Frequency of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Patients of Polycysitic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian disorder is the most frequent kind of persistent anovulation caused by androgen extra, affecting 6-12% of fertile women. PCOS is seen as a complex condition through a variable origin. It has also been linked to greater in metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of our research was to determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism among patients of polycystic ovarian disease presenting in the outpatient department of tertiary care hospital Methods: The Study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore. All polycystic ovarian disease patients were enrolled. Participants' blood samples were drawn utilizing aseptic methods and transported to a pathology laboratory for serum TSH levels to be measured. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be common in polycystic ovarian individuals diagnosed. SPSS v24 was used to enter and evaluate data. The Chi-square method was conducted to test the relevance of post-stratification. A p-value of 0.06 was believed important. Results: Total 136 cases with polycystic ovarian disease were selected for this study. Mean age was 28.4±7.9 years. Among 136 patients, 26(19.1%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. By stratification of subclinical hypothyroidism, it was found that age >30 years and obese had extensive effect having subclinical hypothyroidism (p=0.00001, p=0.002). Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism may be a modifiable risk factor, associated with polycystic ovarian disease. Steps should be taken to minimize more this risk factor by screening and early intervention. Keywords: Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Polycystic Ovarian Disease.

Protocol on Effects of Yoga on Anxiety and Depression among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Background of the Study: The most common endocrine condition among women of reproductive age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Amenorrhea, hirsutism, infertility, obesity, acne vulgaris, and androgenic alopecia are some of the symptoms. PCOS is a stigmatising condition that has a negative impact on a woman's identity, mental health, and overall quality of life (QOL). In India, this issue has gotten too little attention. PCOS is a hormonal imbalance that affects one out of every ten women of childbearing age. PCOS causes hormonal imbalances and metabolism issues in women, which can have an impact on their overall health and attractiveness. Infertility can also be caused by PCOS, which is a common and treatable condition. Objectives: 1. To assess the existing level of anxiety and depression among polycystic ovarian disease women. 2. To assess the testosterone level in polycystic ovarian disease women. 3. To assess the effectiveness of yoga on level of anxiety and depression among polycystic ovarian disease women. 4. To associate the level of anxiety with selected demographic variables. 4. To associate the level of depression with selected demographic variables. Material and Methods: A Experimental one group pre-test and post-test study design was undertaken to assess effectiveness of yoga (Malasana) related to level of anxiety and depression among polycystic ovarian disease women . In this study a total number of 30 women who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected. Modified anxiety rating scale and modified depression scale was developed to assess effectiveness of yoga (Malasana) related to level of anxiety and depression among polycystic ovarian disease women. Expected Results: This study is planned to assess the effectiveness of yoga (Malasana) on level of anxiety and depression among polycystic ovarian disease. Hence it is expected to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga (Malasana) on level of anxiety and depression which helps to understand the effectiveness of malasana on anxiety and depression among polycystic ovarian disease women. Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the results.

A REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING METHODS FOR EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE (PCOD)

PCOD is a complex heterogenous metabolic disorder affecting 10 % of women at their reproductive age. A well effective treatment for a complete cure for PCOD is still a challenge and evaluation of new strategies to treat this disease is of great priority. This review focuses on two aspects of PCOD, namely types of rodent screening models and diagnosis of major parameters. A fully convincing animal model to study PCOD is still a challenge as they are multi-ovular species. But in many ways, the rodent models are similar to human PCOD. This study explores on the parallels and problems associated with the use of different rodent models. Oligo- or anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries constitute the key clinical features on which the diagnosis should be based. Determination of diagnosis parameters such as estrus cyclicity, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, anti-oxidant status, weight of reproductive system and histopathological features of ovary are discussed along with the currently available treatment methods for PCOD.

“THE EFFECT OF CYPROTERONE ACETATE AND ETHINYLESTRADIOL COMBINATION ON HYPERANDROGENIC AND OTHER SYMPTOMS IN PCOS”

