QUALITY AND SAFETY - TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Anders Steene
Keyword(s):  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Over Time

This paper will discuss some methodical aspects in doing research in the field of hospitality and tourism. Quality aspects have been dominant subjects for a long time in the industry, safety and security aspects were more or less not on the agenda in the early 90-ies. According to how society has developed, the experience of risk and danger has changed in the society over time and nowadays both safety and security as well as quality aspects has become important elements in the tourism products. The question is, if those two different approaches can be used as mutual methods.

On cupstones in South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Yongxu Fu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Warring States Period ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Direct Processing ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn South China, cupstones, a kind of artifact of ancient cultures bearing unique regional characteristics, are widely distributed. Cupstones are cobbles with concave recesses (cupules) formed by direct processing or wearing for a long-time of use. According to the numbers of the sides exhibiting such recesses, cupstones can be classified into those bearing recesses on one side, on two sides, on three sides, and on four or more sides. The cupstones are distributed in two distinct areas: the inland and coastal regions. They were made and used starting during the Upper Paleolithic Age and persisted into the Warring States period and Qin and Han dynasties, and perhaps even later. These artifacts experienced a development that saw their increase over time in quantity and quality as they changed from being made in rough to finer form. The function of cupstones may not be single; they might have been used to process nuts or shells, or perhaps they functioned as implements or tools for processing stone implements, or as a kind of multipurpose artifact.

scholarly journals Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5250-5259 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Aburto ◽  
Francisco Villavicencio ◽  
Ugofilippo Basellini ◽  
Søren Kjærgaard ◽  
James W. Vaupel
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Mortality Increase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

As people live longer, ages at death are becoming more similar. This dual advance over the last two centuries, a central aim of public health policies, is a major achievement of modern civilization. Some recent exceptions to the joint rise of life expectancy and life span equality, however, make it difficult to determine the underlying causes of this relationship. Here, we develop a unifying framework to study life expectancy and life span equality over time, relying on concepts about the pace and shape of aging. We study the dynamic relationship between life expectancy and life span equality with reliable data from the Human Mortality Database for 49 countries and regions with emphasis on the long time series from Sweden. Our results demonstrate that both changes in life expectancy and life span equality are weighted totals of rates of progress in reducing mortality. This finding holds for three different measures of the variability of life spans. The weights evolve over time and indicate the ages at which reductions in mortality increase life expectancy and life span equality: the more progress at the youngest ages, the tighter the relationship. The link between life expectancy and life span equality is especially strong when life expectancy is less than 70 y. In recent decades, life expectancy and life span equality have occasionally moved in opposite directions due to larger improvements in mortality at older ages or a slowdown in declines in midlife mortality. Saving lives at ages below life expectancy is the key to increasing both life expectancy and life span equality.

scholarly journals What Influences Customer Satisfaction When? Product and Service Over Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shueh-Chin Ting
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Post Purchase ◽  
Product Weight ◽  
Over Time

<p>Though researchers have examined the changes in the effects of product and service performance on customer satisfaction, the short time frames of most studies prevents deeper understanding of this relationship. This study collects information from pre-purchase to 15 years post-purchase from 11,056 potential and existing automobile customers in the Taiwan market. The data is analyzed by a regression model. Results reveal that the importance of both product and service performance change over long time and the long-term trends of product and service performance weights are non-linear. In addition, from pre-purchase to the second year post-purchase, service weight is higher than product weight, but after the third year, product weight exceeds service weight. Product and service weight on customer satisfaction over time exhibit curvilinear relationships. Therefore, which one of product or service a company should stress depends on the stage in the customer relationship.</p>

Geopolitics of a Divided Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell A. Orenstein
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian President ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Two Sides

Europe is again a divided continent. When it comes to governance, political economy, or values, two contrasting poles have emerged: one Western, liberal, and democratic, another Eastern, statist, and autocratic. The dividing line between them has become ever sharper, threatening to separate Europe into two distinct worlds. This new divide in Europe arises from a clash between two geopolitical concepts for the continent: One is the Western project of a “Europe whole and free,” an enlarging zone of economic cooperation, political interdependency, and democratic values. The other is the Russian project of a “Eurasian Union” to rival the European Union. This article shows how these two sides of Europe have grown further apart in their conceptions of the European space, their values, governance, and economic models. It explores the reasons for the belated Western responses to Russian President Vladimir Putin’s program to divide Europe. The Russo-Georgian war was a turning point, but the West took a long time to recognize the full implications of Putin’s policy. The current confrontation between Russia and the West is not exactly like the Cold War. Russia’s position is weaker. And the battle will be fought out primarily with economic instruments. However, it is clear that this conflict places Central and Eastern Europe back on the front lines of a divided Europe, raising any number of demons from the past.

