Organising and utilizing document design options

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Duffy

In this discussion paper, the author concentrates on the problems of modeling the design process as a means of closing the gap between research and practice in information design. He proposes a new document design model but notes that competing objectives, in particular cost constraints, may prevent the implementation of good design procedures in practice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Melike Özmen

Information design is an interdisciplinary field of research and practice. According to International Institute for Information Design (IIID), information design is the defining, planning and shaping of the contents of a message and the environments, with the intention to satisfy the information needs of the intended recipients. Although IIID’s definition indicates a relationship between information, information designer, the environment, and the users, the definition lacks the roles of the users’ participation and the interaction amongst information, the environment, and the users in the process of designing information. It is possible to define three accounts in the design process. Information design approaches often impose a hierarchical relationship between these three accounts. Bergson’s ‘Intuition as Method’ and its rules can be adapted to bring these three accounts together on a horizontal formation and give the roles of these three separate accounts to the designer instead of applying a hierarchical structure in the design process.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toon Maas ◽  
Mohamad Tuffaha ◽  
Laurent Ney

<p>“A bridge has to be designed”. Every bridge is the exploration of all degrees of a freedom of a project: the context, cultural processes, technology, engineering and industrial skills. A successful bridge aims to dialogue with these degrees of freedom to achieve a delicate equilibrium, one that invites the participation of its users and emotes new perceptions for its viewers. In short, a good design “makes the bridge talk.”</p><p>Too often, the bridge, as an object, is reduced to its functionality. Matters of perceptions and experiences of the users are often not considered in the design process; they are relegated to levels of chance or treated as simple decorative matter. The longevity of infrastructure projects, in general, and bridges, in particular, highlights the deficiencies of such an approach. The framework to design bridges must include historical, cultural, and experiential dimensions. Technology and engineering are of paramount importance but cannot be considered as “an end in themselves but a means to an end”. This paper proposes to discuss three projects by Ney &amp; Partners that illustrate such a comprehensive exploration approach to footbridge design: the Poissy and Albi crossings and the Tintagel footbridge.</p><p>The footbridges of Poissy and Albi dialogue most clearly with their historical contexts, reconfiguring the relationship between old and new in the materiality and typology use. In Tintagel, legend replaces history. Becoming a metaphor for the void it crosses, the Tintagel footbridge illustrates the delicate dialogue of technology and engineering on one side and imagination and experience on the other.</p>


Author(s):  
Mats Nordlund ◽  
Taesik Lee ◽  
Sang-Gook Kim

In 1977, Nam P Suh proposed a different approach to design research. Suh’s approach was different in that it introduced the notions of domains and layers in a 2-D design thinking and stipulated a set of axioms that describes what is a good design. Following Suh’s 2-D reasoning structure in a zigzagging manner and applying these axioms through the design process should enable the designer to arrive at a good design. In this paper, we present our own experiences in applying Suh’s theories to software design, product design, organizational design, process design, and more in both academic and industrial settings. We also share our experience from teaching the Axiomatic Design theory to students at universities and engineers in industry, and draw conclusions on how best to teach and use this approach, and what results one can expect. The merits of the design axioms are discussed based on the practical experiences that the authors have had in their application. The process developed around the axioms to derive maximum value (solution neutral environment, design domains, what-how relationship, zig-zag process, decomposition, and design matrices) is also discussed and some updates are proposed.


EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Telg ◽  
Ashley McLeod-Morin

This publication on the principles of document design is the second of a five-part series on document design. This series also covers the document design process, elements of document design, graphic file formats, and brochure and newsletter design. Updates previous version: Telg, Ricky. 2012. “Principles of Document Design”. EDIS 2012 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/119919.


Author(s):  
C. R. Liu ◽  
J. C. Trappey

Abstract This paper discusses the concept of managing the design process using Objected Oriented Programming Paradigm. A software system shell, called MetaDesigner is being developed for aiding the human designer to create new designs, based on the hierarchical nature of the design space. This system shell is intended to have the following capabilities: (1) interactive and system-guided design process to analyze design structure and to characterize design options, (2) to provide interactive and system-guided knowledge acquisition, classification, and retrieval to achieve machine learning, and (3) to build a flexible and forever expandable structure for knowledge-based system implementation.


2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Bell

The design process for heat exchangers in the process industries and for similar applications in the power and large-scale environmental control industries is described. Because of the variety of substances (frequently multicomponent, of variable and uncertain composition, and changing phase) to be processed under wide ranges of temperatures, pressures, flow rates, chemical compatibility, and fouling propensity, these exchangers are almost always custom-designed and constructed. Many different exchanger configurations are commercially available to meet special conditions, with design procedures of varying degrees of reliability. A general design logic can be applied, with detailed procedures specific to the type of exchanger. The basis of the design process is first a careful and comprehensive specification of the range of conditions to be satisfied, and second, organized use of a fundamentally valid and extrapolatable rating method. The emphasis in choosing a design method is upon rational representation of the physical processes, rather than upon high accuracy. Finally, the resultant design must be vetted in detail by the designer and the process engineer for operability, flexibility, maintainability, and safety.


Author(s):  
Prabhat Tekriwal

A typical cooking range design requires that UL temperature requirements be met on outside surfaces for consumer safety. Another important consumer preference is that the range oven cavity be large in capacity so that it provides more cooking flexibility to consumers. These two requirements are in conflict with each other from design standpoint. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) has proven to be a good design tool in balancing these opposing requirements and providing a optimum design without having to experiment with several design options and prototyping. The width of the air-wash that is used to cool the cooking range door through natural convection has been optimized with the aid of computational fluid dynamics. Increasing the air-wash width helps reduce the door surface temperature up to certain point, beyond which no gains in temperature reduction are realized.


Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Annemarie Quispel ◽  
Alfons Maes ◽  
Joost Schilperoord

Designers are increasingly involved in creating ‘popular’ data visualizations in mass media. Scientists in the field of information visualization propose collaborations between designers and scientists in popular data visualization. They assume that designers put more emphasis on aesthetics than on clarity in their representation of data, and that they aim to convey subjective, rather than objective, information. We investigated designers’ criteria for good design for a broad audience by interviewing professional designers and by reviewing information design handbooks. Additionally, we investigated what might make a visualization aesthetically pleasing (attractive) in the view of the designers. Results show that, according to the information designers, clarity and aesthetics are the main criteria, with clarity being the most important. They aim to objectively inform the public, rather than conveying personal opinions. Furthermore, although aesthetics is considered important, design literature hardly addresses the characteristics of aesthetics, and designers find it hard to define what makes a visualization attractive. The few statements found point at interesting directions for future research.


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