scholarly journals Lagoon degradation and management in Yanuca Channel on the Coral Coast of Fiji

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P Terry ◽  
Priya Kisun ◽  
Aminiasi Qareqare ◽  
Jyotishma Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
South West ◽  
Marine Lagoon

Yanuca Channel is a narrow marine lagoon separating a low limestone island in Cuvu Bay from the south west Viti Levu mainland in Fiji, known as the ?Coral Coast?. Historical air photographs show significant changes in the drainage configuration of the lagoon and local Fijian landowners give accounts of degrading environmental conditions in the lagoon due to sediment infilling. This investigation found several processes were responsible for the aggradation. Large quantities of terrigenous sediments are discharged by streamwaters into the lagoon, as a consequence of the removal of estuarine mangroves and agricultural practices such as burning and grazing in adjacent catchments. A previous outlet into the bay became blocked in the 1980s after inappropriate sand mining and vegetation clearance caused accelerated coastal erosion. The altered lagoon drainage pattern has led to lagoon eutrophication and aggradation. Developed on the island is a large international resort complex; the resort causeway constructed across the lagoon to the island has a significant dam effect, impeding the flow of currents and preventing the periodic scouring of sand from the lagoon floor. Several modern and traditional management options have recently been implemented to improve lagoon conditions, through partnerships between NGOs, traditional landowners and the resort management. These include riparian reforestation and the establishment of marine protected areas to conserve coral reefs.

Agricultural Land Management Options Following Large-Scale Environmental Contamination: Evaluation for Fukushima Affected Agricultural Land

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegarde Vandenhove
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Agricultural Land Management

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant has raised questions about the accumulation of radionuclides in soils, the transfer in the foodchain and the possibility of continued restricted future land use. This paper summarizes what is generally understood about the application of agricultural countermeasures as a land management option to reduce the radionuclides transfer in the food chain and to facilitate the return of potentially affected soils to agricultural practices in areas impacted by a nuclear accident.

Assessment of management options forSalsola australisin south-west Australia by transition matrix modelling

Weed Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
C P D BORGER ◽  
J K SCOTT ◽  
M RENTON ◽  
M WALSH ◽  
S B POWLES
Keyword(s):  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Management Options ◽  
South West ◽  
Matrix Modelling

scholarly journals The effects of population synchrony, life history, and access constraints on benefits from fishing portfolios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiva L. Oken ◽  
André E Punt ◽  
Daniel S. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Population Synchrony ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Interannual Fluctuations ◽  
Short Time

Natural resources often exhibit large interannual fluctuations in productivity driven by shifting environmental conditions, and this translates to high variability in the revenue resource users can earn. However, users can dampen this variability by harvesting a portfolio of resources. In the context of fisheries, this means targeting multiple populations, though the ability to actually build diverse fishing portfolios is often constrained by the costs and availability of fishing permits. These constraints are generally intended to prevent overcapitalization of the fleet and ensure populations are fished sustainably. As linked human-natural systems, both ecological and fishing dynamics influence the specific advantages and disadvantages of increasing the diversity of fishing portfolios. Specifically, a portfolio of synchronous populations with similar responses to environmental drivers should reduce revenue variability less than a portfolio of asynchronous populations with opposite responses. We built a bioeconomic model characterized by the Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and groundfish fisheries in the California Current, and used it to explore the influence of population synchrony and permit access on revenue patterns. As expected, synchronous populations reduced revenue variability less than asynchronous populations, but only for portfolios including crab and salmon. Synchrony with longer-lived groundfish populations was not important because environmentally-driven changes in groundfish early life survival were mediated by growth and natural mortality over the full population age structure, and overall biomass was relatively stable across years. Thus, building a portfolio of diverse life histories can buffer against the impacts of extremely poor environmental conditions over short time scales, though not for long-term declines. Increasing access to all permits generally led to increased revenue stability and decreased inequality of the fleet, but also resulted in less revenue earned by an individual from a given portfolio because more vessels shared the available biomass. This means managers are faced with a tradeoff between the average revenue individuals earn and the risk those individuals accept. These results illustrate the importance of considering connections between social and ecological dynamics when evaluating management options that constrain or facilitate fishers’ ability to diversify their fishing.

