Two subjunctives or three?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Guajardo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Embedded Clauses ◽  
Peninsular Spanish

Abstract This paper examines the use of the three non-periphrastic subjunctives in Spanish in embedded clauses under obligatory subjunctive predicates in the past tense in three Spanish varieties: Argentinean, Mexican and Peninsular Spanish. By means of random forest and logistic regression analyses, I demonstrate that a grammar where the two “past” subjunctives make up one group, such that the variation can be modeled on a binary opposition between (morphologically) past vs. (morphologically) present, achieves better prediction accuracy and goodness-of-fit parameters than a grammar with a three-way split. The results suggest that, at least in complement clauses of obligatory subjunctive predicates, there appear to be no semantic differences between the two past subjunctives but there are still relatively large differences in how the three subjunctive forms are used across the three Spanish varieties studied.1

785 Reported Restful Sleep Predicting Emotional Distress: Does Exercise (and its modalities) moderate?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A305-A306
Author(s):  
Jesse Moore ◽  
Ellita Williams ◽  
Collin Popp ◽  
Anthony Briggs ◽  
Judite Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Literature shows that exercise moderates the relationship between sleep and emotional distress (ED.) However, it is unclear whether different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strengthening, affect this relationship differently. We investigated the moderating role of two types of exercise (aerobic and strengthening) regarding the relationship between ED and sleep. Methods Our analysis was based on data from 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative study in which 2,814 participants provided all data. Participants were asked 1) “how many days they woke up feeling rested over the past week”, 2) the Kessler 6 scale to determine ED (a score >13 indicates ED), and 3) the average frequency of strengthening or aerobic exercise per week. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if the reported days of waking up rested predicted level of ED. We then investigated whether strengthening or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if subjective reporting of restful sleep predicted level of ED. We investigated whether strengthening exercise or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Results On average, participants reported 4.41 restful nights of sleep (SD =2.41), 3.43 strengthening activities (SD = 3.19,) and 8.47 aerobic activities a week (SD=5.91.) We found a significant association between days over the past week reporting waking up feeling rested and ED outcome according to K6, Χ2(1) = -741, p= <.001. The odds ratio signified a decrease of 52% in ED scores for each unit of restful sleep (OR = .48, (95% CI = .33, .65) p=<.001.) In the logistic regression model with moderation, aerobic exercise had a significant moderation effect, Χ2(1) = .03, p=.04, but strengthening exercise did not. Conclusion We found that restful sleep predicted reduction in ED scores. Aerobic exercise moderated this relationship, while strengthening exercise did not. Further research should investigate the longitudinal effects of exercise type on the relationship between restful sleep and ED. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, K01HL135452, R01HL152453)

Variable competence and performance in child second language acquisition1

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Olson Flanigan
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Competence Model ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Mental Competence ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Performance

The variable competence model of second language acquisition proposes that the ability to use language varies systematically within functional domains and linguistic contexts, and that such variability is inherent in interlanguage as well. This study of elicited and naturalistic speech of elementary school ESL students in formal and informal situations supports the conclusion that variability exists in the acquisition process but disputes the theory that it is a necessary com ponent of the mental competence itself. Errors in use of the past tense, noun phrase plurals and possessives, adjectives, and determiners were calculated for four different activities or tasks; t-tests and regression analyses revealed little or no statistical difference across tasks but predictable differences with increase in proficiency. Implications are drawn for the teaching of grammar to children in an academic context.

scholarly journals Factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication among middle-aged adults with hypertension: findings from the Taiwan National Health Interview Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. ???
Author(s):  
Chia-Pei Chou ◽  
Chun-Yu Chen ◽  
Kun-Siang Huang ◽  
Shih-Chun Lin ◽  
Chih-Fang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Objective We aimed to investigate factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication among middle-aged Taiwanese adults with hypertension. Methods We used data from the 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to identify adults age 40 to 65 years with hypertension. We used logistic regression analyses to investigate factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. Results A total 1,256 respondents with hypertension taking antihypertensive medication were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that six factors were significantly and independently associated with nonadherence to medication: younger age (odds ratio, [OR] = 1.85), mean monthly personal income < TWD 20,000 (USD 660) (OR = 1.87), outpatient medical services use in the past month (OR = 0.57), hospitalization in the past year (OR = 1.70), diabetes or dyslipidemia (OR = 0.63), and alcohol use in the past month (OR = 2.38). Conclusions This secondary data analysis of the population-based NHIS identified six factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medication. These factors should be considered when planning and implementing blood pressure control interventions among middle-aged adults with hypertension.

scholarly journals Avoiding DWI among Bar-room Drinkers: Strategies and Predictors

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. SART.S5414
Author(s):  
Barry D. Caudill ◽  
John W. Rogers ◽  
Jan Howard ◽  
Kevin C. Frissell ◽  
Wayne M. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Avoidance Strategies ◽  
Time Average

We examined the prevalence and predictors of 11strategies to avoid driving when feeling intoxicated among 561 bar-room patrons in two medium-sized Maryland communities. Logistic regression analyses identified demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal predictors of avoidance strategies and interactions among predictors. Overall, 89% reported one or more DWI avoidance actions in the past year, and 38% reported driving intoxicated during that time. Average frequencies of avoidance behavior and intoxicated driving increased significantly as drinking level increased. However, the higher the drinking level, the smaller the ratio of avoidance actions to DWI experiences, highlighting the vulnerability of heavy drinkers who had driven intoxicated. Using a sober driver or one who allegedly drank less than the respondent were the most popular and frequent strategies, but paying for a cab, walking, and using a bus or free cab were relatively unpopular. Higher drinking levels predicted significantly higher odds of using avoidance approaches, as did intoxicated driving. Confidence in driving safely when intoxicated was positively related to drinking level and intoxicated driving, but it tended to predict lower odds of avoidance actions. Similarly, marital status, age, gender, and location influenced the odds of avoidance behaviors. Interventions should be strategically tailored to exploit or counter drinker predilections among avoidance options.

