Effect of humic acid, sodium, and calcium additions on the formation of water-stable aggregates in Western Australian wheatbelt soils

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yamaguchi ◽  
T. Takei ◽  
Y. Yazawa ◽  
M. T. F. Wong ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
...  

The effect of humic acids extracted from coal waste and peat on the formation of water-stable aggregates in kaolinitic soils from the wheatbelt of Western Australia and a prepared kaolinite–quartz mix were assessed. This effect was compared with that produced by adding calcium to the soils. In the case of kaolinite–quartz mix, the treated samples were measured for micro-aggregation since macro-aggregates were not formed under the experimental conditions. The wheatbelt soils were already aggregated and the measurement was of the further macro-aggregation of these aggregates. In kaolinite–quartz, calcium additions alone enhanced the formation of stable micro-aggregates. This effect was amplified with additions of humic acids when up to 30% of the clay-sized particles were aggregated into larger aggregates. This humic acid effect was not observed in the sodium dominated mineral system.In contrast to the kaolinite-quartz samples, the selection of wheatbelt soils used in this study responded little to calcium additions alone. Humic acid increased the size of aggregates in the sodium-treated soils presumably due to the presence of aluminium in the system studied at pH 4.5. The aluminium ions can be expected to act as the bridging cations between the negatively charged clay-sized particles and the anionic groups present in the organic matter. The ineffectiveness of calcium in these soils allowed the positive effect of the humic acids to be expressed clearly. These findings provide another management option for improving the soil structure of salt-affected land because some of these soils are unlikely to respond to gypsum application.

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yanze Kontchou ◽  
Roland Blondeau

Biodegradation of soil humic acids by Streptomyces viridosporus ATCC 39115 growing in a mineral salts – glucose medium was demonstrated. This biodegradation accompanies bacterial growth and is, therefore, presumed to be a primary metabolic activity, but humic acids were not used as the sole source of carbon. This bacterial activity was enhanced when cells were shaken and within a pH range of 6.5–8.5. In further experiments, the relative abilities of S. viridosporus to mineralize [14C]melanoidin, used as synthetic humic acid, were also established. In contrast to the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, another microorganism exhibiting humic acid degrading activity at acidic pH, poor extracellular activities were found in culture medium of S. viridosporus, and veratryl alcohol does not result in increased humic acid degradation. In spite of some peroxidase activity measured in culture filtrates and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the humic acid degrading system of S. viridosporus, in these experimental conditions, seems to be cell associated. Key words: humic acid biodegradation, melanoidin mineralization, Streptomyces viridosporus, cell-bound humic acids.


2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
D. Dudare ◽  
M. Klavins

The aim of this study is to determine the Cu(II) complexing capacity and stability constants of Cu(II) complexes of humic acids isolated from two well-characterized raised bog peat profiles in respect to the basic properties and humification characteristics of the studied peats and their humic acids. The complex stability constants significantly change within the studied bog profiles and are well correlated with the age and decomposition degree of the peat layer from which the humic acids have been isolated. Among factors that influence this complexation process, molecular mass and ability to form micellar structures (supramolecules) of humic substances are of key importance.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Ruzimurod B. Boimurodov ◽  
Zebinisso Q. Bobokhonova

In this article is showing, that the irrigation mountain brown carbonate soils prone methods of irrigation and grassing comes the rapid growth and development of natural vegetation, which leads to intensive humus accumulation. Humus content in the upper layer is increased by 0.98% and a significantly smaller severely eroded. Increasing the amount of humus promotes accumulation mainly humic acids, that conducts to expansion of relations the content of humic acid: The content of folic acid. When grassing of soil traced sharp increase in the number associated with the related and R2 O3 humic acid.


2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Elena Radu ◽  
Elena Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Cristina Emanuela Enascuta ◽  
Catalina Calin ◽  
Rusandica Stoica ◽  
...  

