Effects of supplementary food on the winter inhibition of reproduction in male and female four-striped field mice (Rhabdomys pumilio)

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jackson ◽  
R. T. F. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Rhabdomys Pumilio ◽  
Seasonally Breeding

The effects of winter food supplementation on reproduction in the seasonally breeding four-striped field mouse Rhabdomys pumilio were investigated at Mountain Zebra National Park in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. On both control and supplemented grids, reproductive activity in females was inhibited; no pregnant females were collected and juveniles were only present in the first winter month. The provision of additional food resulted in an increase in body mass and mass of the male and female reproductive organs. However, all males, from both grids, were spermatogenically active. Ovarian activity was not stimulated by the provision of additional food, but the development of the uterus was and the endometrium was thicker and more vascularised in mice from the supplemented grid than from the control grid. We conclude that seasonal reproduction in R. pumilio is controlled by the females, in which reproductive activity is inhibited in winter. However, the provision of supplementary food was not sufficient to override the reproductive inhibition.

Analisis Isi Lambung Ikan Selais Terang Bulan (Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Valenciennes 1840) Di Desa Rantau Kasih Sungai Kampar Kiri Propinsi Riau

Biospecies ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ermi Yeni ◽  
Roza Elvyra
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Main Food

The study on gut content of Selais Terang Bulan fish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis) in Rantau Kasih village Kampar Kiri river was conducted from Februari- April 2017. The purpose of this study was to know about gut content of Selais Terang Bulan fish which was categorized as main food, supplementary food and additional food. The analysis is done based on the instruction of Natardjan and Jhingran (1961). The gut content was analized using the Index of preponderance.  The result revealed that  the main food of  Selais Terang Bulan fish in Rantau Kasih village is adult Arthropoda with IP value (78.85%), and supplementary food is caterpillar (25.15%). Male and female fishes at have main food of adult Arthropoda with different percentages are (82.81%) male and female (71.32%). Based on the gut content analysis of Selais Terang Bulan fish was a carnivorous fish.

scholarly journals Analisis Isi Lambung Ikan Selais Terang Bulan (Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Valenciennes 1840) di Desa Rantau Kasih Sungai Kampar Kiri Propinsi Riau

Biospecies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermi YENI ◽  
Roza ELVYRA
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Main Food

The study on gut content of Selais Terang Bulan fish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis) in Rantau Kasih village Kampar Kiri river was conducted from Februari-April 2017. The purpose of this study was to know about gut content of Selais Terang Bulan fish which was categorized as main food, supplementary food and additional food. The analysis is done based on the instruction of Natardjan and Jhingran (1961). The gut content was analized using the Index of preponderance. The result revealed that  the main food of  Selais Terang Bulan fish in Rantau Kasih village is adult Arthropoda with IP value (78.85%), and supplementary food is caterpillar (25.15%). Male and female fishes at have main food of adult Arthropoda with different percentages are (82.81%) male and female (71.32%). Based on the gut content analysis of Selais Terang Bulan fish was a carnivorous fish. Keyword: gut content analysis, Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Kampar kiri river

scholarly journals Gender differences in the inhibitory effects of a reduction in ambient temperature and a reduction in food quantity on reproduction in the Southern African rodent, Rhabdomys pumilio

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Jackson ◽  
RT Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Rhabdomys Pumilio ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Masses

The effects of a reduction in ambient temperature (from 26 degrees C to 15 degrees C) and a 10% reduction in daily food consumption on reproductively active male and female four-striped field mice ( Rhabdomys pumilio) were investigated. In male R. pumilio, both reduced ambient temperature and a reduction in food quantity had an inhibitory effect on spermatogenesis and on size of the reproductive organs, and this was greatest when the two factors were combined and the effect of fat was removed. Female R. pumilio responded differently and reproduction was inhibited by a reduction in food quantity, irrespective of ambient temperature. The masses of the ovaries and uterus, the numbers of developing follicles and corpora lutea, and the development of the uterine wall were all reduced by food deprivation at 26 degrees C to levels similar to those that resulted from a reduction in ambient temperature to 15 degrees C with a reduction in food quantity. It is concluded that reproduction in R. pumilio from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa is opportunistic, that reproduction will be inhibited by an energetic challenge and that there is sexual dimorphism in the response to ambient temperature and food supply.

