scholarly journals Aesthetics and Clarity in Information Visualization: The Designer’s Perspective

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Annemarie Quispel ◽  
Alfons Maes ◽  
Joost Schilperoord

Designers are increasingly involved in creating ‘popular’ data visualizations in mass media. Scientists in the field of information visualization propose collaborations between designers and scientists in popular data visualization. They assume that designers put more emphasis on aesthetics than on clarity in their representation of data, and that they aim to convey subjective, rather than objective, information. We investigated designers’ criteria for good design for a broad audience by interviewing professional designers and by reviewing information design handbooks. Additionally, we investigated what might make a visualization aesthetically pleasing (attractive) in the view of the designers. Results show that, according to the information designers, clarity and aesthetics are the main criteria, with clarity being the most important. They aim to objectively inform the public, rather than conveying personal opinions. Furthermore, although aesthetics is considered important, design literature hardly addresses the characteristics of aesthetics, and designers find it hard to define what makes a visualization attractive. The few statements found point at interesting directions for future research.

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-348
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oliveira da Cunha Lima

Neste artigo, abordaremos metáforas visuais utilizadas na visualização de dados da infografia do célebre designer Nigel Holmes. Isto foi feito mediante o diálogo com a linguística cognitiva e a retórica visual, pela ótica da teoria de design da informação. Para tanto, nossa abordagem é embasada na teoria das metáforas cognitivas, marcadas pelos estudos de Lakoff e Johnson (1980), e a tradição de estudos de figuras de linguagem visual. Nesta análise utilizamos uma taxonomia de figuras de linguagem pictóricas utilizadas em gráficos estatísticos (LIMA, 2018). Ao analisarmos as metáforas pictóricas utilizadas por Holmes, observamos que este designer tem a tendência a sobrepor elementos pictóricos a elementos esquemáticos em seus gráficos estatísticos. Nós cunhamos esta mescla de modalidades gráficas de gráficos pictórico-esquemáticos. Este uso de elementos pictóricos, muitas vezes, humorísticos sobrepostos a dados numéricos precisos foi duramente combatida por teóricos do design da informação como Edward Tufte, na década de 1980. Estes elementos pictóricos foram chamados de chartjunk. Este termo tem servido como uma crítica à elementos visuais consideradas supérfluos em nome de uma abordagem mais neutra na infografia e visualização de dados. No entanto, procuramos entender a escolha do uso de metáforas visuais por Holmes como uma abordagem que não se limita a uma suposta neutralidade de linguagem gráfica.*****In this article, the focus is on visual metaphors used in Nigel Holmes’ data visualizations present in his infographics. This analysis was accomplished by approaching the theory of cognitive linguistics and visual rhetoric from the point of view of information design. Our study is based on the theory of cognitive metaphors, notably the work of Lakoff and Johnson (1980), and the study of figures of speech in visual language. In this analysis, we used a taxonomy of figures of speech for pictorial language in data visualization (LIMA, 2018). When analyzing the pictorial metaphors used by Holmes, we observe that this designer tends to overlap pictorial elements on schematic ones in his statistical charts. We coined this mix of graphic modalities: pictorial-schematic charts (gráficos pictórico-esquemáticos). This use of pictorial elements, often humorous, overlapping precise numerical data was harshly opposed by information design theorists such as Edward Tufte in the 1980s. These pictorial elements were called chartjunk. This term has served as a criticism of visual elements considered superfluous in the name of a more neutral approach to infographics and data visualization. However, we seek to understand Holmes' choice of using visual metaphors as an approach that is not limited to a supposedly neutral graphic language.


