Evaluating the efficacy of the EZ-Ject herbicide system in Queensland, Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Vitelli ◽  
Barbara Madigan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Species ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Annona Glabra ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Limited Scope

The EZ-Ject herbicide system was evaluated as a stem injection method for controlling woody weeds in a range of situations where traditional chemical application methods have limited scope. The equipment was trialled on three Queensland weed species; pond apple (Annona glabra), velvety tree pear (Opuntia tomentosa) and yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia); at five different cartridge densities (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) and with two herbicides (glyphosate and imazapyr). Cartridges filled with imazapyr were significantly more effective at controlling the three woody weed species than those filled with glyphosate. Injecting plants with three imazapyr cartridges resulted in plant kills ranging from 93 to 100%, compared with glyphosate kills of 17 to 100%. Pond apple was the most susceptible species, requiring one imazapyr cartridge or two glyphosate cartridges to kill 97 and 92% of the treated plants. Plant mortality increased as the number of cartridges injected increased. Mortality did not differ significantly for treatments receiving three and four imazapyr cartridges, as these cartridge densities met the criterion of injecting one cartridge per 10-cm basal circumference, a criterion recommended by the manufacturers for treating large plants (>6.35 cm in diameter at breast height). The cost of treating a weed infestation of 1500 plants ha–1 with three cartridges per tree is $1070 ha–1, with labour costs accounting for 16% of the total. The high chemical costs would preclude this technique from broad-scale use, but the method could have application for treating woody weeds in sensitive, high conservation areas.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Condition of Communities in Resolving Conflicts in the Bukit Tangkiling Conservation Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptawartono Saptawartono ◽  
Kumpiady Widen ◽  
Hendrik Segah ◽  
Yanarita Yanarita
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

The Bukit Tangkiling Conservation Area has great potential for natural resources, including clean water, honey bees, recreation services, and religious services. There is also potential for split stone, which had been mined by the people from the rock hills in the area. The potential utilization of these natural resources trigger conflicts between interests to maintain the function and existence of conservation areas with the interests of using split stone for the community in order to meet the development needs of the city of Palangka Raya and its surrounding regions, at the cost of damaging the existing area. As an input in managing the conservation area Bukit Tangkiling is well implemented, research is needed on the social and economic conditions of the community’s surrounding the area. The research used survey methods and respondents are determined by purposive sampling and simple random sampling, and data analysis was both qualitative and quantitative. The communities around the Bukit Tangkiling conservation area are dominated by productive age (18-56 years), Banturung Village 59.00% and Tangkiling Village 54.97%. The level of education is relatively low, Banturung Village 72.96% and Tangkiling Village 73.29%. Having low education, most of the people have difficulty in finding decent work. Aside from that, most people do not understand the function of the forest or the function of the conservation area and tend to be apathetic about the existence of the Bukit Tangkiling conservation area that must be preserved. For some of these poorly educated people, the work of mining rocks is the best alternative to meeting the economic needs of the household. Income obtained from mining rock ranges from 2-4 million IRD per month.

scholarly journals Mobile Application Development for Spectral Signature of Weed Species in Rice Farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Athirah Roslin ◽  
Nik Norasma Che’Ya ◽  
Nursyazyla Sulaiman ◽  
Lutfi Amir Nor Alahyadi ◽  
Mohd Razi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Master Builder ◽  
And Control

Weed infestation happens when there is intense competition between rice and weeds for light, nutrients and water. These conditions need to be monitored and controlled to lower the growth of weeds as they affected crops production. The characteristics of weeds and rice are challenging to differentiate macroscopically. However, information can be acquired using a spectral signature graph. Hence, this study emphasises using the spectral signature of weed species and rice in a rice field. The study aims to generate a spectral signature graph of weeds in rice fields and develop a mobile application for the spectral signature of weeds. Six weeds were identified in Ladang Merdeka using Fieldspec HandHeld 2 Spectroradiometer. All the spectral signatures were stored in a spectral database using Apps Master Builder, viewed using smartphones. The results from the spectral signature graph show that the jungle rice (Echinochloa spp.) has the highest near-infrared (NIR) reflectance. In contrast, the saromacca grass (Ischaemum rugosum) shows the lowest NIR reflectance. Then, the first derivative (FD) analysis was run to visualise the separation of each species, and the 710 nm to 750 nm region shows the highest separation. It shows that the weed species can be identified using spectral signature by FD analysis with accurate separation. The mobile application was developed to provide information about the weeds and control methods to the users. Users can access information regarding weeds and take action based on the recommendations of the mobile application.

