Translating Non-Denominational Concepts in Describing a Religious System: A semantic analysis of colonial dictionaries in Nahuatl and Yucatec

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Pedagogical Strategy ◽  
System A ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Mesoamerican Languages

In an earlier article (Pharo 2007), the author investigated how Spanish ethnographer-missionaries and missionary-linguists of the Colonial period translated the concept of ‘religion’ into various indigenous Mesoamerican languages. In the present article, he concedes that “assorted Mesoamerican notions may well together, as a family of concepts, be subordinated to the abstract superior concept of ‘religion’. Other relevant modern Spanish concepts like ‘sagrado’, ‘creencia’, ‘ritual’ and ‘costumbre’ etc. can thus be studied in the dictionaries.” In particular ‘costumbre’ (“custom”, “habit”) proves to be a central word among present-day Mesoamericans, not only to circumscribe their own religious practice, but also to designate ‘religion’ as well. As a result, the author, this time, analyses Spanish concepts associated with religion — but not exclusively with Christianity, i.e., neutral religious notions are the object of the analysis — translated into Nahuatl and Yucatec as recorded in colonial period dictionaries. The general hypothesis is that the dictionaries, in particular the Vocabulario (1555 and 1571) by the Franciscan Alonso de Molina (1514–1585), constituted a pedagogical strategy of transculturation at this early stage of the mission, not a radical linguistic attempt at acculturation, in order to transmit the unfamiliar Christian notions (such as conversion) to the natives of Mesoamerica.

Translating Non-Denominational Concepts in Describing a Religious System

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 345-360
Author(s):  
Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Pedagogical Strategy ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Mesoamerican Languages

Summary In an earlier article (Pharo 2007), the author investigated how Spanish ethnographer-missionaries and missionary-linguists of the Colonial period translated the concept of ‘religion’ into various indigenous Mesoamerican languages. In the present article, he concedes that “assorted Mesoamerican notions may well together, as a family of concepts, be subordinated to the abstract superior concept of ‘religion’. Other relevant modern Spanish concepts like ‘sagrado’, ‘creencia’, ‘ritual’ and ‘costumbre’ etc. can thus be studied in the dictionaries.” In particular ‘costumbre’ (“custom”, “habit”) proves to be a central word among present-day Mesoamericans, not only to circumscribe their own religious practice, but also to designate ‘religion’ as well. As a result, the author, this time, analyses Spanish concepts associated with religion – but not exclusively with Christianity, i.e., neutral religious notions are the object of the analysis – translated into Nahuatl and Yucatec as recorded in colonial period dictionaries. The general hypothesis is that the dictionaries, in particular the Vocabulario (1555 and 1571) by the Franciscan Alonso de Molina (1514–1585), constituted a pedagogical strategy of transculturation at this early stage of the mission, not a radical linguistic attempt at acculturation, in order to transmit the unfamiliar Christian notions (such as conversion) to the natives of Mesoamerica.

scholarly journals Extending the embodied semiotic square: A cultural-semantic analysis of “Follow your Arrow”

Semiotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (236-237) ◽  
pp. 275-295
Author(s):  
Daniel Candel
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Field ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Cognitive Literary Theory ◽  
Authorial Voice

AbstractPelkey’s anchoring of the semiotic square in embodiment is excellent news for cognitive literary theory, a dynamic field still in search of itself. However, his validation of the square, though theoretically unexceptionable, suffers in the execution, for his interpretation of the country song “Follow your Arrow” is less successful. The present article benefits from Pelkey’s validation as it organizes a tool of cultural-semantic analysis (CS-tool) as a ‘deviant’ semiotic square. The article then shows how this particular semiotic square allows us to analyze the song in terms which build on Pelkey’s analysis, but also arrive at more satisfying results. Where Pelkey sees liberation in the song and the square, the tool uncovers manipulation in the former and closure in the latter. The article then assesses the complementarity of and differences between the two squares: Pelkey works on a local sentence-level through direct implicature, thus following the narrative/authorial voice of the poem. The CS-tool starts from a position of higher abstraction requiring a less defined, but still sufficient and more wide-ranging, three-step implicature. This allows the tool to step back from the song’s authorial voice and uncover its manipulations. The article closes by discussing the deviant features of the present square.