10.28945/3687 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Moore

Aim/Purpose: This journal paper seeks to understand historical aspects of data management, leading to the current data issues faced by organizational executives in relation to big data and how best to present the information to circumvent big data challenges for executive strategic decision making. Background: This journal paper seeks to understand what executives value in data visualization, based on the literature published from prior data studies. Methodology: The qualitative methodology was used to understand the sentiments of executives and data analysts using semi-structured interview techniques. Contribution: The preliminary findings can provide practical knowledge for data visualization designers, but can also provide academics with knowledge to reflect on and use, specifically in relation to information systems (IS) that integrate human experience with technology in more valuable and productive ways. Findings: Preliminary results from interviews with executives and data analysts point to the relevance of understanding and effectively presenting the data source and the data journey, using the right data visualization technology to fit the nature of the data, creating an intuitive platform which enables collaboration and newness, the data presenter’s ability to convey the data message and the alignment of the visualization to core the objectives as key criteria to be applied for successful data visualizations Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners, specifically data analysts, should consider the results highlighted in the findings and adopt such recommendations when presenting data visualizations. These include data and premise understanding, ensuring alignment to the executive’s objective, possessing the ability to convey messages succinctly and clearly to the audience, having knowledge of the domain to answer questions effectively, and using the right technology to convey the message. Recommendation for Researchers: The importance of human cognitive and sensory processes and its impact in IS development is paramount. More focus can be placed on the psychological factors of technology acceptance. The current TAM model, used to describe use, identifies perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use as the primary considerations in technology adoption. However, factors that have been identified that impact on use do not express the importance of cognitive processes in technology adoption. Future Research: Future research requires further focus on intangible and psychological factors that could affect technology adoption and use, as well as understanding data visualization effectiveness in corporate environments, not only predominantly within the Health sector. Lessons from Health sector studies in data visualization should be used as a platform.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2016 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fikry Abyadl ◽  
Sumarno ◽  
Indrianawati

ABSTRAKPembangunan sistem visualisasi data (vista) Kemendagri merupakan langkah awalpengolahan data dan informasi Kemendagri oleh Pusdatinkomtel untuk menyederhanakan, mempermudah, mempercepat, memanipulasi, serta mengolah data dan informasi menjadi berbagai variasi penyajian data. Kebutuhan penyajian data dan informasi pada sistem vista disesuaikan dengan tugas pokok dan fungsi unit kerja di lingkungan Kemendagri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pembangunan sistem vista Kemendagri terkait data, metode, dan implementasi visualisasi data. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode top-­down, yaitu metode analisis kebutuhan data yang diturunkan berdasarkan tupoksi yang telah terbentuk di instansi tersebut. Hasil identifikasi data berdasarkan tupoksi Kemendagri selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan hasil identifikasi sistem vista Kemendagri sehingga dapat dilakukan analisis kesesuaian data. Dari hasil analisis tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa sistem vista Kemendagri baru memenuhi 71,11% dari kebutuhan penyajian data dan informasi di lingkungan Kemendagri. Hal tersebut dikarenakan setiap kategori pada sistem vista masih terdapat kekosongan data sehingga belum memenuhi keseluruhan kebutuhan penyajian data.Kata kunci: visualisasi data, sistem visualisasi data, kementerian dalam negeriABSTRACTDevelopment of the Ministry of Home Affair’s data visualization system by Pusdatinkomtel is a first step in processing the Ministry of Home Affair’s data and information. The development aims to simplify, accelerate, facilitate, manipulate and process data and information into various data visualizations. Data and information visualization necessity develops in agreement with basic task and function of work unit in the Ministry of Home Affair’s. This study aims to evaluate development of the Ministry of Home Affair’s data visualization system related to the data, method, and implementation of data visualization. The research method in this study uses a top-­down method. The method analyses data needs based on the basic task and function of work unit in the Ministry of Home Affairs. Furthermore, data suitability analysis is done by comparing result of data identification based on the basic task and function of Ministry of Home Affair’s with data visualization system. The analysis result shows the Ministry of Home Affair’s data visualization system only fulfilling 71.11% from the data and information visualization necessity in the Ministry of Home Affair’s. This is because each category in data visualization system still has data gaps so it has not met the overall needs of data visualization.Keywords: data visualization, data visualization system, ministry of home affairs


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (CHI PLAY) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Erica Kleinman ◽  
Nikitha Preetham ◽  
Zhaoqing Teng ◽  
Andy Bryant ◽  
Magy Seif El-Nasr

