An evolutionary take on (im)politeness

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 255-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Bax
Keyword(s):  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Rapport Management ◽  
To Come ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Broad Scale

This paper is intended as an overall template of the evolution of (im)politeness. It elucidates how (linguistic) rapport management originated and developed over time, and tries to come to grips with (some of) the sociocultural factors behind such changes. Taking its point of departure in human prehistory (Section 1), the paper argues that, contrary to received wisdom, politeness and impoliteness are not two sides of the same coin (Section 2), and it discusses the dissimilar evolutionary antecedents of politeness and impoliteness (Sections 3 and 4). The paper then maps out three broad-scale diachronic trends regarding the conveyance of interpersonal distance, ipso facto the marking out of socio-proxemic interactional space; namely, (a) from performative to verbal, (b) from self-display to other-concern and (c) from collectivity-oriented to individual-oriented (Section 5).

QUALITY AND SAFETY - TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Anders Steene
Keyword(s):  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Over Time

This paper will discuss some methodical aspects in doing research in the field of hospitality and tourism. Quality aspects have been dominant subjects for a long time in the industry, safety and security aspects were more or less not on the agenda in the early 90-ies. According to how society has developed, the experience of risk and danger has changed in the society over time and nowadays both safety and security as well as quality aspects has become important elements in the tourism products. The question is, if those two different approaches can be used as mutual methods.

Diplomacy and life on Georgia's boundary line

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-371
Author(s):  
Caecilia J. van Peski
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
The Future ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
Unstable Environment ◽  
Personal Wellbeing ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sides

AbstractOn the third anniversary of the war over South Ossetia, resumed talks between Georgia and Russia are needed to create positive momentum in a still unstable environment. The article examines the continuing strains and recommends that the two sides engage in direct dialogue in order to de-escalate allegations about the other's involvement in the conflict. While formal diplomatic relations remain more or less suspended, many mutual interests remain. Paramount in this is the fact that Georgia and Russia share interests in improving mutual security, trade and transport. The impact of the ongoing conflict on Georgia's very diverse communities differs substantially, as do their priorities. Concerns over the future amongst these communities are widespread. The consequences of the violence and subsequent failure to progress resolution of the conflict still affect communities, especially those living along the Administrative Boundary Line between South Ossetia and Georgia proper. Although no major incidents of violence have occurred since 2008 and the level of humanitarian assistance provided to communities around the ABL has been impressive during the first two years following the war, the contact and movement across the ABL has become increasingly difficult, badly affecting those dependent on cross-border interaction for their personal wellbeing and that of their communities. As a result, a range of vulnerabilities is more likely to come to the surface and undermine the future sustainability of communities living along the ABL. As such, it is essential that local and international actors, including OSCE and EUMM are better able to distinguish between the varied needs of communities living along the ABL , in order to develop appropriate strategies for responding to them.

scholarly journals Mapping cognitive translation and interpreting studies: A bibliometric approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Olalla-Soler ◽  
Javier Franco Aixelá ◽  
Sara Rovira-Esteva
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Bibliometric Approach ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Bibliometric Studies ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Productive Authors

This article identifies the specific characteristics of Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS) as a branch of Translation and Interpreting Studies (TIS), adopting a bibliometric approach. The main data source for this study was the Bibliography of Interpreting and Translation (BITRA), which – as at September 2019 – included more than 77,000 TIS records, covering the diversity of languages and document types used in TIS research. BTRA is the only TIS database to feature citing information. CTIS-related records were analysed, and those published between 1976 and 2015 were compared with the whole corpus of TIS research output for the same period – again, as registered in BITRA. Specifically, we analysed: (a) the general features and evolution of CTIS publications over time (by thematic co-occurrence, by title content words, by format and by language); (b) authorship, focusing on co-authorship and on the most productive authors; (c) the citation patterns of CTIS documents, including a brief analysis of its most cited authors and publications; and (d) CTIS accessibility through a study of the ratio of documents published in open access. These aspects were analysed both synchronically and diachronically so as to describe CTIS as a whole and to identify any changes over time. Our results yield a first overview of CTIS from a bibliometric perspective and provide a methodological point of departure for future bibliometric studies in this area.

scholarly journals Build me up to break me down: frothed spawn in the sandpaper frog, Lechriodus fletcheri, is formed by female parents and later broken down by their offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
John Gould
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
External Stresses ◽  
Resultant Increase ◽  
To Come ◽  
Over Time

Several genera of anuran amphibians deposit their eggs within mucous secretions that have been aerated by the parents to produce a foam or bubble spawn body. This is a dynamic medium for embryo development given that it gradually breaks down over time, and one that has been hypothesised to serve a variety of purposes including protecting embryos from external stresses, such as suboptimal temperatures, desiccation and predation. In this study, I provide additional details of bubble spawn production in the sandpaper frog, Lechriodus fletcheri. Field and laboratory observations showed that females aerate spawn while in inguinal amplexus, using flanged fingers to transport air bubbles into the mucous. While the frothed spawn is initially resistant to breakdown, it gradually loses bubbles and flattens out into a film. This temporal shift in structure is likely to be adaptive, as the resultant increase in surface area allows embryos to come in direct contact with the open water, which may accommodate their increased oxygen demands or ease extrication from the mass. I provide evidence that this process is controlled by the residing embryos, given that spawn in the absence of embryos does not break down, highlighting the ability of offspring to modify their immediate environment even before hatching occurs to ensure conditions remain suitable for their changing needs.