An evolutionary take on (im)politeness

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 255-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Bax
Keyword(s):  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Rapport Management ◽  
To Come ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Broad Scale

This paper is intended as an overall template of the evolution of (im)politeness. It elucidates how (linguistic) rapport management originated and developed over time, and tries to come to grips with (some of) the sociocultural factors behind such changes. Taking its point of departure in human prehistory (Section 1), the paper argues that, contrary to received wisdom, politeness and impoliteness are not two sides of the same coin (Section 2), and it discusses the dissimilar evolutionary antecedents of politeness and impoliteness (Sections 3 and 4). The paper then maps out three broad-scale diachronic trends regarding the conveyance of interpersonal distance, ipso facto the marking out of socio-proxemic interactional space; namely, (a) from performative to verbal, (b) from self-display to other-concern and (c) from collectivity-oriented to individual-oriented (Section 5).

scholarly journals Bowing before Dual Gods: How Structured Flexibility Sustains Organizational Hybridity

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy K. Smith ◽  
Marya L. Besharov
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Stakeholder Relationships ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Adaptive Approaches ◽  
Over Time

Organizations increasingly grapple with hybridity—the combination of identities, forms, logics, or other core elements that would conventionally not go together. Drawing on in-depth longitudinal data from the first ten years of a successful social enterprise—Digital Divide Data, founded in Cambodia—we induce an empirically grounded model of sustaining hybridity over time through structured flexibility: the interaction of stable organizational features and adaptive enactment processes. We identify two stable features—paradoxical frames, involving leaders’ cognitive understandings of the two sides of a hybrid as both contradictory and interdependent, and guardrails, consisting of formal structures, leadership expertise, and stakeholder relationships associated with each side—that together facilitate ongoing adaptation in the meanings and practices of dual elements, sustaining both elements over time. Our structured flexibility model reorients research away from focusing on either stable or adaptive approaches to sustaining hybridity toward understanding their interaction, with implications for scholarship on hybridity, duality, and adaptation more broadly.

Legislative Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Costa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Legislative Politics ◽  
New Work ◽  
Legislative Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
French Case ◽  
Long Time ◽  
French Political Science ◽  
Over Time

This chapter proposes an assessment of the state of the study of legislative politics in France. It starts with a review of how the study of legislative politics has developed comparatively over time and identifies the major current debates in the comparative literature. Then it turns to the French case, explaining its weaknesses and peculiarities, and assessing the current state of legislative studies in France. We see that, for a long time, legislative studies were rare in the landscape of French political science. Things, though, have evolved since the end of the 1990s, when there was a renewed scholarly interest in central institutions and actors of the French political regime as well as the emergence of new work that was better connected with the methods, theories, and topics of mainstream legislative studies. Finally, we underline some dimensions of the agenda for the future study of legislative politics in France.

Two Sides of the Same Coin? Neutral Monism as an Attempt to Reconcile Subjectivity and Objectivity in Personal Identity

Metaphysica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Nils-Frederic Wagner ◽  
Iva Apostolova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Psychological Continuity ◽  
Neutral Monism ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Over Time

AbstractStandard views of personal identity over time often hover uneasily between the subjective, first-person dimension (e. g. psychological continuity), and the objective, third-person dimension (e. g. biological continuity) of a person’s life. Since both dimensions capture something integral to personal identity, we show that neither can successfully be discarded in favor of the other. The apparent need to reconcile subjectivity and objectivity, however, presents standard views with problems both in seeking an ontological footing of, as well as epistemic evidence for, personal identity. We contend that a fresh look at neutral monism offers a novel way to tackle these problems; counting on the most fundamental building blocks of reality to be ontologically neutral with regards to subjectivity and objectivity of personal identity. If the basic units of reality are, in fact, ontologically neutral – but can give rise to mental as well as physical events – these basic units of reality might account for both subjectivity and objectivity in personal identity. If this were true, it would turn out that subjectivity and objectivity are not conflictive dimensions of personal identity but rather two sides of the same coin.

scholarly journals The Impact of Serotype Cross-Protection on Vaccine Trials: DENVax as a Case Study

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Maíra Aguiar ◽  
Nico Stollenwerk
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Dengue Vaccine ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Health Need ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

There is a growing public health need for effective preventive interventions against dengue, and a safe, effective and affordable dengue vaccine against the four serotypes would be a significant achievement for disease prevention and control. Two tetravalent dengue vaccines, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV—Sanofi Pasteur) and DENVax (TAK 003—Takeda Pharmaceutical Company), have now completed phase 3 clinical trials. Although Dengvaxia resulted in serious adverse events and had to be restricted to individuals with prior dengue infections, DENVax has shown, at first glance, some encouraging results. Using the available data for the TAK 003 trial, we estimate, via the Bayesian approach, vaccine efficacy (VE) of the post-vaccination surveillance periods of 12 and 18 months. Although better measurement over a long time was expected for the second part of the post-vaccination surveillance, variation in serotype-specific efficacy needs careful consideration. Besides observing that individual serostatus prior to vaccination is determinant of DENVax vaccine efficacy, such as for Dengvaxia, we also noted, after comparing the VE estimations for 12- and 18-month periods, that vaccine efficacy is decreasing over time. The comparison of efficacies over time is informative and very important, and brings up the discussion of the role of temporary cross-immunity in dengue vaccine trials and the impact of serostatus prior to vaccination in the context of dengue fever epidemiology.

Evaluation of System Reconfigurability Based on Usable Excess

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Allen ◽  
Jason D. Watson ◽  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Scott M. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Automated Assembly ◽  
Complex Engineered Systems ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Over Time

The challenge of designing complex engineered systems with long service lives can be daunting. As customer needs change over time, such systems must evolve to meet these needs. This paper presents a method for evaluating the reconfigurability of systems to meet future needs. Specifically we show that excess capability is a key factor in evaluating the reconfigurability of a system to a particular need, and that the overall system reconfigurability is a function of the system’s reconfigurability to all future needs combined. There are many examples of complex engineered systems; for example, aircraft, ships, communication systems, spacecraft and automated assembly lines. These systems cost millions of dollars to design and millions to replicate. They often need to stay in service for a long time. However, this is often limited by an inability to adapt to meet future needs. Using an automated assembly line as an example, we show that system reconfigurability can be modeled as a function of usable excess capability.

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