The dehydration of polysaccharides fraction in the presence of acid catalysts, is a chemical process in which results as secondary product humic matter. In our work, the humic acid mixture was for the first time based on our knowledge extracted from defatted microalgae biomass rich in polysaccharides by standard alkali treatment, followed by precipitation at acidic pH. The dried humic acid mixture has been characterized using infrared spectroscopic measurements (FT-IR). Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) were used as new adsorbents for this type of humic acids mixture, their adsorption being investigated. The effect of several parameters such as: contact time, concentration of humic acid mixture, concentration of xGnP, temperature and pH of the solutions were studied. The process of adsorption took place with good results, in the following conditions: at a concentration of humic acid mixture of 18.6 mg L-1, an xGnP amount of 0.01 mg in 25 mL of solution, at a temperature of 25 �� and at acidic pH values, in aqueous solution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
Sergey Y. Zhachkin ◽  
Anatoly I. Zavrazhnov ◽  
Nikita A. Penkov ◽  
George V. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Paul V. Tsisarenko

One of the fundamental tasks in restoring the operability of cylinder liners is the application of a composite coating with a predetermined microhardness value. The authors have developed a technology for applying composite coatings based on iron on cylindrical surfaces, which makes it possible to vary the physical, mechanical and operational parameters of the formed iron-containing coating due to the planned selection of the deposition parameters. This eliminates the need for mechanical treatment of the applied coating, which is the reason for the high degree of rejection parts that undergo the iron-on operation. Contact interaction of the working tool with the formed layer of the composite coating has a positive effect on the value of its roughness.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Li ◽  
Zhiwei David Yue ◽  
Xiaohong Tian ◽  
John Hazlewood

Abstract Humic acids, one major type of organic foulants in steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) produced water, can precipitate on surface and downhole equipment in SAGD facilities, resulting in high cleaning costs, potential equipment damage and decrease of injectivity of disposal wells. In this paper, a cost-effective chemical solution is presented where an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant/chelating agent package can efficiently disperse the organic fouling molecules in SAGD produced water; therefore, the approach is expected to significantly mitigate the humic acid related fouling issues in the SAGD system. In this study, a variety of commercially available surfactant products were evaluated for their aids in well injectivity on humic acid molecules in the freshly obtained SAGD produced water. The lab testing filtration apparatus was specially designed to simulate the sandstone formation geology of SAGD disposal wells. An "efficiency factor" was defined to grade the dispersing performance of the surfactant and/or surfactant/chelating agent package in the lab filtration tests. The efficiency factor provides a reasonable estimation regarding how well the chemical can reduce the plugging risk in a disposal well as compared to the untreated produced water. Among all the surfactant products tested, an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant with the appropriate molecular structure shows distinguished dispersing performance on humic acids in SAGD produced water. However, the surfactant alone was found inconsistent in the dispersing performance when different batches of the produced water were involved. Inclusion of the specific metal chelating agents to the above surfactant formulation improved the dispersing performance consistency. The chelator molecules presumably help destroy the intermolecular bridges among humic acid molecules in the SAGD produced water; thereby, increasing the dispersing effectiveness of the alcohol ethyoxylate surfactants. Tests show that the efficiency factor of the surfactant/chelating agent package is higher than 8, which implies that the formulation could lead to eight times extension of the interval between workovers on SAGD disposal wells, a significant reduction for the operational downtime and costs. This study presented a cost-effective chemical solution to help disperse the humic acid molecules in SAGD produced water, which can help significantly reduce the fouling risk caused by organic foulants, improve injectivity and extend the intervals between workovers of SAGD disposal wells.


