scholarly journals Microbiome signatures of progression toward celiac disease onset in at-risk children in a longitudinal prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2020322118
Author(s):  
Maureen M. Leonard ◽  
Francesco Valitutti ◽  
Hiren Karathia ◽  
Meritxell Pujolassos ◽  
Victoria Kenyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Other than exposure to gluten and genetic compatibility, the gut microbiome has been suggested to be involved in celiac disease (CD) pathogenesis by mediating interactions between gluten/environmental factors and the host immune system. However, to establish disease progression markers, it is essential to assess alterations in the gut microbiota before disease onset. Here, a prospective metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota of infants at risk of CD was done to track shifts in the microbiota before CD development. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of gut microbiota, functional pathways, and metabolites, starting from 18 mo before CD onset, in 10 infants who developed CD and 10 matched nonaffected infants. Cross-sectional analysis at CD onset identified altered abundance of six microbial strains and several metabolites between cases and controls but no change in microbial species or pathway abundance. Conversely, results of longitudinal analysis revealed several microbial species/strains/pathways/metabolites occurring in increased abundance and detected before CD onset. These had previously been linked to autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (e.g., Dialister invisus, Parabacteroides sp., Lachnospiraceae, tryptophan metabolism, and metabolites serine and threonine). Others occurred in decreased abundance before CD onset and are known to have anti-inflammatory effects (e.g., Streptococcus thermophilus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Clostridium clostridioforme). Additionally, we uncovered previously unreported microbes/pathways/metabolites (e.g., Porphyromonas sp., high mannose–type N-glycan biosynthesis, and serine) that point to CD-specific biomarkers. Our study establishes a road map for prospective longitudinal study designs to better understand the role of gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targets to reestablish tolerance and/or prevent autoimmunity.

Celiac Disease in Kosovar Albanian Children: Evaluation of Clinical Features and Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Atifete Ramosaj-Morina ◽  
Alije Keka-Sylaj ◽  
Arbana Baloku Zejnullahu ◽  
Lidvana Spahiu ◽  
Virgjina Hasbahta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

Background: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by variable clinical manifestations, specific antibodies, HLA-DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes, and enteropathy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to present the clinical spectrum and patterns of celiac disease in Kosovar Albanian children. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed with Albanian children aged 0-18 years, treated for celiac disease in the Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo from 2005 to 2016. Results: During the study period, 63 children were treated for celiac disease. The mean age at diagnosis was 5.5 years (SD ± 3.31). The mean age at celiac disease onset was 3.3 years (SD ± 2.02), while the mean delay from the first symptoms indicative of celiac disease to diagnosis was 2.2 years (SD ± 2.09). More than 70% of the patients were diagnosed in the first 7 years of life, mainly presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, while primary school children and adolescents mostly showed atypical symptoms (p<0.001). The classical form of celiac disease occurred in 78% of the cases. Sixty (95%) patients carried HLA-DQ2.5, DQ2.2 and/or HLA-DQ8 heterodimers, and only three of them tested negative. Conclusions: Kosovo, as the majority of developing countries, is still facing the classical form of celiac disease as the dominant mode of presentation; as a result, most children with other forms of the celiac disease remain undiagnosed. : Physicians should be aware of the wide range of clinical presentations and utilize low testing thresholds in order to prevent potential long-term problems associated with untreated celiac disease.

scholarly journals Increased prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in the gut microbiota of infants at risk of developing celiac disease: The PROFICEL study

Gut Microbes ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Olivares ◽  
Alfonso Benítez-Páez ◽  
Giada de Palma ◽  
Amalia Capilla ◽  
Esther Nova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria

scholarly journals Associations between Hypertension, Treatment, and Cognitive Function in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3735
Author(s):  
Sook Ling Leong ◽  
Ian H. Robertson ◽  
Brian Lawlor ◽  
Sven Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Epidemiological studies have produced conflicting results regarding the associations between the use of different hypertensive drugs and cognition. Data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationwide prospective longitudinal study of adults aged 50 or more years, was used to explore the associations between hypertensive status, categories of antihypertensive and cognitive function controlling for age, education, and other demographic and lifestyle factors. The study sample included 8173 participants. ANCOVAs and multivariate regressions were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cognitive function and hypertension status and the different categories of hypertensive medication. Hypertension was not associated with decline in global cognitive and executive functions and were fully explained by age and education. Different hypertensive medications were not associated with cognitive function. Consistent with previous studies, changes in cognition can largely be explained by age and education. The use of antihypertensive medications is neither harmful nor protective for cognition.