Currently, there is no formal taxonomy for the activities that users engage in when interacting with and making meaning from spatio-temporal game data visualizations. As data visualization, especially spatio-temporal visualization, becomes more popular for game data analytics, it becomes increasingly crucial that we develop a formal understanding of how users, especially players, interact with and extract meaning from game data using these systems. However, existing taxonomies developed for InfoVis are not directly applicable due to domain differences and a lack of consensus within the literature. This paper presents the beginnings of a taxonomy for user interaction with spatio-temporal data specific to the domain of games, developed from the results of a qualitative user study (n=7) in which experienced players were tasked with using a spatio-temporal visualization system to explore and understand telemetry data from Defense of the Ancients 2 (DotA 2). The taxonomy includes seven activities organized into three categories: Data Interaction, Sense Making, and Validation. We discuss the implications of these activities on design and future research.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Doris Kosminsky ◽  
Jagoda Walny ◽  
Jo Vermeulen ◽  
Søren Knudsen ◽  
Wesley Willett ◽  
...  

Abstract Data visualizations are often represented in public discourse as objective proof of facts. However, a visualization is only a single translation of reality, just like any other media, representation devices, or modes of representation. If we wish to encourage thoughtful, informed, and literate consumption of data visualizations, it is crucial that we consider why they are often presented and interpreted as objective. We reflect theoretically on data visualization as a system of representation historically anchored in science, rationalism, and notions of objectivity. It establishes itself within a lineage of conventions for visual representations which extends from the Renaissance to the present and includes perspective drawing, photography, cinema and television, as well as computer graphics. By examining our tendency to see credibility in data visualizations and grounding that predisposition in a historical context, we hope to encourage more critical and nuanced production and interpretation of data visualizations in the public discourse.


Author(s):  
Marlene Kunst

Abstract. Comments sections under news articles have become popular spaces for audience members to oppose the mainstream media’s perspective on political issues by expressing alternative views. This kind of challenge to mainstream discourses is a necessary element of proper deliberation. However, due to heuristic information processing and the public concern about disinformation online, readers of comments sections may be inherently skeptical about user comments that counter the views of mainstream media. Consequently, commenters with alternative views may participate in discussions from a position of disadvantage because their contributions are scrutinized particularly critically. Nevertheless, this effect has hitherto not been empirically established. To address this gap, a multifactorial, between-subjects experimental study ( N = 166) was conducted that investigated how participants assess the credibility and argument quality of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. The findings revealed that media-dissonant user comments are, indeed, disadvantaged in online discussions, as they are assessed as less credible and more poorly argued than media-congruent user comments. Moreover, the findings showed that the higher the participants’ level of media trust, the worse the assessment of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. Normative implications and avenues for future research are discussed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
A. Avetisyan

Benevolent relations between each government institution, company or organization and its publicity are provided by Public Relations specialists. They try to provide public with information, based on the real facts, which lead to the establishment and maintenance ofthe benevolent relations and mutual understanding. Taking into consideration the fact, companies and organizations generate relevant departments, responsible for communication with Mass media and the public. These departments take responsibility for making the organization presentative, for publicity and transparent work. The aim of the research is to identify the opportunities, weaknesses and achievements of Public relations in Armenian Banking System and State Administration.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Neri Widya Ramailis ◽  
Dede Nopendri

Discourse is a series of sentences that relate and connect one proposition with the other propositions to from a unity. The main function of the news is not to warn, instruct, and make the public stunned, the main function of the news is to inform and then it is upto the public to utilize the news. There are two ways for the news to be useful to the public, the first to effort news as general knowledge and the second to effort the news a tool of social control. E-Ktp corruption cases are one of the biggest corruption cases that occurered in Indonesia. Therefore, many mass media reported heavilly on E-Ktp corruption cases, one of which was the kompas.com. furthermore, to find out how the writer gets the source the writer gets the source of data and information the writer uses the criminology visual method and then analyzes it using criminology newsmaking theory. However, the results of this study illustrate that the aspect highlighted are those of actors suspected of being involved in E-Ktp corruption cases. Where the media only emphasizes one institution, namely the people’s representative council, even though in this case the involved parties are not only the legislature but case the involved parties are not only the legislature but also from various institutions such as the interior ministry, state-owned enterprises, and private entrepreneurs. In the aspect of media projection Kompas.com make the bulk of the news about E- Ktp corruption cases as news headline and a tranding topic.