2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Benjamin Catovic ◽  
Minela Sisic ◽  
Majda Srabovic ◽  
Melita Huremovic

Lignite is brown coal, which in its composition contains humic acids. Humic acids are produced by coal combustion, which leads to the enrichment of coal humic acids. Lignite, from the opet pit mine Sikulje, lignite ore ?Kreka?, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was fragmented and sieved to the appropriate size and used as a base material. The isolation of humic acid was carried out from pre-oxidized and dried lignite after which it was refined. Identification thus obtained humic acids was carried out by FTIR spectroscopy and its characterization of UV analysis which is determined by optical density of isolated humic acid and its complexation with metal cations. Data obtained by FTIR spectroscopic analysis of isolated humic acids show no significant structural and chemical difference in relation to the spectrum obtained for standard humic acids (Sigma Aldrich). UV analysis showed that isolated and standard humic acid have E4/E6 ratio in an appropriate range of 3?5, which indicates the presence of a large number of aliphatic structure. Based on the degree of humification was found that the isolated humic acids belong to the type B standard while humic acids belong to type A. The most important property of the humic substances is the ability to interact with the metal ions forming soluble or insoluble complexes which possess different chemical and biological properties and stability. The nature of the complex between humic acid and metal cation derived from the heterogeneous, polyelectric and polydispersive character humic acids that occurs due to the presence of a large number of functional groups. Complexation of humic acid is carried out with different concentrations of metal nitrate solutions and at different pH values. Different amounts of humic acids were used for the complexation. The amount of the free metal ions was measured with the ICP-OES methode. The data were also statistically analyzed with ANOVA. The results showed that increasing the pH reduces the concentration of metal ions adsorbed on humic acid and by increasing the concentrations and amounts of metal humic acid that power increases. On the basis of the difference in absorbance between metals and humic acids can be said that there is an interaction between the metal and the ligand and is based on absorbance values obtained can be determine the next set of metal binding to humic acids Pb>Zn>Ni>Cu.


Author(s):  
Viktor MAZUR ◽  
Hanna PANTSYREVA ◽  
Kateryna MAZUR

In today's conditions of agrarian production in Ukraine, due to the rapid development of scientific and technological progress, a significant contribution belongs to scientific research based on world recognition, and publications in scientific journals indexed in the international science-computer databases of Web of Science and Scopus will lead to the possibility of modernization of modern science in agrarian institutions of higher education. It is established that realization of scientific researches in higher agricultural educational institutions is a prerequisite for increasing their competitiveness in the international scientific and educational space. So, agricultural universities, along with the implementation of their main function - educational - are engaged in field research and development of innovative research in the agrarian sector. Today, in our country, there is already an experience in defining scientific research and innovation priorities, but until now, the research of domestic scientists did not take into account the use of large-scale modern information capacities to determine the effectiveness of scientific activity. In this regard, the attraction of information technology in combination with the use of international science-computer databases Web of Science and Scopus in the agrarian sphere will significantly expand the scientific outlook of scientists. The aim of the study is to determine the main advantages of using the international science-computer databases Web of Science and Scopus for research in the agrarian sector and to provide suggestions for the search for data and selection of journals for their effective use in the research work of scientific and pedagogical workers of higher agrarian institutions. The information base of the study consists of the current legislation and normative acts of Ukraine, resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, official data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on scientific and innovative activities, data presented in the international science-computer databases of Web of Science and Scopus. Current issues of the transformation of the scientific system at the state and world levels, which have a positive effect on the level of provision of the research sphere in combination with the staffing component of the scientific and technological potential, remain relevant in modern conditions. Today, we are seeing a deepening of the integration of education and agrarian science within the university sector, which is due to the increasing importance of scientific research and training of agronomists-researchers of the proper level. It has been established that the publication of the results of laboratory-field research in scientific journals indexed in the science science of Web of Science and Scopus should become a promising direction and actively develop among scientific groups of young scientists, in particular, when performing scientific research in agronomy. At the present stage, the development of agrarian production is based not only on the achievements of agricultural sciences such as crop production, agriculture, ecology, fodder production, but also on a number of economic sciences. The studies have taken into account that the importance of research in agrarian science of this interaction is intensified in the conditions of structural transformations of the agricultural economy, as well as the provision of its innovative development, since the integrated interaction of agrarian production, science and agricultural education institutions has a positive effect. In this scientific work, the necessity of the development of science-based research in agrarian universities was determined and the world's bibliometric platforms Web of Science and Scopus were analyzed. It also proved expediency of carrying out scientific researches with the use of science-based studies on the basis of agrarian institutions of higher education. Under the international science and technology databases of Web of Science and Scopus, the criteria and standards necessary for the qualitative use of science in research are researched. Taking into account the results, the main criteria for the selection of science-computer platforms and their indicators were selected: the coverage of Ukrainian scientific publications and publications, the accuracy of data, including the veracity of the citation of the scientific publication, the filtering of excess data, the possibility of obtaining all information about the publication by author. The general characteristics of science-metric databases of Web of Science and Scopus (interface language, data volume, data source, science-metrics) were investigated and the main technical and functional characteristics were determined. Considered the availability of advanced search, the ability to communicate with scientists, the identification of a scientist, the possibility of a reference to a scientific publication. After analyzing specialized literature and sites for the development of international science-computer databases for further thorough research, the course of publications to readers in the Internet space was determined, which is related to the active participation of authors in the placement of scientific articles in such information systems as Google Scholar, ORCID, Research ID. Thus, in agrarian educational institutions, the availability of information and analytical activities in the context of complex changes in the information environment transforms the educational institution into a center of social communication, which is important for conducting research. In this regard, the involvement of information technology in conjunction with the use of international science-computer databases Web of Science and Scopus in the agrarian sphere will significantly expand the scientific outlook of scientists. Information provision of the scientific and educational process at the expense of publications of scientific articles of the corresponding level enhances the role of scientific and pedagogical workers in solving the problems faced by agrarian higher educational institutions at the present stage of development. Therefore, one of the priority directions of activity of scientific and pedagogical workers of agricultural higher educational institutions is the development of navigation functions in the world of science-computer systems in order to facilitate the transformation from the element of research into the participant of scientific and educational work and increase the scientific status of the university.