scholarly journals The impact of stubble crop on spring barley weed infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Anna Komorowska ◽  
Grażyna Nurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The condition and degree of weed infestation were determined in a spring barely crop grown in a short-term monoculture after mulching the soil with plants grown as a stubble crop (the control treatment without cover crop – lacy phacelia, white mustard, sunflower). The field experiment was carried out in 2010–2013 on good rye soil complex using a split-block design in four replications. The obtained results (the mean from all years of the experiment) showed that the stubble crop, especially sunflower, reduced the diversity of weed species without causing at the same time changes in weed species dominance. In all the control treatments of the experiment, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> were the dominant species. The degree of spring barley weed infestation depended on the species grown in the cover crop. White mustard and lacy phacelia slightly increased the number of weeds but their fresh matter significantly increased. However, the sunflower cover crop significantly increased the number of weeds without any substantial differentiation of their fresh mass.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of distribution of unseeded species in crops of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
V. Olifirovich
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Weed Infestation

The article investigated the species composition and dynamics of changes in the contamination of agrophytocenoses of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass stand. In the crops of perennial grasses, 34 weed species belonging to 12 botanical kind were found in the first three years of use of the grass stand. In the structure of weed infestation of perennial grasses, the species of the Astra kind of weeds dominated, which were represented by stanktis annual, dandelion, yarrow, field thistle.

EFFECT OF POPULATION DENSITY OF SWEET POTATO ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE-SWEET POTATO INTERCROP FOR WEEDS SUPPRESSION IN SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Felix O Takim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Weed Infestation

ABSTRACT Maize–sweet potato intercropping often results in weed suppression and increased crop productivity. This study was designed to determine the appropriate planting time and optimal density of sweet potato in a maize-sweet potato intercropping system that will minimize weed infestation and improve yield of the component crops in a drought-prone southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and 3 replications in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The main plots were planting time (May, June and July) while the sub-plots consisted of 3 maize-sweet potato intercropping populations(maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato, maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 66,666 plants/ha of sweet potato and maize at 53,333 plants/ha +99,999plants/ha of sweet potato), sole maize at 53,333 plants/ha and sole sweet potato at 33,333 plants/ha. The results revealed that, 7 weed species were the most prevalent and there was inconsistent effect of planting date on weed flushes while weed smothering efficiency of intercropping was between 31 to 49 % and 48 to 73% for weed density and weed biomass, respectively. Intercropping resulted in land equivalent ratios (LER) of 1.29 to 1.74 while the competitive ability of maize was increased with an increase in sweet potato density. Planting in the month of June had significantly higher tuber yield of 9.56 t/ha of sweet potato and maize grain yield of 3.28 t/ha while intercropping 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato (1 vine of sweet potato planted at 0.40m apart on the ridge and 0.75m between ridges) and maize at 53,333 plants/ha (0.25m x 0.75m) gave an intercrop yield of 7.32 t/ha tubers and 3.46 t/ha grain yield with highest LER of 1.74, a net profit of ₦566,435.00 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44 was relatively similar to sole sweet potato. Therefore, the above intercropping pattern established in the month of June will minimize weed infestation and improve productivity of maize and sweet potato in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria.