Application of Extremophiles in Sustainable Agriculture

2022 ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Julius Eyiuche Nweze ◽  
Justus Amuche Nweze ◽  
Shruti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

With the increasing demands for foods and other agriculture-based products, sustainable agricultural practices are the cornerstone for improving low-input agricultural production. In contrast to crop production, plant-microorganism interaction (PMI) plays a crucial role. PMI significantly raises productivity as well as maintaining the overall health of the crop. During harsh and extreme physiological conditions, plant-associated extremophilic microbes (PAEM) are known to contribute to crop production, survivability, and fitness. Thus, the application of extremophiles either in the form of biofertilizer or biopesticides is highly beneficial. Extremophiles have been adapted to withstand diverse harsh environmental conditions. They possess unique mechanisms at the molecular level to produce enormous potential extremozymes and bioactive compounds. Consequently, extremophiles represent the foundation of efficient and sustainable agriculture. This chapter introduces the significance and application of plant-associated extremophilic microbes in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Suitability for Improvement of Soil Factors and Agricultural Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh Abd-Elmabod ◽  
Noura Bakr ◽  
Miriam Muñoz-Rojas ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Soil Suitability ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Notable Increase

The dramatic growth of the world’s population is increasing the pressure on natural resources, particularly on soil systems. At the same time, inappropriate agricultural practices are causing widespread soil degradation. Improved management of soil resources and identification of the potential agricultural capability of soils is therefore needed to prevent further land degradation, particularly in dryland areas such as Egypt. Here, we present a case study in the El-Fayoum depression (Northern Egypt) to model and map soil suitability for 12 typical Mediterranean crops. Two management scenarios were analyzed: the current situation (CS) and an optimal scenario (OS) of soil variables. The Almagra model was applied to estimate soil suitability under CS and OS. Management options based on the CS assessment were proposed to reduce some limiting factors: a fixed value of 2 dSm−1 for soil salinity and 5% for sodium saturation; these defined the OS. Under optimal management, the OS scenario showed potential, where a notable increase of the area covered by a high suitability class (around 80%) for annual and semi-annual crops was observed. There was also a marked increase (about 70% for CS and 50% for OS) for perennial crops shifting from the marginal to moderate soil suitability class. The results reveal the importance of proper management to massively alter soil suitability into better states in order to achieve sustainable land use in this fertile agro-ecosystem.

scholarly journals IoT Based Monitoring System for White Button Mushroom Farming

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Arjun Subedi ◽  
Achyut Luitel ◽  
Manisha Baskota ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
White Button Mushroom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Micro Controller Unit

In Nepal, most of the farmers depend upon traditional agricultural practices. Adapting modern agricultural technology plays an important role in improving overall efficiency as well as the productivity of their yields. In modern agriculture, the Internet of Things (IoT) connects farmers to their farm via sensors so that they can easily monitor the real-time conditions of their farm from anywhere. The White Button Mushroom is a widely cultivated crop among Nepalese farmers. Although being the most consumed and cultivated crop, it is still overshadowed by the traditional cultivation approach, which is resulting in low productivity, high manpower efficiency, and more effort and cost. This work aims to develop a monitoring system to monitor the environmental conditions of a mushroom farm. It enables a user to monitor crucial factors such as temperature, humidity, moisture, and light intensity on a mushroom farm through the end devices. White Button Mushroom requires an optimum temperature ranging from 22 to 25 °C and humidity from 70% to 90%. Sensors are placed at fixed locations and spots of the farm. Then, the sensors measure the status of parameters, which are transmitted to the remote monitoring station via a low power Node MCU (micro-controller unit). Thus, obtained data are stored in a cloud platform. The codes for the controller are written in the Arduino programming language, debugged, compiled, and burnt into the microcontroller using the Arduino integrated development environment. The result shows successful monitoring of environmental conditions accessing the Internet from anywhere. It minimizes human efforts and automates production, which could be beneficial to Nepalese farmers.