INTRODUCTION- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common, heterogeneous disorder affecting 5-15% of women of reproducing age group and characterized by hyperandrogenic skin symptoms, (acne, Hirsutism and female pattern alopecia,) irregular menstrual bleeding, obesity, dysmenorrhea infertility, and increased risk of metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD-The present study was conducted in a private gynecological Clinic Shivpuri, (M.P.). After taking Consent women suffering from PCOS (Fullled the clinical and USG criteria of PCOS(Rotterdam criteria )) along with androgenic symptoms like acne, hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia with or without other symptoms like menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea were included in the study.. All patients then received a combination of ethenyl Estradiol (0.035mg) + Cyproterone acetate (2mg). The Patients were followed in the third month, Sixth month, and at about 1 year for improvement in various complaints RESULT- According to presenting symptoms the most common presenting symptom was acne 72.72%, followed by menstrual irregularities 68.18%, hirsutism 50%, alopecia 27.27%, and dysmenorrhea in 27.27%. In acne patients, 37.5% of patients showed improvement after 3 cycles of CPA/EE, 75% showed at 6 months and in 93.75%, improvement was seen at 12 months. In the case of alopecia (83.33%) patient showed improvement after >6 cycles. Patients with hirsutism showed no improvement after 3 months of therapy but 54.54% of the patients showed a change in texture after 6 months of therapy and 72.72% after 9-12 months of therapy. Patients with dysmenorrhea reported a decrease in pain after therapy. The acceptance of the treatment was very good. In 86.36% of patients, good tolerance of drug was seen and in only 3 patients adverse effects (headache and nausea) of the drug were there. All the patients were having good to moderate satisfaction with the therapy. CONCLUSION- Since androgen excess is the prime defect in polycystic ovarian disease, its reduction is the main therapeutic target for most women. Our study found that combined hormonal contraceptives containing ethenyl Estradiol (0.035mg) + Cyproterone acetate (2mg) in a 21/7 regimen had a positive effect in the treatment of acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, and dysmenorrhea in PCOS patients.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Associated Diseases and Advancements Through Time

This article is an examination of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. The scientific development and subsequent research on various aspects of Polycystic Ovarian Disease and Syndrome continue to influence researchers all over the globe today. This article examines the research done and published by researchers and scientists considering current trends and data in scientific queries and demonstrates further aspects of Polycistronic Ovary Syndrome. Additionally, this article explores options for its Diagnosis and Treatment while throwing light on its history.

Ameliorative effects of Withania coagulans and Metformin on Ovarian morphology in Polycystic ovarian disease induced rats

Background: Various medicinal herb plants are being used in place of metformin for treatment of polycystic ovarian disease for their less harmful effects. Withania coagulans (WC) is a herb known for its insulin sensitizing and weight reducing properties. The present study was done to determine the influence of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans (aqWC) and metformin on ovarian weight and ovarian folliculogenesis in polycystic ovarian disease-induced rats. Material and Methods: An experimental animal study was carried out at the Physiology Department of Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi from April 2016 to March 2017. Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided initially into two groups. Group A (Normal Control) and Disease induced group. Standardized laboratory diet was fed to Group A while the disease induced group was given standardized laboratory diet and letrozole solution orally (1mg/kg) for 21 days to induce Polycystic ovary syndrome, which was established by observing estrous cycle of rats. Disease induced group was then split into group B (PCOS control), C (Aqueous Withania coagulans treated) and D (Metformin treated) and observed after 14 days. Groups A and B underwent ovarian dissection after 21 days and groups C and D underwent dissection at the end of experiment (after 35 days). Independent sample t-test was used for the comparison between the control and disease induced group. Results: Group B showed a significant increase in ovarian weight in comparison to group A rats (P < .05). Treatment with Withania coagulans and metformin significantly decreased ovarian weight (P < .05) and increased primary, Graafian, antral follicular count and corpus luteum along with reduction in cystic follicular count in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian disease rats. Improved folliculogenesis was also observed in the same groups (groups C & D). Conclusions: Withania coagulans can be a substitute for improvement of ovarian follicular development in polycystic ovarian disease.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of polycystic ovarian disease in professional college going girls of Agra City: a cross-sectional study

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Disease is the most common endocrine disorder among females of reproductive age group. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of PCOS and its associated risk factors in girls of 18-30 years of age, studying in various professional colleges of Agra city.Methods: Sample size for this study was calculated as 1108. Girls from various professional colleges in Agra were approached (n=1280), 36 girls disagreed to give consent and 64 forms were incomplete. 1200 agreed to participate. They were asked to fill up a questionnaire asking details of menstrual cycle and features of hyperandrogenism. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist and hip circumference were taken. Blood pressure was measured. A probable case was defined as a girl with menstrual irregularity or hirsutism or both. All the probable cases were asked for detailed examination, hormone estimation, and ovarian ultrasonography.Results: Of the 1200 girls, 220(18.30%) had menstrual irregularity, 101(8.40%) had hirsutism, and 65(5.40%) had both menstrual irregularity and hirsutism. After hormonal evaluation and ultrasonography, prevalence of PCOS according to Rotterdam’s criteria was found to be 16.60% .PCOS was found to be significantly associated with socioeconomic status I and II, non-vegetarian diet, snacking, inadequate physical activity, obesity and overweight, central obesity, prehypertension and hypertension, family history of PCOS and self-perceived feeling of disturbed emotional health in girls.Conclusions: An early lifestyle modification and health education among girls is required to reduce PCOS and its complications in girls.