Changes in the Male Reproductive Organs of the Dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugondidae) with Age and Reproductive Activity

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Marsh ◽  
GE Heinsohn ◽  
TD Glover
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Testicular Histology

The anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract of the dugong (Dugong dugon) is described. Each testis and its adjacent epididymis lie immediately caudal to the corresponding kidney. The seminal vesicles are large but there is no discrete prostate gland and the bulbo-urethral glands are also diffuse. Both qualitative and quantitative examination of the testes and epididymides of 59 males whose ages have been estimated from tusk dentinal growth layer counts indicate that the male dugong does not produce spermatozoa continuously, despite the absence of a distinct breeding season. Individual dugongs were observed with testes at all stages between complete quiescence and full spermatogenesis, and only 10 of the 40 mature males had fully spermatogenic testes and epididymides packed with spermatozoa. Androgenic and spermatogenic activity of the testes appeared to be in phase, but the testicular histology of some old males suggested that they may have been sterile for long periods.

scholarly journals Small mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Suricata Suricatta ◽  
Rhabdomys Pumilio ◽  
Mus Minutoides

A survey of the small mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park resulted in a checklist, as well as information on relative numbers, distribution within the Park, reproductive activity, sex ratios, and body measurements. Forty mammals species occur in the Park, while three re-introduced species probably do not occur any longer. Of the 40 species 28 are considered small mammals comprising 13 rodent, eight carnivore, two shrew, two bat, one primate and one lagomorph species, as well as the aardvark: Crociduraflavescens, C. cyanea infumata, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Eptesicus capensis, Cercopithecus pygerythrus, Canis mesomelas, Ictonyx striatus, Poecilogale albinucha, Genetta sp., Herpestes pulverulentus, Suricata suricatta, Proteles cristatus, Felis caracal, Orycteropus afer, Lepus saxatilis, Cryptomys hottentotus, Hystrix africae-australis, Pedetes capensis, Graphiurus murinus, Aethomys namaquensis, Praomys natalensis, Rhabdomys pumilio, Mus minutoides, Rattus rattus, Saccostomys campestris, Desmodillus auricularis, Otomys irroratus and 0. unisulcatus.

Parental allocation of additional food to own health and offspring growth in a variable environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Karell ◽  
Hannu Pietiäinen ◽  
Heli Siitari ◽  
Tuomo Pihlaja ◽  
Pekka Kontiainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Food Conditions

Life-history theory predicts increased investment in current reproduction when future reproduction is uncertain and a more balanced investment in current and future reproduction when prospects for both are good. The outcome of the balance in parental allocation depends on which life-history component maximizes the fitness benefits. In our study system, a 3-year vole cycle generates good prospects of current and future reproduction for Ural owls ( Strix uralensis Pallas, 1771) in increase vole phases and uncertain prospects in decrease vole phases. We supplementary-fed Ural owls during the nestling period in 2002 (an increase phase) and 2003 (a decrease phase), and measured offspring growth, parental effort, and physiological health by monitoring haematocrit, leucocyte profiles, intra- and inter-celluar blood parasites, and (in 2003) humoral antibody responsiveness. Food supplementation reduced parental feeding rate in both years, but improved a female parent’s health only in 2002 (an increase phase) and had no effects on males in either year. Nevertheless, supplementary-fed offspring reached higher asymptotic mass and fledged earlier in both years. Furthermore, early fledging reduced offspring exposure to blood-sucking black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the nest. We discuss how parental allocation of resources to current and future reproduction may vary under variable food conditions.

The growth of Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) in rats fed on various monosaccharides and disaccharides

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1175) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Aspects of the course of infection, growth and reproductive activity of Moniliformis were studied in adult male and female rats fed on iso -energetic purified diets containing various sugars. When rats were infected and fed on experimental diets containing either 3% glucose or 3% galactose for 5 weeks, very little growth of the worms and no signs of reproduction were observed. In contrast, Moniliformis grew well and showed many signs of normal reproduction when the rats were fed on diets containing either 3% fructose or 3% mannose. The ability of the worms to grow and reproduce was not lost by maintaining them first for 5 weeks in rats fed on diets containing 3% glucose and 3% galactose. When the diets of such rats were changed to ones containing 3% starch and 3% fructose, respectively, for a further 5 weeks, the worms grew and normal reproduction occurred. Similar experiments were carried out in which groups of infected rats were fed for 5 weeks on diets containing gradually increasing amounts of glucose (6-36%). It was not until the rats were fed on diets containing 24% glucose that the mean dry mass of the worms approached that of worms from rats fed on the diet con­taining 3% fructose; no host diet was found to be as effective a supporter of worm growth as 3% mannose. Under no circumstances, not even when the host’s diet contained 36%, was galactose found to be a suitable sugar for supporting the growth and reproduction of Moniliformis . Results consistent with those recorded for worms from rats fed on the diets containing monosaccharides were obtained when infected rats were fed for 5 weeks on diets containing 3% of various disaccharides. Considerable growth and reproduction of Moniliformis occurred when sucrose was included in the host’s diet, but not when lactose, maltose or trehalose was present. Several of these observations may be related to the fact that different sugars are absorbed at different rates from the intestinal tract. It is suggested that all of a given sugar, when present in the diet at a low concentration, may be removed rapidly from the anterior part of the small intestine with the result that none will be available to the parasites. Significant amounts, however, of those sugars that are absorbed more slowly may reach the region of the intestine in which the parasite normally lives.