Obesity and overweight among childhood in France: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Dominique Charles ◽  
Lea Williams
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The childhood obesity has been a dramatic increase during the past 3 decades. The rate has more than tripled, and the current prevalence remains high among children across most age, sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. The search was carried out using Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, and Scopus considering articles published from February 17, 1998 until February 2, 2014 reported the prevalence of overweight/ obesity among childhood samples. Only original studies which met the eligible criteria were included in this review. Purpose of present study is to describe the prevalence and trend of overweight and obesity, as well as its co-existence with stunting, among childhood. Prevalence and odds of obesity and overweight, differentials in which were examined by bivariate and logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of overweight and obese childhood increased significantly between 1998 and 2014.Tthe prevalence of overweight and obese childhood was 35.0-48.8 (95% CI: 36.6-27.1, 48.2-52.4), and 22.3-36.7 (95% CI: 22.2-33.0, 34.9-36.8). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in France childhood were low in 1998 and there has been a rapid increase since then. If this trend continues, overweight will soon reach epidemic proportions.

Perceived Effectiveness of Random Testing for Alcohol and Drugs in the Australian Aviation Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Christina M. Rudin-Brown ◽  
Eve Mitsopoulos-Rubens ◽  
Michael G. Lenné
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Random Testing ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Student Pilots ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Random testing for alcohol and other drugs (AODs) in individuals who perform safety-sensitive activities as part of their aviation role was introduced in Australia in April 2009. One year later, an online survey (N = 2,226) was conducted to investigate attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge regarding random testing and to gauge perceptions regarding its effectiveness. Private, recreational, and student pilots were less likely than industry personnel to report being aware of the requirement (86.5% versus 97.1%), to have undergone testing (76.5% versus 96.1%), and to know of others who had undergone testing (39.9% versus 84.3%), and they had more positive attitudes toward random testing than industry personnel. However, logistic regression analyses indicated that random testing is more effective at deterring AOD use among industry personnel.

Preverbation and narrativity in Lithuanian. The distribution of finite simplex and compound verbs in narrative main clauses

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Lea Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Text ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Finite Verb

The article deals with the use of simplex and compound (prefixed) verbs in narrative text. Main clauses comprising finite verb forms in the past and in the past habitual tense are examined in an attempt to establish to what extent simplex and compound verbs exhibit aspect oppositions, and whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of simplex vs. compound verbs and distinct textual units. The investigation shows that although simple and compound verbs in Lithuanian are not in direct aspect opposition to each other, in the background text portions most of the verbs are prefixless past tense forms or habitual forms, whereas in the plot-advancing text portions, the vast majority of verbs are compound verbs in the simple past tense.  

Cardiovascular Risk Prediction using JBS3 Tool: A Kerala based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulin Paul ◽  
Noel George ◽  
B. Priestly Shan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
British Society ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction

Background: The accuracy of Joint British Society calculator3 (JBS3) cardiovascular risk prediction may vary within Indian population, and is not yet studied using south Indian Kerala based population data. Objectives: To evaluate the cardiovascular disease (CV) risk estimation using the traditional CVD risk factors (TRF) in Kerala based population. Methods: This cross sectional study has 977 subjects aged between 30 and 80 years. The traditional CVD risk markers are recorded from the medical archives of clinical locations at Ernakulum district, in Kerala The 10 year risk categories used are low (<7.5%), intermediate (≥7.5% and <20%), and high (≥20%). The lifetime classifications low lifetime (≤39%) and high lifetime (≥40%) are used. The study was evaluated using statistical analysis. Chi-square test was done for dependent and categorical CVD risk variable comparison. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression for 10-year risk model and odds logistic regression analysis for lifetime model was used to identify significant risk variables. Results: The mean age of the study population is 52.56±11.43 years. The risk predictions has 39.1% in low, 25.0% in intermediate, and 35.9% had high 10-year risk. The low lifetime risk had 41.1% and 58.9% is high lifetime risk. Reclassifications to high lifetime are higher from intermediate 10-year risk category. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics indicates a good model fit. Conclusion: The risk prediction and timely intervention with appropriate therapeutic and lifestyle modification is useful in primary prevention. Avoiding short-term incidences and reclassifications to high lifetime can reduce the CVD mortality rates.

scholarly journals Impact of digitally acquired peer diagnostic input on diagnostic confidence in outpatient cases: A pragmatic randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine C Khoong ◽  
Valy Fontil ◽  
Natalie A Rivadeneira ◽  
Mekhala Hoskote ◽  
Shantanu Nundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Intervention Impact ◽  
High Uncertainty

Abstract Objective The study sought to evaluate if peer input on outpatient cases impacted diagnostic confidence. Materials and Methods This randomized trial of a peer input intervention occurred among 28 clinicians with case-level randomization. Encounters with diagnostic uncertainty were entered onto a digital platform to collect input from ≥5 clinicians. The primary outcome was diagnostic confidence. We used mixed-effects logistic regression analyses to assess for intervention impact on diagnostic confidence. Results Among the 509 cases (255 control; 254 intervention), the intervention did not impact confidence (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.999-2.12), but after adjusting for clinician and case traits, the intervention was associated with higher confidence (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.32). The intervention impact was greater in cases with high uncertainty (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.09- 9.52). Conclusions Peer input increased diagnostic confidence primarily in high-uncertainty cases, consistent with findings that clinicians desire input primarily in cases with continued uncertainty.

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