Performance and weed-suppressive potential of selected pasture legumes against annual weeds in south-eastern Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Saliya Gurusinghe ◽  
Paul A. Weston ◽  
William B. Brown ◽  
Jane C. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Weed Suppressive Ability ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Mixed farming systems have traditionally incorporated subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) as key components of the pasture phase across south-eastern Australia. However, poor adaptation of subterranean clover to acidic soils, insufficient and inconsistent rainfall, high input costs, soil acidification and the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds have reduced efficacy of some traditional clover species in recent years. To overcome these challenges, numerous novel pasture species have been selectively improved and released for establishment in Australia. Despite their suitability to Australian climate and soils, limited knowledge exists regarding their weed-suppressive ability in relation to establishment and regeneration. Field trials were therefore conducted over 3 years in New South Wales to evaluate the suppressive potential of selected pasture legume species and cultivars as monocultures and in mixed stands against dominant annual pasture weeds. Pasture and weed biomass varied significantly between pasture species when sown as monocultures, but mixtures of several species did not differ with regard to establishment and subsequent weed infestation. Arrowleaf clover (T. vesiculosum Savi.) and biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) cv. Casbah showed improved stand establishment, with higher biomass and reduced weed infestation compared with other pasture species. Generally, weed suppression was positively correlated with pasture biomass; however, yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.) cv. Santorini exhibited greater weed suppression than other pasture legumes while producing lower biomass, thereby suggesting a mechanism other than competition for resources affecting weed-suppressive ability. Over the period 2015–17, arrowleaf clover and biserrula cv. Casbah were generally the most consistent annual pasture legumes with respect to yearly regeneration and suppression of annual pasture weed species.

scholarly journals Weeds and Their Effect on the Performance of Maize and Finger Millet in Mid-Hills of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tika Bahadur Karki ◽  
Shrawan K. Sah ◽  
Resam B. Thapa ◽  
Andrew J. McDonald ◽  
Adam S. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Weed Infestation

Relay cropping of maize with fingermillet (maize/fingermillet) is the predominant cropping system for sustaining food security situation in the hilly regions of Nepal. In this region weed pressure severely reduces crop yields. Basic information on weed species composition, biomass production and their effect on crop yields and economics are lacking for this region. This information will be necessary to develop effective weed management strategies for the future. In light of this an empirical study was carried out in two representatives mid hill districts of Parbat and Baglung during summer season of 2010/2011 in Nepal. A total of 10 major weed species with densities of 172 in Parbat and 311 per 0.25m2 area in Baglung were observed. The highest percentage of both relative and absolute densities were recorded for Ageratum conyzoides in Parbat and Polygonum chinensis in Baglung. Weed infestation under farmers practice of crop management reduced the grain yield of maize by 1.985 Mt ha-1 (117%) in Baglung and 1.760 Mt ha-1 (108%) in Parbat. Similarly, in finger millet it was 0.489 Mt ha-1 (63%) in Baglung and 0.403 Mt ha-1 in Parbat. Similarly, the combined yield of both the crops was also significantly reduced by 79.3% and 61.7% in Baglung and Parbat respectively. Hence, weeds are directly affecting the crop performance in the region. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an alternative crop production system in the hills. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.10790Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 275-278  

Opportunities and costs of intensification and clustering of forest management activities

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Hélène Mathey ◽  
Emina Krcmar ◽  
John Innes ◽  
Ilan Vertinsky
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest ◽  
The Cost

The intensification of forest management in Canada has been advocated as a possible solution to the conundrum that increasing demand for conservation areas and increasing pressure for timber production have created. The benefits and disadvantages of intensive forest management in the context of the Canadian boreal forest are unclear and reaching conclusions about its general value from stand analyses may be difficult. In this study, a boreal forest in Ontario has been used to investigate the potential of intensive management to generate financial revenues and meet management constraints on volume flow and old-growth retention. Two aspects of intensive forest management are considered: intensive silviculture and concentrated harvest activities. The plans are generated with a decentralized planning approach based on cellular automata. The results for the case study show that increasing silviculture intensity can help fulfill high timber flow requirements under strict conservation requirements. This comes at the cost of reduced net revenues but from a smaller timber harvesting landbase. The main trade-offs found were those between harvest flow and financial benefits. Clustering both protected areas and harvest operations could help achieve the conservation and timber-related objectives simultaneously by improving the habitat value of conserved areas and decreasing the operational costs in harvested areas.