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Maresch

Durch den digitalen Medienwandel ist der Begriff der Öffentlichkeit problematisch geworden. Die Debatte fokussiert sich zumeist auf die Frage, ob die sogenannte bürgerliche Öffentlichkeit durch das Internet im Niedergang begriffen ist oder eine Intensivierung und Pluralisierung erfährt. Rudolf Maresch zeichnet die berühmte Untersuchung der Kategorie durch Jürgen Habermas nach und zieht den von ihm konstatierten Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit in Zweifel. Dagegen verweist er auf die gouvernementalen und medialen Prozesse, die jede Form von Kommunikation immer schon gesteuert haben. Öffentlichkeit sei daher ein Epiphänomen nicht allein des Zeitungswesens, sondern der bereits vorgängig ergangenen postalischen Herstellung einer allgemeinen Adressierbarkeit von Subjekten. Heute sei Öffentlichkeit innerhalb der auf Novitäts- und Erregungskriterien abstellenden Massenmedien ein mit anderen Angeboten konkurrierendes Konzept. Mercedes Bunz konstatiert ebenfalls eine Ausweitung und Pluralisierung von Öffentlichkeit durch den digitalen Medienwandel, sieht aber die entscheidenden Fragen in der Konzeption und Verteilung von Evaluationswissen und Evaluationsmacht. Nicht mehr die sogenannten Menschen, sondern Algorithmen entscheiden über die Verbreitung und Bewertung von Nachrichten. Diese sind in der Öffentlichkeit – die sie allererst erzeugen – weitgehend verborgen. Einig sind sich die Autoren darin, dass es zu einer Pluralisierung von Öffentlichkeiten gekommen ist, während der Öffentlichkeitsbegriff von Habermas auf eine singuläre Öffentlichkeit abstellt. </br></br>Due to the transformation of digital media, the notion of “publicity” has become problematic. In most cases, the debate is focused on the question whether the internet causes a decline of so-called civic publicity or rather intensifies and pluralizes it. Rudolf Maresch outlines Jürgen Habermas's famous study of this category and challenges his claim concerning its “structural transformation,” referring to the governmental and medial processes which have always already controlled every form of communication. Publicity, he claims, is an epiphenomenon not only of print media, but of a general addressability of subjects, that has been produced previously by postal services. Today, he concludes, publicity is a concept that competes with other offers of mass media, which are all based on criteria of novelty and excitement. Mercedes Bunz also notes the expansion and pluralization of the public sphere due to the change of digital media, but sees the crucial issues in the design and distribution of knowledge and power by evaluation. So-called human beings no longer decide on the dissemination and evaluation of information, but algorithms, which are for the most part concealed from the public sphere that they produce in the first place. Both authors agree that a pluralization of public sphere(s) has taken place, while Habermas's notion of publicity refers to a single public sphere.


2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Bédard ◽  
Paul Coram ◽  
Reza Espahbodi ◽  
Theodore J. Mock

SYNOPSIS The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), and the U.K. Financial Reporting Council (FRC) have proposed or approved standards that significantly change the independent auditor's report. These initiatives require the auditor to make additional disclosures intended to close the information gap; that is, the gap between the information users desire and the information available through the audited financial statements, other corporate disclosures, and the auditor's report. They are also intended to improve the relevancy of the auditor's report. We augment prior academic research by providing standard setters with an updated synthesis of relevant research. More importantly, we provide an assessment of whether the changes are likely to close the information gap, which is important to financial market participants and other stakeholders in the audit reporting process. Also, we identify areas where there seems to be a lack of sufficient research. These results are of interest to all stakeholders in the audit reporting process, as the changes to the auditor's report are fundamental. Additionally, our summaries of research on the auditor's report highlight where there is limited research or inconsistent results, which will help academics identify important opportunities for future research.


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