scholarly journals Construction Grammar and the corpus-based analysis of discourses

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-323
Author(s):  
Nicholas Groom
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Academic Discourses ◽  
The Way

Abstract Construction grammar (CxG) initially arose as a usage-based alternative to nativist theoretical accounts of language, and remains to this day strongly associated with cognitive linguistic theory and research. In this paper, however, I argue that CxG can be seen as offering an equally viable general framework for socially-oriented linguists whose work focuses on the corpus-based analysis of discourses (CBADs). The paper begins with brief reviews of CxG and CBADs as distinctive research traditions, before going on to identify synergies (both potential and actual) between them. I then offer a more detailed case study example, focusing on a usage-based analysis of a newly identified construction, the WAY IN WHICH construction, as it occurs in corpora representing six different academic discourses. The paper concludes by rebutting some anticipated objections to the approach advocated here, and by proposing a new conceptual model for constructionist approaches to CBADs.

Language and creativity: a Construction Grammar approach to linguistic creativity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Theory Construction ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Explanatory Account ◽  
The Way

AbstractCreativity is an important evolutionary adaptation that allows humans to think original thoughts, to find solutions to problems that have never been encountered before and to fundamentally change the way we live. One particular domain of human cognition that has received considerable attention is linguistic creativity. The present paper discusses how the leading cognitive linguistic theory, Construction Grammar, can provide an explanatory account of creativity that goes beyond the issue of linguistic productivity. At the same time, it also outlines how Construction Grammar can benefit from insights from Conceptual Blending.

Rhythms of Care: Medical Travels beyond the Borders of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Karen M. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article examines the experiences of Bangladeshi patients and their families as they travel transnationally within Asia for medical care. I explain how failures of biomedicine in Bangladesh feed into idealized expectations of care abroad. This medical imaginary is fueled by the hope that more expensive treatment in wealthier countries will result in better care, and it is sustained by the way the medical tourism industry operates and the way Bangladeshi patients and their families make choices and engage in the doing of care abroad. A detailed case study of a Bangladeshi cancer patient’s prolonged care in Singapore illustrates the tensions and ambivalences in the quest for the best treatment. These tensions are exacerbated by the linguistic, monetary, and emotional challenges faced in traveling back and forth between countries. While patients feel at times betrayed by experiences of care that do not meet their expectations, they also feel compelled to carry on. I capture this dynamic in the term rhythms of care, understanding these as the way the medical imaginary shapes care practices that become a scaffolding for hope to be maintained and further travel to be undertaken. I also reflect on how I become part of these rhythms by acting as the family’s interpreter as they navigate health care in Singapore.

scholarly journals Interview with Paul Kay

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Tiago Torrent
Keyword(s):  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The University ◽  
The Way

<p>Paul Kay was one of the founders of the Construction Grammar. Together with the late Charles Fillmore, Paul Kay was responsible for shaping distinguishing aspects of constructionist approaches to grammar. In this interview, this history is revisited, and key aspects of linguistic theory - such as generativism and formalism - are discussed. The Emeritus Professor of Linguistics at the University of California also discusses the turn of Berkeley Construction Grammar towards Sign-Based Construction Grammar. Paul Kay’s answers to the following questions couldn’t be more in tune with the theory he helped create: beyond simplistic distinctions, he sheds light on both the more general features of Construction Grammar and on the equally relevant peripheral anecdotes that paved the way for the development of the field in the last three decades.</p><p>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p>ENTREVISTA COM PAUL KAY</p><p>Paul Kay foi um dos fundadores da Gramática da Construção. Juntamente com Charles Fillmore, Paul Kay foi responsável por moldar os aspectos distintivos das abordagens construcionistas da gramática. Nesta entrevista, essa história é revisitada, e aspectos-chave da teoria linguística - como o gerativismo e o formalismo - são discutidos. O professor emérito de linguística da Universidade da Califórnia também discute a virada da Gramática de Construção de Berkeley para a Gramática da Construção Baseada em Sinais. As respostas de Paul Kay para as seguintes perguntas não poderiam estar mais em sintonia com a teoria que ele ajudou a criar: além das distinções simplistas, ele esclarece as características mais gerais da Gramática da Construção e as anedotas periféricas igualmente relevantes que abriram o caminho para a desenvolvimento do campo nas últimas três décadas.</p><p>---</p><p>Orignal em inglês.</p>

scholarly journals OCCASIONALISM AS A MEAN FOR CREATING COMIC EFFECT IN UKRAINIAN HUMOROUS AND SATIRICAL POETRY OF THE 1950s–1980s (a Case Study of Valentyn Lagoda’s Literary Works)

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Sofiia Fedzhora
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

From the perspective of modern linguistic theory, the paper deals with author’s neologisms, or occasionalisms, as one of the vivid lexical means of creating comic effect in Valentyn Lagoda’s poetic works. Author’s neosemantisms and occasionalisms were singled out in the humorist’s texts. They are formed in morphological and non-morphological way and are aimed at designating people by the type of activity. Occasional proper names with transparent internal semantics, nouns-composites and occasional abbreviations are also in the focus of the study. The paper clarifies the semantics of these items, the way they were formed, their functions in the text what allowed to reveal a specific nature of the fragments of collective lingual model of the world in the Soviet epoch that was related to critical attitude and condemnation of the certain things in the society of that time. The emphasis is maid on the historical factors which provoked the emergence of the author’s neologisms, in particular ridiculazation of some situations and some people which believed to be unacceptable for the Soviet society. Temporal and situational conditionality of the author’s neologism leads to the fact that modern readers often do not understand the meanings of those occasionalisms which seemed so funny half a century ago.