Rice weed control: current technology and emerging issues in temperate rice

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Hill ◽  
RJ Jr Smith ◽  
DE Bayer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rice Culture ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
The Cost

Among temperate rice areas, the United States and Australia are most similar in climate and in the mechanisation of rice culture. Many weed problems, even weed species invading rice, are common to both countries; and the present technology for weed control as well as concern for the impact of these technologies to environmental quality, herbicide resistance, and other weed-related issues bear many similarities. Application of current, and any new, technologies to emerging issues in US rice weed control will therefore be directly relevant to rice production in Australia and all other temperate areas struggling with the same challenges. Weeds are a significant problem in temperate rice culture. In the United States, rice is mechanically direct-seeded, allowing weeds to germinate and establish with the crop. In the last 15 years weed growth and competition has been increased by the adoption of semi-dwarf cultivars, high N fertilisation, and, in water-seeded rice, shallow flooding. High rates, and often multiple applications, of herbicides have been necessary to maximise the yield potential of these cultural systems. Advances in cultural practices and herbicide technology have maintained, if not improved, weed control; but nearly 30 years of propanil use in the southern USA resulted in propanil-resistant barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., and after 4 years of continuous use, bensulfuron resistance to 4 aquatic weed species was discovered in California. Although herbicides with different mechanisms of action are needed for alternation in resistance management strategies, fewer are likely to be available. Social and environmental concerns have slowed the development and registration of rice herbicides and increased the cost of controlling weeds. Water quality deterioration from ricefield tailwaters, drift to sensitive crops, the cost of renewing registration in aquatic systems, and weed resistance all forecast reduced herbicide use in rice. Neither cultural practices nor herbicides alone can solve weed problems in direct-seeded, mechanised rice culture. With fewer herbicides and a cultural system highly vulnerable to weed losses, integrated management strategies with better information on which to base weed control decisions will be needed to solve weed problems in temperate rice.

The success of using trained dogs to locate sparse rodents in pest-free sanctuaries

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gsell ◽  
John Innes ◽  
Pim de Monchy ◽  
Dianne Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Scent Trails ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Norway Rats

Context. Better techniques to detect small numbers of mammalian pests such as rodents are required both to complete large-scale eradications in restoration areas and to detect invaders before they become abundant or cause serious impacts on biodiversity. Aims. To evaluate the ability of certified rodent dogs (Canis familiaris) to locate Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus) or their scent trails at very low densities in field conditions. Methods. We experimentally tested two rodent dogs by releasing small numbers of laboratory rats and mice in a 63 ha rodent-free forest sanctuary and then determining if the dogs and their handlers could find the rodents and their scent trails. We divided the enclosure into two halves, east and west of the midpoint, and alternated releases daily between the two areas to minimise residual scent between consecutive trials. Radio-tagged rats or mice were released a total of 96 times at random locations that were unknown to handlers, followed for 50–100 m, then caught and either placed in hidden cages at the end of the scent trail or removed from the forest. Handlers and their dogs had up to 6 h to search for rodents. Key Results. Despite the extremely low density of rodents in the effective research area of 32 ha, both dogs were highly successful at finding rodents, together locating 87% of rats and 80% of mice. Handlers reported few false positive detections. We found that well-trained dogs can effectively cover 30–40 ha of steep forested habitat in half a day (6 h). Conclusions. Despite the limitations of our study design, we conclude that well-trained rodent dogs may be able to locate wild rodents at low densities in forest situations. Implications. Our results support the ongoing use of certified dogs to detect rodent survivors and invaders in conservation areas in New Zealand and elsewhere. Additional research is required to trial dogs on experimentally released wild rodents and to compare the cost-effectiveness of dogs with other detection methods.

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