2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
M. Špaglová ◽  
M. Čuchorová ◽  
M. Čierna ◽  
V. Mikušová ◽  
K. Bauerová ◽  
...  

Abstract Rectal administration is a suitable route of administration for drugs that are either very irritating to the intestine (e.g., indomethacin) or are more effective when the first-pass effect in the liver is circumvented. Microemulsions are a tool for the improvement of penetration of sparingly soluble drugs. They are mainly used in topical and transdermal drug delivery. However, they find application also in other routes of administration, mainly due to their ability to solubilize sparingly soluble drugs. The selection of a suppository base depends on the physical properties of the drug. The study focused on evaluating the effect of the microemulsion as the solubilizer of sparingly soluble indomethacin in hydrophilic and lipophilic suppository bases compared with Polysorbate 80 as the excipient contained in the microemulsion. The reference suppositories were prepared by the traditional moulding technique from Adeps solidus or Macrogol suppository base without the previous drug solubilization. The microemulsion-based suppositories were prepared after the initial solubilization of the drug in the microemulsion or Polysorbate 80, followed by the addition of suppository base to maintain the same drug/solubilizer ratio. The suppositories were tested for softening time, hardness, and uniformity of mass. The dissolution test was performed using the dialysis tubing method in the basket apparatus. The amount of indomethacin released into the dissolution medium was determined spectrophotometrically at 320 nm. The results indicate that solubilization of indomethacin in the microemulsion had a positive effect on in vitro drug release but not as significant as in the case of Polysorbate 80 used alone. The enhancement ratio for Polysorbate 80 in Adeps suppositories was 2.9, for the microemulsion in Adeps suppositories was 1.1, and for Polysorbate 80 in Macrogol suppositories was 7.4 after 3 hours. The test of uniformity of mass had shown that all suppositories (reference, solubilizer-containing) are within the permitted limits. The softening time was reduced by adding the solubilizer to each type of suppository base.


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