scholarly journals Designing Web Based Offering and Sales Information System (Case Study : PT. Daya Berkah Sentosa Nusantara)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurjanah Ramadhany ◽  
Ade Eviyanti
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Business World ◽  
The Public ◽  
To Come ◽  
Over Time

Technology is increasingly sophisticated with over time competition in the business world such as E-Commerce has a positive impact on entrepreneurs to advance their companies, namely by creating online websites so that offerings and sales are easy among the public. By accessing the website page of PT. Daya Berkah Sentosa Nusantara buyers do not have to come directly to the place or company, and send offers according to admin needs.The purpose of this study is to make it easier for researchers to solve supply and sales problems based on problems that arise in the company. The method used in this study is the Waterfall Method, with data collection techniques used using observation, interviews and literature study. The desired result of this research is to be able to create a website for the company, to be able to expand marketing reach, buyers can view products through the website.

scholarly journals Bowing before Dual Gods: How Structured Flexibility Sustains Organizational Hybridity

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy K. Smith ◽  
Marya L. Besharov
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Stakeholder Relationships ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Adaptive Approaches ◽  
Over Time

Organizations increasingly grapple with hybridity—the combination of identities, forms, logics, or other core elements that would conventionally not go together. Drawing on in-depth longitudinal data from the first ten years of a successful social enterprise—Digital Divide Data, founded in Cambodia—we induce an empirically grounded model of sustaining hybridity over time through structured flexibility: the interaction of stable organizational features and adaptive enactment processes. We identify two stable features—paradoxical frames, involving leaders’ cognitive understandings of the two sides of a hybrid as both contradictory and interdependent, and guardrails, consisting of formal structures, leadership expertise, and stakeholder relationships associated with each side—that together facilitate ongoing adaptation in the meanings and practices of dual elements, sustaining both elements over time. Our structured flexibility model reorients research away from focusing on either stable or adaptive approaches to sustaining hybridity toward understanding their interaction, with implications for scholarship on hybridity, duality, and adaptation more broadly.

scholarly journals Social Class Origin and Assortative Mating in Britain, 1949–2010

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Henz ◽  
Colin Mills
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Origin ◽  
To Come ◽  
Similar Class ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Level Aspect ◽  
Over Time

This article examines trends in assortative mating in Britain over the last 60 years. Assortative mating is the tendency for like to form a conjugal partnership with like. Our focus is on the association between the social class origins of the partners. The propensity towards assortative mating is taken as an index of the openness of society which we regard as a macro level aspect of social inequality. There is some evidence that the propensity for partners to come from similar class backgrounds declined during the 1960s. Thereafter, there was a period of 40 years of remarkable stability during which the propensity towards assortative mating fluctuated trendlessly within quite narrow limits. This picture of stability over time in social openness parallels the well-established facts about intergenerational social class mobility in Britain.

A Hint of Things to Come …

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-36
Author(s):  
Charles R. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Historical Anthropology ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Landscape Transformations ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter provides an overview of landscape studies in archaeology, particularly as practiced in the southeastern United States. There is an extended discussion justifying historical anthropology as an important point of departure for this study, in particular because of its usefulness for exploring processes of colonialism. The chapter provides summaries of the major Native American groups and European powers that appear in the remainder of the volume. Generally speaking, the three major European players, or the Spanish, English, and French had different goals and methods of colonization. These methods cumulatively spurred a highly ramified history of landscape transformations for Native Americans. The chapter’s approach resonates well with post-colonial approaches that attempt to decolonize the past by removing Europeans as the primary lens by which we view the actions of Indigenous peoples. Working under rubrics such as “Native-lived colonialism” and “decolonizing the past,” archaeologists increasingly are seeking to integrate European texts, the archaeological record, oral histories, and the perspectives of Native peoples to try and achieve a plural perspective on past lifeways.

Welfare States in the Middle East and North Africa: Puzzles and Answers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Eibl
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Regime Formation ◽  
General Terms ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 1 sets out the main empirical puzzles of the book, which are (i) the early divergence of welfare trajectories in the region and (ii) their long persistence over time. Drawing on literature from authoritarianism studies and political economy, it lays out the theoretical argument explaining this empirical pattern by developing a novel analytical framework focused on elite incentives at the moment of regime formation and geostrategic constraints limiting their abilities to provide welfare. It also outlines the author’s explanation for the persistence of social policies over time and broadly describes the three types of welfare regime in the region. It sbows the limitations of existing theories in explaining this divergence and bigbligbts the book’s contribution to the literature. The theoretical argument is stated in general terms and sbould thus be of relevance to political economy and authoritarianism scholars more broadly. The chapter ends with an outline of the chapters to come.

Getting Partisan

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-218
Author(s):  
Adam Slez
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Field ◽  
People's Party ◽  
To Come ◽  
Over Time

This chapter traces the rise and fall of electoral Populism in southern Dakota. It begins by examining the transformation of the political field in Dakota Territory, where politics was traditionally organized around the fight for patronage. Excluded from power by the dominant faction of the Republican Party, the leaders of the Farmers’ Alliance turned to third-party politics as a means of waging war on their more elite rivals. I show that support for Populist candidates was closely with Alliance strength, though this relationship weakened over time as the People’s Party took on a life of its own. Major victories were hard to come by in the absence of electoral fusion. The free silver question served as a rallying point for pro-fusion forces, which succeeded in taking power. Unable to manage the distribution of patronage, the fusionist coalition quickly collapsed, taking what was left of the Populist movement with it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document