Silver Miners’ Labor Activism in Pachuca and Real del Monte, 1979–1989

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mendiola García
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
National Union ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Labor Activism ◽  
System A ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Mexican Government

The miners of Pachuca and Real del Monte have extracted silver from the mountainous region of what is now the state of Hidalgo for centuries. In the colonial period, these mines were owned by the Spanish. In the modern period, they were owned by British (1824–1849), Mexican (1849–1906), and American (1906–1947) entrepreneurs. The Mexican government bought the mines from the United States Smelting, Refining and Mining Company in 1947 and kept them until 1989. In that year, the Mexican state sold the Compañía Real del Monte y Pachuca, the company that monopolized most of the region’s mines, to Mexican businessmen (Grupo Acerero del Norte) who kept them in operation until 2005. The silver miners who worked for the company belong to Locals One and Two of the Sindicato Nacional de Mineros, Metalúrgicos y Similares de la República Mexicana (SNMMRM). The union was created in 1934 in Pachuca. Miners’ activism, however, goes back to the colonial period. In 1766, miners went on strike to defend the partido system (a profit-sharing payment) under attack by their employer Pedro Romero de Terreros, the first Count of Regla. Subsequent employers, both British and Mexican, also faced strikes, slowdowns, and threats of violence by miners who tried to improve their wages and labor conditions. In 1934, Pachuca and Real del Monte played an important role in the formation of the national union. Most ceased their activism in 1946. It was not until 1979 when these silver miners organized Liberación Minera (Miner Liberation) to fight against their charro (government and employer-aligned) leaders and to defend workers’ rights. By the late 1970s, the miners of Pachuca and Real del Monte lacked access to proper health care, received low wages, and experienced dangerous labor conditions. Miners were under the control of local and national charro leaders, including Napoleón Gómez Sada who directed the national miner union from 1960 to virtually 2001. The dissident current, Liberación Minera, organized a strike in 1980 and a naked protest in 1985. As a result, miners increased their wages, democratized their locals, and gained several benefits. These achievements were short-lived as the Mexican government announced the sale of the company in 1989. As part of Mexico’s embrace of neoliberal policies, the privatization of the company meant the virtual end of the industry and of organized labor in these areas by 2005.

Traditional Religion, Popular Piety, or Base Superstition? The Cause for the Beatification of Teresa Higginson

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Davies
Keyword(s):  
Popular Religion ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Popular Piety ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Shared Beliefs ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship

Eamon Duffy’s The Stripping of the Altars has reinvigorated the debate over the nature of late mediaeval religious practice and belief, examining the ‘richness and complexity of the religious system by which men and women structured their experiences of the world, and their hopes and aspirations within and beyond it.’ Duffy questions the assumption that there was in that period a wide gulf between ‘popular’ and ‘élite’ religion. In so doing he has not only illuminated the religious practices and beliefs of late mediaeval England but he has stimulated discussion about the relationship between ‘popular’ and ‘élite’ religion in other periods. Duffy eschews the use of the term ‘popular religion’, which he argues carries questionable assumptions about the nature of ‘non-popular’ religion and about the gap between the two. He prefers ‘traditional religion’, on the grounds that it does greater justice to ‘the shared and inherited character of the religious beliefs and practices of the people…’ ‘Traditional religion’ while being rooted in inherited and shared beliefs was, nevertheless, capable of great flexibility and variety.

scholarly journals The Effects of Inhomogeneous Elasticity and Dislocation on Thermodynamics and the Kinetics of the Spinodal Decomposition of a Fe-Cr System: A Phase-Field Study

