Corrigendum to: Road and traffic factors correlated to wildlife–vehicle collisions in Galicia (Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Enrique Valero ◽  
Juan Picos ◽  
Laura Lagos ◽  
Xana Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road

Context Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) are one of the major risk factors for the safety of drivers, as well as a great danger to wildlife that moves through the territory. In recent decades, given the growth of these accidents, some researches emerged to understand what are the main causes of this phenomenon and find the best solutions for implementation and try to solve this problem. Aims The aim of the present study was to analyse the road and traffic characteristics of road segments with a high occurrence of WVC in north-western Spain, specifically, the collisions with wild ungulates (roe deer and wild boar). Methods A nearest-neighbour analysis was used to analyse the spatial distribution of the WVC spots, and so as to identify these hotspots of accidents, we performed a hotspot analysis using the routine nearest-neighbour hierarchical cluster. Then, we calculated the WVC density of each road segment (KP). The existence of differences in the values of variables between high and low accident densities was analysed using a Mann–Whitney U-test for the continuous variables, and a ?2-test for the categorical ones. Then, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify which variables could predict the existence of KPs with a high density of WVC. Key results Our results showed that the daily traffic volume, the width of the road, the number of lanes and speed limit affect whether a particular road marker has a high or low density of WVC. Conclusions We conclude that high WVC is frequently characterised by wider lanes and shoulders, as well as gentler slopes, whereas in the sections with narrower roads and a shorter curvature radius, there are some conditions (low visibility and speed reduction) that reduce the probability of having an accident with ungulates. However, the speed at which it is possible to drive on a given road section is closely related to the occurrence of WVC. Implications These findings emphasise the importance of including mitigation measures in the decision-making when planning and designing infrastructure.

Road and traffic factors correlated to wildlife–vehicle collisions in Galicia (Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Valero ◽  
Juan Picos ◽  
Laura Lagos ◽  
Xana Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road

Context Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) are one of the major risk factors for the safety of drivers, as well as a great danger to wildlife that moves through the territory. In recent decades, given the growth of these accidents, some researches emerged to understand what are the main causes of this phenomenon and find the best solutions for implementation and try to solve this problem. Aims The aim of the present study was to analyse the road and traffic characteristics of road segments with a high occurrence of WVC in north-western Spain, specifically, the collisions with wild ungulates (roe deer and wild boar). Methods A nearest-neighbour analysis was used to analyse the spatial distribution of the WVC spots, and so as to identify these hotspots of accidents, we performed a hotspot analysis using the routine nearest-neighbour hierarchical cluster. Then, we calculated the WVC density of each road segment (KP). The existence of differences in the values of variables between high and low accident densities was analysed using a Mann–Whitney U-test for the continuous variables, and a χ2-test for the categorical ones. Then, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify which variables could predict the existence of KPs with a high density of WVC. Key results Our results showed that the daily traffic volume, the width of the road, the number of lanes and speed limit affect whether a particular road marker has a high or low density of WVC. Conclusions We conclude that high WVC is frequently characterised by wider lanes and shoulders, as well as gentler slopes, whereas in the sections with narrower roads and a shorter curvature radius, there are some conditions (low visibility and speed reduction) that reduce the probability of having an accident with ungulates. However, the speed at which it is possible to drive on a given road section is closely related to the occurrence of WVC. Implications These findings emphasise the importance of including mitigation measures in the decision-making when planning and designing infrastructure.

scholarly journals Comparison of environmental, biological and anthropogenic causes of wildlife–vehicle collisions among three large herbivore species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saint-Andrieux Christine ◽  
Calenge Clément ◽  
Bonenfant Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Explanatory Factors

AbstractWildlife–vehicle collisions are of increasing concern with regards to the continuous and accelerating anthropogenic development. Preventing and mitigating collisions with wildlife will require a better understanding of the environmental and biological drivers of collision risks. Because species of large mammals differ in terms of food requirements, habitat selection and movement behaviours we tested at the management unit level if the density of collisions with red deer, roe deer and wild boar differed in terms of spatial distribution and explanatory factors. From 20,275 documented collisions in France between years 1990 and 2006, we found marked differences in the most influential environmental factors accounting for the density of collisions among the three species. The effect of road density was higher for the red deer than for the two other species and did not level off at our spatial-scale of observation. As expected, the annual hunting harvest – interpreted as a proxy of population abundance – was positively associated with the density of collisions for all species, being the strongest for red deer. While the collision density decreased with the proportion of forest in a management unit for wild boar, it increased with the fragmentation of forests for red deer that commute among forest patches between day and night. To reduce the number of wildlife– vehicle collisions, our results suggest to generalise road fencing and/or a control of abundance of large herbivore populations. Mitigation measures should target units where the collision risk is the highest for the most problematic species.