Frames and constructions enhance text coherence: The case of DNI resolutions in spoken discourse

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ziem
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Science Institute ◽  
Frame Element ◽  
Text Coherence ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linguistic Framework ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe paper reports on a corpus-based study investigating the impact of frames and constructions on establishing text coherence. Partly conducted in collaboration with the International Computer Science Institute / FrameNet, Berkeley, the study is based on systematic annotations of so-called Definite Null Instantiations (DNIs). A DNI, sometimes also called anaphoric NI, is a syntactically non-instantiated core frame element (FE), whose identity can be inferred from the co(n)text. By analyzing forms and functions of DNIs in spoken discourse, I will argue that omitted core FEs are often found to be specified in adjacent sentences, yielding frame-triggered text coherence. The case study sheds light on the text-linguistic relevance of frames and constructions. At the same time it paves the way for further investigations of textual reference in a cognitive-linguistic framework.

Development and regional planning within the decentralized administrative frame: case study (the Jordanian Experiment)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Way

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

Language and Outer Space

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Laura Carmen Cuțitaru
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
The Way

Abstract The 2016 much acclaimed American sci-fi movie Arrival is based on (what is in reality an extension of) the so-called “Sapir-Whorf” hypothesis, a linguistic theory set forth in the first half of the 20th century, according to which one’s native language dictates the way in which one perceives reality. By taking into account the latest in human knowledge, this paper tries to provide arguments as to why such a claim works wonderfully in fiction, but not in science.

Investigating English Teacher Candidate’s Use of Instructional Media During the Teaching Practicum: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Ratih Ayu T ◽  
Zakiyah Tasnim ◽  
Annur Rofiq
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Teacher Candidate ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Instructional Media ◽  
Teaching Practicum ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
The Way

This study analyzes the English teacher candidate’s use of instructional media in the teaching practicum. The English teacher candidate who became the participant in this study was doing their teaching practicum in MTsN 5 Jember. This study applied the qualitative case study design. Interview and observation were done one time to select the participant. The four-times classroom observations and questionnaires were used in order to collect the data. This study employed the model of Creswell in analyzing the data. The findings of this study showed that the English teacher candidate applied one type of instructional media namely Visual Media. Those were Picture and Whiteboard. The way the teacher candidate implemented the instructional media was almost the same in each meeting of the teaching and learning process. However, the students’ participation and response were not always the same in every meeting. It depended on the way the teacher candidate managed the class activity.

Case study 3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Ferlie ◽  
Sue Dopson ◽  
Chris Bennett ◽  
Michael D. Fischer ◽  
Jean Ledger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Management Consulting ◽  
Organizational Redesign ◽  
Management Consultants ◽  
Management Knowledge ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
The Way

The chapter discusses management consultants and consulting knowledge in health care, highlighting significant expenditure on consultancy and how consultants have shaped thinking in public services, which some critics suggest has served consultants’ own (financial) interests. The chapter then discusses the way consultants mobilize management knowledge and frame clients’ problems and solutions. It discusses an empirical case study of a consultancy project to redesign NHS organizations to make substantial ‘efficiency savings’. Here, consultants framed the NHS’s problem and solution, and then imposed an organizational redesign. Local NHS managers and clinicians framed the NHS’s problem differently, doubting the consultants’ framing and proposing redesign, but feeling unable to engage in dialogue about these concerns. Consequently, they engaged with the project in a calculated and defensive way, superficially accepting the redesign while waiting for its implementation to fail. Thus, the chapter demonstrates framing politics surrounding management consulting knowledge.

Introduction to Part I

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Berg ◽  
Rafael Portillo
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Stylized Facts ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Cross Country

Developing an understanding of monetary policy in LICs must start with the evidence. This chapter briefly reviews the challenges facing the empirical researcher in SSA, including scarce and inaccurate data, short policy regimes that make powerful inference difficult, and the lack of structural models to help interpret the data. It provides an overview of Chapters 4–6, which take three very different approaches to looking at these data: a broad search for cross-country stylized facts (Chapter 4), a detailed case study of a major monetary policy event (Chapter 5), and an examination of whether vector auto-regressions (VARs)—the workhorse empirical tool in this area—are likely to yield useful results in the SSA context (Chapter 6).

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