820 – Prospective Longitudinal Gut Metagenomic Analysis Suggests Altered Microbiome Composition and Function in Infants Prior to Celiac Disease Onset

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-175
Author(s):  
Maureen M. Leonard ◽  
Poorani Subramanian ◽  
Francesco Valitutti ◽  
Gloria Serena ◽  
Victoria Kenyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Predictive Value of Plasma Thrombomodulin in Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (06) ◽  
pp. 1092-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Valsecchi ◽  
Alfonso Fausto ◽  
Danielle Gozin ◽  
Silvana Vigano’ D’Angelo ◽  
Omid Safa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mild Preeclampsia ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

SummaryIn a prospective longitudinal study, 130 primigravidae at risk for preeclampsia were examined and plasma sampling performed in 45 of them. Plasma thrombomodulin (pTM) was sequentially measured at weeks 12, 24 and 32 of gestation and after delivery in 20 primigravidae who developed either mild preeclampsia (n = 8) or gestational hyper-tension (n = 12) between weeks 32 and 39 of gestation and in 25 (age-matched) primigravidae who had uneventful pregnancies. pTM elevations were not observed until week 32 in uneventful pregnancies, but were present by week 24 (p = 0.002) in patients who later developed hypertensive complications. A net individual pTM increase ≥4.2 ng/ml between weeks 12 and 24 (more than 8 times that of normotensive primigravidae) and/or pTM level ≥47.5 ng/ml at week 32 predicted the development of hypertensive complications with 80% accuracy. Serial pTM determinations can be useful to select pregnancies who may benefit from early pharmacological intervention.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Clinical Risk Management for Young Antisocial Children: The Forgotten Group

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Augimeri ◽  
Margaret Walsh ◽  
Sarah Woods ◽  
Depeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Gender Specific

Centre for Children Committing Offences (CCCO), at Child Development Institute (CDI) in Toronto, Canada, developed Early Assessment Risk Lists (EARL-20B for boys; EARL-21G for girls), for young children at-risk for future criminality. In this first EARL prospective longitudinal study, 573 boys and 294 girls who participated in SNAP®, a gender-specific evidencebased model for at-risk children (6-11 years), 8.2% of boys and 3.1% of girls had registered criminal offences at follow up (mean age 14.9 and 14.6 respectively). EARL Total, Family, Child, and Responsivity domain scores, including two gender-specific risk items and Overall Clinical Judgment predicted early onset of criminal activity. Findings suggest that gender-sensitive clinical risk assessment and management tools are important for effectively identifying and potentially reducing criminal outcomes.

scholarly journals Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen M. Leonard ◽  
◽  
Hiren Karathia ◽  
Meritxell Pujolassos ◽  
Jacopo Troisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk Factor ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune digestive disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals in response to ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Research shows that genetic predisposition and exposure to gluten are necessary but not sufficient to trigger the development of CD. This suggests that exposure to other environmental stimuli early in life, e.g., cesarean section delivery and exposure to antibiotics or formula feeding, may also play a key role in CD pathogenesis through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we use multi-omics analysis to investigate how genetic and early environmental risk factors alter the development of the gut microbiota in infants at risk of CD. Results Toward this end, we selected 31 infants from a large-scale prospective birth cohort study of infants with a first-degree relative with CD. We then performed rigorous multivariate association, cross-sectional, and longitudinal analyses using metagenomic and metabolomic data collected at birth, 3 months and 6 months of age to explore the impact of genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors on the gut microbiota composition, function, and metabolome prior to the introduction of trigger (gluten). These analyses revealed several microbial species, functional pathways, and metabolites that are associated with each genetic and environmental risk factor or that are differentially abundant between environmentally exposed and non-exposed infants or between time points. Among our significant findings, we found that cesarean section delivery is associated with a decreased abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei and of folate biosynthesis pathway and with an increased abundance of hydroxyphenylacetic acid, alterations that are implicated in immune system dysfunction and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, longitudinal analysis revealed that, in infants not exposed to any environmental risk factor, the abundances of Bacteroides uniformis and of metabolite 3-3-hydroxyphenylproprionic acid increase over time, while those for lipoic acid and methane metabolism pathways decrease, patterns that are linked to beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions Overall, our study provides unprecedented insights into major taxonomic and functional shifts in the developing gut microbiota of infants at risk of CD linking genetic and environmental risk factors to detrimental immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Response to distress in infants at risk for autism: a prospective longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1010-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Hutman ◽  
Agata Rozga ◽  
Angeline D. DeLaurentis ◽  
Jenna M. Barnwell ◽  
Catherine A. Sugar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease: A prospective longitudinal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
DINO MUSLIMOVIĆ ◽  
BART POST ◽  
JOHANNES D. SPEELMAN ◽  
ROB J. DE HAAN ◽  
BEN SCHMAND
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Normative Comparisons ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThis controlled prospective study examined the evolution and predictors of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consecutive patients diagnosed at baseline with PD (n = 89), established PD (EPD) patients (n = 52) with a mean disease duration of 6.5 years, and healthy control subjects (n = 64) underwent extensive neuropsychological assessment twice, approximately 3 years apart. A standardized regression-based method, normative data, and multivariate normative comparisons were used to assess the cognitive course of PD. Cognitive performance of newly diagnosed patients decreased significantly over time, particularly on measures of psychomotor speed and attention and to a lesser extent on tests of memory, visuospatial skills, and executive functions. About 50% of the patients showed cognitive decline and 9% developed dementia. Similar results were observed in EPD patients. None of the baseline features predicted cognitive change in newly diagnosed patients, whereas age at disease onset and axial impairment (postural and gait disorders) contributed to decline in established patients. We conclude that within few years after diagnosis, PD patients show faster rate of cognitive decline than matched healthy subjects, particularly in domains of attention and psychomotor speed. Selection bias probably led to underestimation of the true extent of cognitive decline in established patients. (JINS, 2009, 15, 426–437.)

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