scholarly journals Habitat Suitability Based Models for Ungulate Roadkill Prognosis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Linas Balčiauskas ◽  
Jack Wierzchowski ◽  
Andrius Kučas ◽  
Laima Balčiauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Collision Mitigation ◽  
Linkage Models

Roads do not only have a detrimental effect on nature (fragmenting habitats, isolating populations and threatening biodiversity), but the increasing numbers of wildlife-vehicle collisions are also a direct threat to humans and property. Therefore, mitigation measures should be placed with respect to animal distribution and movements across the roads. We simulated red deer, roe deer and wild boar movements in Lithuania, focusing on the two main highways A1 and A2. Using regional habitat suitability and linkage models, we calculated movement pathways and the most probable crossing zones in 2009. The prognostic value of these models was tested by comparing the pathway predictions to the real roadkill and roadkill cluster locations in 2002–2009 and 2010–2017. Across both periods and on both highways, the roe deer roadkill locations were significantly closer to the model-predicted pathways than to randomly selected points. The prediction of roadkill locations was also good for wild boar. The roe deer roadkill clusters and multi-species clusters were significantly better represented by the model than by random distribution. On both highways, the biggest differences in distance from the predicted locations were near big cities. We recommended wildlife movement models as an additional tool for planning wildlife-vehicle collision mitigation measures and we advise measures for increasing their predicting power.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF VEHICLE COLLISIONS WITH ROE DEER ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS IN LITHUANIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Galinskaitė ◽  
Gytautas Ignatavičius ◽  
Vaidotas Valskys
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

Rising road densities, vehicle speeds limits and traffic volumes, combined with recent growth in the population density of various deer species, have increased the risk of DVCs across the world, causing a great deal of animal suffering, traffic safety problems and socio-economic costs. Object of this investigation was to find out collisions trend with roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Lithuania. The aim of our study was to determine where in Lithuania accidents occure more frequently and evaluate these accidents in time. In 2013–2017 number of AVCs in Lithuania was recorded more then 12 011 times, over half of 7155 occur with roe deer. The temporality of accidents was studied under three scales – daily, weekly and seasonal. Daily peaks start at 7:00 (8.75%), 8:00 (6.08%). Evening peaks, start at 17:00 (7.71%), other at 22:00 (10.64%) hours. Week collisions with roe deer increase on Friday 14.9%. The risk of collision with roe deer varies over the year – the majority of crashes occur in May 14.7% and November 10.7%. In spatial study localization of collision data with ArcGIS 10.3. It was found that road surrounding landscape dominated by agricultural land collisions occurred at a maximum of 29.77%. 19.10% collisions were recorded in the forest area. In built-up areas 11.85%. Analysis of these trends allow to simulate and predict when and where the highest risk of DVCs occurs. In conclusion, this could give valuable information and constitute a manageable tool for the road managers, planners, scientist, wildlife conservationist who are interested in these type of accidents in regions of Lithuania.

scholarly journals The implications of vehicle collisions for the Endangered endemic Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Harry Olgun ◽  
Mzee Khamis Mohammed ◽  
Abbas Juma Mzee ◽  
M. E. Landry Green ◽  
Tim R. B. Davenport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Ecology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Roads affect wildlife in a variety of negative ways. Road ecology studies have mostly concentrated on areas in the northern hemisphere despite the potentially greater impact of roads on biodiversity in tropical habitats. Here, we examine 4 years (January 2016–December 2019) of opportunistic observations of mammalian roadkill along a road intersecting Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Unguja, Zanzibar. In particular, we assess the impact of collisions on the population of an endemic primate, the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii. Primates accounted for the majority of roadkill in this dataset. Monthly rainfall was not associated with roadkill frequency for mammals generally, nor for the Zanzibar red colobus. No single age–sex class of colobus was found dead more often than expected given their occurrence in the local population. The overall effect of roadkill on colobus populations in habitats fragmented by roads is unknown given the lack of accurate, long-term life history data for this species. Our findings suggest that mortality from collisions with vehicles in some groups of colobus is within the range of mortality rates other primates experience under natural predation. Unlike natural predators, however, vehicles do not kill selectively, so their impact on populations may differ. Although a comparison with historical accounts suggests that the installation of speedbumps along the road near the Park's entrance has led to a significant decrease in colobus roadkill, further actions to mitigate the impact of the road could bring substantial conservation benefits.