scholarly journals I. On the embryogeny of comatula rosacea (Linck)

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Keyword(s):  
Granular Matter ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Areolar Tissue ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Characteristic Form ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The author briefly described the male and female reproductive organs of Comatula. When the ova are mature, and before impregnation, they are protruded and remain hanging from the ovarian orifice, entangled in the areolar tissue of the everted ovary. In this position impregnation appears usually to take place. After segmentation of the yelk, a solid nucleus is formed in the centre of the mulberry yelk-mass. This nucleus becomes invested in a special membrane, and into this embryonic mass the remainder of the yelk is gradually absorbed. Ciliary motion is observed at various points on the surface of the inclosed embryo, which finally assumes its characteristic form. The young larva, on escaping from the egg, consists of a homogeneous mass of pale-yellow granular matter, with scattered nuclei, cells, and oil-globules. It is barrel-shaped, and girded at intervals with about five broad ciliated bands.

Gender issues

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Harding
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gender System

Contemporary studies commonly stress the belief that, even if sex is biologically determined, gender by contrast is a social and cultural construct (Sofaer and Sørensen, 2012). Even biological sex entails varying degrees of male and female attributes in terms of chromosomes and DNA if not in terms of reproductive organs, so that, contrary to the bipolar model of sex, contemporary studies of gender tend to think in terms of a spectrum that includes composite gender or a third gender that is neither male nor female in what Arnold (2006: 155) described as ‘a suprabinary gender system’. In the case of the Byzantine eunuchs or the Indian hijra cited by Croucher (2012: 174–5), these could be regarded as socially constructed, and it is not here suggested that such categories existed in Iron Age Britain or Europe. It is important, however, to be clear that conventional western sexual stereotypes and conceptions of gender roles in child-rearing, food production, and warfare, for example, need not have pertained in non-classical societies in antiquity. Gender issues in the study of funerary archaeology have gained a prominence in the last twenty years not simply as a result of theoretical considerations but also because of more intensive interest in osteological research, as a result of which there has been a greater recognition of the fact that identifying sex may involve evaluation of a spectrum of criteria rather than simple bipolar options. Though pelvic bones remain crucial to assessing sex, the skull and other major bones can also be indicative, and not infrequently the evidence remains equivocal, even where the skeleton is reasonably well preserved. Accordingly, some of the skeletons from the eastern Yorkshire cemeteries were deemed to show ‘contra’ indications, that is male and female characteristics in equal measure, in a gradation of assessment that also included ‘definite’, ‘probable’, and ‘possible’ identifications (Stead, 1991). Furthermore, though sex is biologically determined, osteology may be affected by cultural factors such as the degree of physical exercise that the individual habitually engages in, so that the criteria observed by the osteologist may suggest a physique normally associated with the opposite sex.

scholarly journals Effect of a GnRH agonist (deslorelin) on ovarian activity in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 228-230
Author(s):  
E Cermakova ◽  
M Oliveri ◽  
Z Knotkova ◽  
Z Knotek
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Eublepharis Macularius ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of deslorelin acetate in the regulation of reproductive activity in captive leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius). Fourteen healthy adult females were separated into two groups. Under general anaesthesia, deslorelin acetate implants (4.7 mg) or placebo implants were administered into the coelom of ten female geckos and four female geckos, respectively. One healthy adult male Leopard gecko was added to each group of females (five females with GnRH implants and two females with placebo implants). The geckos were regularly monitored over two breeding seasons (visual examination, weight control). Nesting sites were checked daily. There were no postoperative complications or any other health problems during the study. Implant administration did not result in long-term suppression of reproductive function. No significant differences were found in the number of clutches between the female groups (deslorelin implants versus placebo implants) or in the number of clutches between the two breeding seasons. Deslorelin acetate implants did not interfere with ovarian activity in captive female leopard geckos. The use of GnRH agonist implants is not an appropriate method for control of reproductive function in female leopard geckos.

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