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Wooseob Shin ◽  
Jeonghwan Lee ◽  
Kunok Chang
Keyword(s):  
Spinodal Decomposition ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Phase Field Method ◽  
Precipitate Size ◽  
System A ◽  
Phase Separation Kinetics ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Cr System

The effects of inhomogeneous elasticity and dislocation on the microstructure evolution of α′ precipitate in a Fe-Cr system was investigated using a Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry (CALPHAD)-type free energy incorporated phase-field method. In order to simulate the precipitation behavior by phase-field modeling in consideration of inhomogeneous elasticity, a Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework was used, which makes it easy to use powerful numerical means such as parallel computing and finite element method (FEM) solver. The effect of inhomogeneous elasticity due to the compositional inhomogeneity or the presence of dislocations affects the thermodynamic properties of the system was investigated, such as the lowest Cr concentration at which spinodal decomposition occurs. The effect of inhomogeneous elasticity on phase separation kinetics is also studied. Finally, we analyzed how inhomogeneous elasticity caused by compositional fluctuation or dislocation affects microstructure characteristics such as ratio between maximum precipitate size with respect to the average on early stage and later stage, respectively.

Threatening criminals and marginalized individuals: Frames and news conventions in reporting of radicalization and violent extremism

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grøndahl Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
System A ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Politically Motivated Violence ◽  
Foreign Fighters ◽  
Depth Interviews

The phenomenon of so-called foreign fighters has in recent years attracted renewed public interest regarding why young people who have grown up in Western, democratic countries come to accept and engage in politically motivated violence, and these issues have received extensive news attention. Based on analysis of news texts published in four major Norwegian news outlets throughout 2014 and 2015, and supplemented with in-depth interviews with reporters, the present article investigates how radicalization and violent extremism are framed in the news, including how news conventions contribute to shape the ways in which these issues are defined in public debate. The analysis shows that authority definitions prevailed. ‘Radicalized’ individuals were predominantly presented as threats and criminals to be dealt with in the judicial system. A ‘marginalization approach’ was, however, also present in the reporting. This was partly due to reporters’ efforts to bring personalized human-interest stories, which, to some extent, served to broaden the overall range of depictions. Simultaneously, issues pertaining to radicalization were mainly discussed at micro- and mesolevels, and more abstract political or systemic explanations not actualized by specific events or easily concretized through foregrounding specific individuals were largely absent. The article contributes new insights into characteristics of public discourses of radicalization and violent extremism, and how these are constructed in the intersection between news conventions and (elite) sources.

The Personal Functioning of Pastors: A Review of Empirical Research with Implications for the Care of Pastors

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spiritual Functioning ◽  
Divorce Adjustment ◽  
Personal Functioning ◽  
And Coping

The present article surveys the available empirical research on the personal (psychological/spiritual) functioning of pastors. The literature is divided into six major areas: emotional well-being, stress and coping, marital/divorce adjustment, family adjustment, burnout, and impairment. The research in each area is critically reviewed and summarized, and directions for future research are suggested. The primary conclusion is that interpersonal/relational deficits are associated with the vast majority of psychological problems faced by pastors, and thus need to be addressed, particularly at an early stage of the pastor's career.

Evolution of Twin-Related Variants of α Phase in a Ti-V-Cu Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoi Pang Ng ◽  
Colleen J. Bettles ◽  
Barry C. Muddle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Twin Plane ◽  
System A ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Isothermal Ageing

The precipitation of a-phase has been investigated in a concentrated b-alloy of the Ti-V-Cu system. a-precipitates in geometrically coupled forms were developed in the alloy when subject to isothermal ageing at 500°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that a-phase embryos tend to nucleate in a symmetrical manner directly from an early-stage solute-partitioned diffusional product. The a-precipitates so developed constitute twin-related variants characterized by a twin plane lying on one of the {0111}a planes. The results are discussed with respect to the role of Cu on the formation of heterogeneous nucleation sites for a-phase.

scholarly journals The Old French demonstrative system: A semantic analysis

WORD ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. McCool
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Old French ◽  
System A
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document