhui is a natural hybrid between C. sclerophylla and C. tibetana. The chloroplast haplotype analysis showed that C. × kuchugouzhui shared haplotype H2 with C. sclerophylla on Yuelushan. The STRUCTURE analysis identified two distinct genetic pools that corresponded well to C. sclerophylla and C. tibetana, revealing the genetic admixture of C. × kuchugouzhui. Furthermore, the NewHybrids analysis suggested that C. × kuchugouzhui is an F2 hybrid between C. sclerophylla and C. tibetana. Our results confirm that C. × kuchugouzhui recorded in FRPS is a rare hybrid between C. sclerophylla and C. tibetana.

scholarly journals Jumping through the hoops: the challenges of daffodil (Narcissus) classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kálmán Könyves ◽  
John David ◽  
Alastair Culham
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Congruent Group ◽  
First Time

Abstract Hoop-petticoat daffodils are a morphologically congruent group comprised of two distinct lineages in molecular phylogenetic trees of Narcissus. It is possible that the morphological similarity is a product of both historic and current low-level gene flow between these lineages. For the first time, we report population sampling from across the entire range of distribution covering the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. In total, 455 samples were collected from 59 populations. Plastid DNA sequences of matK and ndhF were generated alongside 11 microsatellite loci to permit comparison between plastid and nuclear lineage histories. The plastid DNA phylogenetic tree was highly congruent with previous molecular studies and supported the recognition of these two lineages of hoop-petticoat daffodils as separate sections. Assignment of samples to sections sometimes differed between plastid DNA and (nuclear) microsatellite data. In these cases, the taxa had previously been the focus of dissent in taxonomic placement based on morphology. These discrepancies could be explained by hybridization and introgression among the two lineages during the evolution of hoop-petticoat daffodils, and shows that placement of species in sections is dependent on the source of data used. This study underlines the complex evolutionary history of Narcissus and highlights the discrepancies between floral morphology and phylogeny, which provides a continuing challenge for the systematics of Narcissus.

Taxonomic status and genetic differentiation of Hyrcanian Castanea based on noncoding chloroplast DNA sequences data

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1611-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Yousefzadeh ◽  
Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar ◽  
Fatemeh Akbarzadeh ◽  
Nicholas P. Tippery
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Sequences

A taxonomic revision of Cardamine L. (Brassicaceae) in New Zealand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 330 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER B. HEENAN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of

A taxonomic revision of the cosmopolitan genus Cardamine is presented for New Zealand. Previous systematic research and the taxonomic history of Cardamine in New Zealand is reviewed, and a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences shows most of the species of Cardamine in New Zealand and Australia are closely related. Forty one taxa indigenous to New Zealand are recognised, with thirty-one species newly named and described, ten previously named taxa are accepted, including C. depressa with two subspecies and a new name is provided for one species. An additional four species are accepted as naturalised in New Zealand. Descriptions are presented for all taxa, along with information on distribution, habitats and conservation status. All taxa are illustrated, distribution maps provided, and a dichotomous key presented to assist with identification.

Genetic structure of Quercus gilva Blume in Japan as revealed by chloroplast DNA sequences

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nami Sugiura ◽  
Dingqin Tang ◽  
Hiroyuki Kurokochi ◽  
Yoko Saito ◽  
Yuji Ide
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mononucleotide Repeat ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Sequences ◽  
Evergreen Oak

Quercus gilva (Blume) is an evergreen oak species that is native to Japan, China, and Taiwan. Because of a long history of human impact, this species is threatened with extinction in several regions of Japan. The objective of this study was to identify the genetic structure of Q. gilva based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequencing analysis. We collected 123 samples from 25 populations in Japan, 8 samples from 1 population in China, and 46 samples from 5 populations in Taiwan. Approximately 1815 bp of cpDNA was sequenced for each of the 177 samples. Thirteen haplotypes were detected, with no cross-region distribution of haplotypes among the three geographically separated countries. There were large genetic differences among populations (GST = 0.824, [Formula: see text] = 0.937). Six haplotypes (haplotypes 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, and 5) were detected in Japan; haplotype 4a was the most common, detected from 20 populations, and the other rare haplotypes, except for haplotype 4b, occurred at the edge of the species’ distribution. In addition, four haplotypes (haplotypes 1, 2, 3, and 5) were quite different from the predominant haplotype (haplotype 4a), with more than four cpDNA mutations except for a mononucleotide repeat, suggesting that populations with these rare haplotypes should be conserved separately.

Molecular phylogeny of the freshwater prawn genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), with emphasis on the relationships among selected American species

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo G. Pileggi ◽  
Fernando L. Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

The genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 is one of the best examples of widespread crustacean genera distributed globally throughout tropical and subtropical waters. Previous investigators have noted the systematic complexity of the group, and have suggested rearrangements within the family Palaemonidae. Our phylogenetic analysis of new mitochondrial DNA sequences of 58 species of Macrobrachium distributed mainly in America support the hypothesis of monophyly of this genus, if Cryphiops Dana, 1852 is accepted as a generic synonym. We concluded that the independent evolution of different types of life cycle (abbreviated larval development – ALD and extended larval development – ELD) must have occurred more than once in the history of the group. Similarly, we also concluded that the current type species of the genus, Macrobrachium americanum Bate, 1868, should not be considered valid, as previously proposed. The synonymy of two members of the ‘olfersi’ species complex (M. birai Lobão, Melo & Fernandes, 1986 and M. holthuisi Genofre & Lobão, 1978) with M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836) was confirmed. Similar results were found in comparing M. petronioi Melo, Lobão & Fernandes, 1986 and M. potiuna (Müller, 1880), in which the genetic divergence placed M. petronioi within the level of intraspecific variation of M. potiuna. The taxonomic status of the genus Cryphiops, as well as theories on the origin of Macrobrachium, is also called into question.

Species delimitation, bioclimatic range, and conservation status of the threatened lichen Fuscopannaria confusa

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor CARLSEN ◽  
Mika BENDIKSBY ◽  
Tom H. HOFTON ◽  
Sigve REISO ◽  
Vegar BAKKESTUEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Suitable Habitats

AbstractFuscopannaria confusa is a rare lichen restricted to very humid localities in boreal forests. Two Fuscopannaria species, F. ahlneri and F. mediterranea, and Parmeliella parvula are morphologically problematic to distinguish from F. confusa. Our aim with the present study was to evaluate the taxonomic status of F. confusa and thereby clarify its conservation status in Norway. By phylogenetic analysis of multi-locus DNA sequences, we show that F. confusa is genetically well distinguished from F. ahlneri,F. mediterranea, and P. parvula. Fuscopannaria confusa should therefore be treated as a separate species. A species distribution modelling analysis indicates that F. confusa has a slightly continental but potentially wide geographic distribution in Norway. However, suitable localities are continuously being destroyed by clear-cut logging and hydroelectric power development. Because of the decline in suitable habitats, F. confusa should be regarded as highly threatened in Norway and listed as EN (endangered) at the national level.

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