Application of a combined and automated monitoring and early warning system for debris flows at the Dawinbach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Schöffl ◽  
Richard Koschuch ◽  
Philipp Jocham ◽  
Johannes Hübl
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Pulse Compression ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Event ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pulse Compression Radar ◽  
Monitoring And Early Warning

<p>After a heavy rainfall event on August 31<sup>st</sup>, 2019, a debris flow at the Dawinbach in the municipality of Strengen (Tyrol, Austria) caused a blockage of the culvert below the provincial road B-316 and deposition in the residential area. The debris deposition raised up to 2 to 3 meters on the road and led to property damage to real estate. The total volume of the debris flow was approximately 15 000 cubic meters.</p><p>In order to control a further debris flow of this magnitude, the Austrian Service of Torrent and Avalanche Control started to construct mitigation measures. They include a channel relocation in order to significantly increase the channel crosssection. Hence the construction company STRABAG is also relocating the provincial road bridge.</p><p>Since the risk for this road section and for the workers on site is particularly high during the construction period, a combined monitoring and early warning concept was developed and implemented by the BOKU, Vienna and the company IBTP Koschuch.</p><p>The monitoring site consisting of a pulse compression radar and a pull rope system was installed 800m upstream from the fan. The combination of the two sensors now results in three major advantages.</p><ul><li>At sensor level, the system operates redundantly.</li> <li>A more reliable differentiation between increased discharge or debris flow is given.</li> <li>In the event of a false alarm, the system provides easier diagnosis and assignment of the fault.</li> </ul><p>Two events of increased runoff occurred during the deployment period. Both were successfully detected by the pulse compression radar. Here, the first event was used for threshold validation of the radar unit. Thus, an alarm could already be sent out automatically for the second one. The road is controlled by an integrated light signal system consisting of three traffic lights. A siren near the construction site can warn workers of an impending event by means of an acoustic signal. The reaction time after the alarm has been triggered is between 75 and 150 seconds, depending on the speed of the debris flow. The responsible authorities are informed by sending an SMS chain, which includes details about the type of process and the type of the activated triggering system.</p>

Evolutionary Modeling of Routes: The Case of Road Design

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Guimarães Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Evolutionary Modeling ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Design

In this study a route is defined as the path that a linear structure or facility follows in the terrain. Linear structures comprise facilities such as roads, motorways, railways, pipelines, electrical power lines, and telephone cables, each of these structures requiring specific technical parameters in what concerns the geometry of the path and having different effects on the terrain they traverse. Amongst these structures, roads and motorways are the group that creates the greatest overall impact; accordingly Portuguese legislation requires an environmental impact assessment (EIA) process as part of the necessary licensing approval. Usually the alternative (or alternatives) that undergo the EIA process is justified in terms of technical and economical issues. The result is that if major environmental impacts are identified by the EIA study, a myriad of mitigation measures are proposed, very seldom the redesign of the path being carried out (Guimarães Pereira & Antunes, 1996). Preliminary studies that precede the implementation of these types of projects are technically detailed and often come together with economical feasibility studies, shelving environmental issues for later assessment. In the methodology proposed in this chapter a multidimensional evaluation methodology, multicriteria evaluation, will be combined with the robustness of a search methodology, genetic algorithms (GAs) to generate alternative road routes that take into consideration environmental, economical, technical, and social criteria. These criteria are referenced to the physical space where the road is to be placed and therefore this methodology is embedded into a geographic information system (GIS). Genetic algorithms are particularly attractive to apply to multi-modal problems, allowing the exploration of spatial features to eventually find “best compromise” alternatives because these algorithms proceed their search by maintaining a population of solutions, that they can simultaneously exploit for their efficiency.1 Moreover, the particular mixing mechanism provides the means to recombine solutions and explore the search space. The remainder of this chapter describes evolutionary modeling of road routes, in particular the coding onto a GA of the geometric algorithm that accounts for the technical aspects of motorway siting. The details of the implementation of the MCDA-GA methodology, running within the GIS GRASS 4.1 (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) and its application to generate and evaluate alternative routes of a section of a Portuguese complementary itinerary (IC7) will be presented.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art review: preventing child and youth pedestrian motor vehicle collisions: critical issues and future directions