scholarly journals Erosi Pantai, Ekosistem Hutan Bakau dan Adaptasi Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana Kerusakan Pantai Di negara Tropis (Coastal Erosion, Mangrove Ecosystems and Community Adaptation to Coastal Disasters in Tropical Countries)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aji Ali Akbar ◽  
Junun Sartohadi ◽  
Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan ◽  
Su Ritohardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Adaptation ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAK Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan pantai di negara tropis dan sebagian negara subtropis akibat perilaku manusia. Perilaku manusia yang menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan adalah memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam pesisir tanpa memperhatikan keberlanjutan sumber daya alam dan daya dukung lingkungannya. Kerusakan lingkungan pantai yang umum terjadi di negara tropis dan sebagian subtropis adalah erosi pantai dan degradasi ekosistem hutan bakau. Kerusakan lingkungan pantai ini akibat alih fungsi lahan menjadi jaringan jalan, permukiman, lahan pertanian/ perkebunan, pertambakan, dan pertambangan pasir. Kerusakan lingkungan pantai mempengaruhi kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat setempat seperti hilangnya badan jalan, permukiman, lahan pertanian, dan fasilitas umum akibat abrasi pantai. Upaya penanggulangan kerusakan lingkungan pantai sebagai bagian dari adaptasi manusia mempertahankan kehidupannya berupa pembangunan pemecah gelombang (breakwaters) dan rehabilitasi ekosistem hutan bakau. Upaya penanggulangan bencana tersebut tentunya membutuhkan biaya yang besar dan waktu lama daripada upaya pencegahan. Oleh karena itu, perubahan pola pikir baik pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan, mengelola dan melestarikan sumber daya alam perlu ditingkatkan melalui perbaikan informasi, ilmu pengetahuan, dan strategi perencanaan yang holistik.Kata kunci: erosi pantai, kerusakan ekosistem hutan bakau, alih fungsi lahan, pemecah gelombang, rehabilitasiABSTRACTThis paper aims to assess the coastal degradation in tropical and subtropical countries in part due to human behavior. Human behavior is causing coastal degradation is to utilize natural resources without regard to the sustainability of coastal natural resources and the carrying capacity of the environment. Degradation of coastal common in most tropical and subtropical countries are coastal erosion and degradation of mangrove ecosystems. This coastal degradation as a result of land conversion into roads, settlements, agricultural/ plantation, aquaculture, and sand mining. Coastal degradation affects the socio-economic conditions of local communities such as loss roads, settlements, land and public facilities as a result of coastal erosion. Efforts to cope to the coastal degradation as part of human adaptation to sustain life in the form of construction of breakwaters and rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems. The disaster relief certainly require a plenty of cost and time than prevention. Therefore, changes in the mindset of both the government and the public in using, managing and conserving natural resources should be increased through improvement of information, knowledge, and holistic planning strategies.Keywords: coastal erosion, mangrove ecosystem degradation, land use, breakwaters, rehabilitationCara sitasi: Akbar,A.,A., Sartohadi., J., Djohan, T.S. and Ritohardoyo, S. (2017). Erosi Pantai, Ekosistem Hutan Bakau dan Adaptasi Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana Kerusakan Pantai Di negara Tropis. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan,15(1),1-10, doi:10.14710/jil.15.1.1-10

Carabid beetle communities after 18 years of conservation tillage and crop rotation in a cool humid climate

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Lalonde ◽  
Anne Légère ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson ◽  
Michèle Roy ◽  
Anne Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Crop Sequence

AbstractAgricultural practices affect the biotic and abiotic conditions that determine food and shelter for carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). We hypothesised that carabid communities would respond differently to 18 years of contrasted cropping practices in cereal-based rotations. We measured the effects of tillage (MP: moldboard plough; CP: chisel plough; NT: no-till) and previous crop sequence (cereal monoculture versus cereal–forage/cereal–oilseed rotation) on carabid beetle activity density, diversity, and community structure in corn (Zea mays Linnaeus, Poaceae) at La Pocatière, Québec, Canada. Carabid beetles were sampled monthly from May to September 2006, using pitfall traps. Although 19 carabid species were observed, assemblages were dominated by Harpalus rufipes (De Geer), particularly in the second half of the season. Multivariate analyses indicated a strong affinity of carabid species for the NT treatment throughout the season. Crop sequence and tillage had no effect on diversity (Shannon's H′ ≤ 1.3) and evenness of carabid assemblage, but species richness and activity density were greater in NT than in tilled systems. Peak activity density of dominant species occurred at different times during the season, generally in accordance with preferred breeding season. Many species had greater activity density in NT than in tilled treatments. Because of their granivorous feeding habit, carabid populations such as that of H. rufipes could be an important asset to NT, given the limited weed management options available for this system.

An Outline of the Geomorphology of Murrisk and North-West Galway

1963 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dewey ◽  
W. S. McKerrow
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
South West

AbstractThe denudation chronology of the mountainous district of south-west Mayo and north-west Galway is closely linked with drainage superimposition from a deformed Carboniferous cover. Small outcrops of basal Viséan sandstones and conglomerates, lying on bevelled summits and wide bevelled tablelands demonstrate unequivocally that the west Connaught summit level corresponds to the base of the Carboniferous. Uplift, to produce a pre-glacial divide, is believed to have occurred in Mid-Tertiary times. Upon the uplifted, faulted, and warped Carboniferous cover a consequent drainage was developed. Superimposition on to the Caledonian basement followed and during the Pleistocene considerable glacial modifications of the pre-glacial drainage pattern took place.

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