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Soleil Cloutier ◽  
Emilie Beaulieu ◽  
Liraz Fridman ◽  
Alison K Macpherson ◽  
Brent E Hagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
English Language ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Critical Issues

AimTo undertake a comprehensive review of the best available evidence related to risk factors for child pedestrian motor vehicle collision (PMVC), as well as identification of established and emerging prevention strategies.MethodsArticles on risk factors were identified through a search of English language publications listed in Medline, Embase, Transport, SafetyLit, Web of Science, CINHAL, Scopus and PsycINFO within the last 30 years (~1989 onwards).ResultsThis state-of-the-art review uses the road safety Safe System approach as a new lens to examine three risk factor domains affecting child pedestrian safety (built environment, drivers and vehicles) and four cross-cutting critical issues (reliable collision and exposure data, evaluation of interventions, evidence-based policy and intersectoral collaboration).ConclusionsResearch conducted over the past 30 years has reported extensively on child PMVC risk factors. The challenge facing us now is how to move these findings into action and intervene to reduce the child PMVC injury and fatality rates worldwide.

Strategic highway improvements to minimize environmental impacts within the Canadian Rocky Mountain National Parks

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M McGuire ◽  
J F Morrall
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Highway Engineering ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Environmental Mitigation

This paper describes how strategic highway engineering improvements have been developed or adopted to mitigate the unique environmental impact highways and roads have within Canadian Rocky Mountain national parks, which are also World Heritage Sites. Three levels of strategic highway development are presented. The first is the recapitalization of existing park roads. Examples are presented from several national parks where parkways and low-volume roads were reconstructed or repaired in ways to reduce terrain impacts. The second is the development of the passing lane system on the Trans-Canada Highway in the Rocky Mountain national parks to defer twinning. The third example is the twinning of 18.6 km of the Trans-Canada Highway. Twinning represents a logical next step following the passing lane phase. This paper describes how highway engineering improvements were developed to address and mitigate numerous potential twinning impacts identified during environmental assessment. Included within the environmental mitigation measures are fencing and animal crossing structures, addressing wildlife movement, biodiversity, and mortality as well as stream, terrain, and vegetation disturbance minimization techniques. Research has found that the mitigation measures have been effective in reducing wildlife and vehicle collisions by 97%.Key words: highway, sustainable, national park, environment.

scholarly journals Using road patrol data to identify factors associated with carnivore roadkill counts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samual T Williams ◽  
Wendy Collinson ◽  
Claire Patterson-Abrolat ◽  
David G Marneweck ◽  
Lourens H Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship

As the global road network expands, roads pose an emerging threat to wildlife populations. One way in which roads can affect wildlife is wildlife-vehicle collisions, which can be a significant cause of mortality through roadkill. In order to successfully mitigate these problems, it is vital to understand the factors that can explain the distribution of roadkill. Collecting the data required to enable this can be expensive and time consuming, but there is significant potential in partnering with organisations that conduct existing road patrols to obtain the necessary data. We assessed the feasibility of using roadkill data collected daily between 2014 and 2017 by road patrol staff from a private road agency on a 410 km length of the N3 road in South Africa. We modelled the relationship between a set of environmental and anthropogenic variables on the number of roadkill carcasses, using serval (Leptailurus serval) as a model species. We recorded 5.24 serval roadkill carcasses/100 km/year. The number of carcasses was related to season, the amount of wetland, and the number of owls killed on the roads, but was not related to any of the anthropogenic variables we included. This suggests that roadkill patterns may differ greatly depending on the ecology of species of interest, but targeting mitigation measures where roads pass through wetlands may help to reduce serval roadkill. Partnering with road agencies for data collection offers powerful opportunities to identify factors related to roadkill distribution and reduce the threats posed by roads to wildlife.

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