scholarly journals Active Syllable Average Limit 1,000 (音涯一千)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
Jiangping Kong
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Information Entropy ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Semantic Cognition ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Tibetan Dialects

Abstract This paper mainly studies phonemic cognitive ability through the databases of living spoken languages in the Sino-Tibetan languages including 20 Chinese dialects, 6 Tibetan dialects, 5 Miao dialects, Mian, Zhuang, Thai, Li, Dai, Yi, Burmese, Zaiwa, and, Achang. The methods of statistics and information entropy and the concepts of the actual syllabic space, the syllabic theoretical space and redundancy rate are used and proposed in this paper. The results show that: (1) statistical methods can be used in the study of phonemic cognition; (2) the actual syllabic space in spoken Sino-Tibetan languages reflects the man’s phonemic cognitive ability; (3) the theoretical syllabic space composed of initial, final, and tone in the Sino-Tibetan languages reflects the dynamic process of a phoneme system in language contact and evolution; (4) a redundancy rate of 60% is the bottom limit in oral communication in the Sino-Tibetan languages. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that Active Syllable Average Limit 1,000 not only reflects man’s phonemic cognitive ability, but also reflects the interdependence of phonemic cognition and semantic cognition, and reveals an important link in the process of a language chain from semantic to phonemic transformation, which has important theoretical significance in the study of language cognition.

scholarly journals A Study on a Group of Grammatical Features across Western Yue Dialects: Perspectives from Contact-induced Grammaticalization and Semantic Map Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Lin Huayong ◽  
Wu Xueyu ◽  
Liu Zhiling
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Semantic Map ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
Linguistic Basis ◽  
Chinese Linguistics

The theory of contact-induced grammaticalization has been proposed to examine language contact and grammatical change, and was introduced into Chinese linguistic circles over 10 years ago. It contributes to a series of developments and breakthroughs in the domain of contact between Chinese and other languages as well as contact among Chinese dialects. Recent approaches to Chinese linguistics combine the theory with Semantic Map Model. In this paper, we focus on the Chinese linguistic studies benefitting from the theory and discuss a group of regional grammatical features which have provided the linguistic basis for cultural regionalization in Guangdong Province.

海南閩語結果結構

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Southern Min ◽  
Archaic Chinese ◽  
Serial Verb Construction ◽  
Serial Verb ◽  
Chinese Dialects

This paper introduces the resultative constructions in Hainan Min which have not been seriously examined in previous studies. The serial verb construction (SVC) is the main mechanism by which resultatives are expressed in Hainan Min. This special syntactic structure is examined in Hainan Min and compared to two other Chinese dialects: Taiwan Southern Min and Cantonese. I speculate that the unusual serial verb construction resultatives are associated with the preservation of a historical form and language contact. Diachronic Chinese data are given to evince that SVCs existed early in archaic Chinese. In addition, it is argued that language contact with the native language (Hlai) also contributes to the preservation of this historic remnant. 本文介紹海南閩語的結果結構。這個語法結構在過去的文獻中並未清楚的描述及討論過。本研究使用的材料大多是作者田野調查後的語料。田調的結果發現，海南閩語的結果結構主要是以連動結構來表現。以連動結構來表達結果，在現代漢語中，是一種很特殊的方式。本文因此比較了相關的漢語方言：台灣閩南語及粵語。同時，還考察了古漢語的歷時語料，發現連動結果句型應是一種存古現象。除了歷史因素外，本文還主張語言接觸也影響了連動結果句型的存古。因此，本文還探討了海南島上的黎語之結果結構。(This article is in English.)

An ablative postposition in the Xining dialect

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Dede
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Curly Tail ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Neutral Tone ◽  
Morphosyntactic Feature

This article describes a morphosyntactic feature of the Xining dialect that is unique among all Chinese dialects: that is, the use of a postposition to express ablative nominal relationships. The postposition [t[curly-tail lowercase c]ia] is invariably pronounced in the neutral tone and has no cognates in either earlier varieties of Chinese or among present Chinese dialects. The morpheme's origin is shown to have come from a neighboring non-Sinitic language. Moreover, the variations within the syntactic expression of the ablative are correlated with various sociolinguistic groups. These correlations suggest an ongoing change in the dialect's morphosyntactic system of a kind rarely observed among Chinese dialects. Finally, the process of linguistic change is correlated with demographic changes within the Xining region that show Xining is a place where language contact and rapid linguistic change are likely to be found.

On the reflexive-possessive markers in the Dongxiang language

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-600
Author(s):  
Julie Lefort
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Autonomous District ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Chinese Dialect ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
The Common

Abstract Dongxiang is a language mainly spoken in the Autonomous District of southwest Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China. The Dongxiang nationality (東鄉族), as they are officially called, represents about 300,000 speakers. The Dongxiang language is one of the peripheral Mongolic languages spoken in the Gansu-Qinghai area, also known as the Shirongol group. These languages have been isolated from the other Mongolic languages and have been influenced by the surrounding Chinese dialects to a greater or lesser degree. They have common typological forms inherited from Middle Mongolian as well as features which have been induced by language contact. In this paper, I shall discuss the reflexive possessive markers in the Dongxiang language with a special focus on the suffix -nugvun. I shall show that the functions and use of Dongxiang reflexive possessive markers -ni and -ne are similar to those of the common Mongolic markers *-ni and *-xAn. The reflexive possessive marker -nugvun seems to be found in Dongxiang only and its origin remains unclear. In sources available from the 1980s to the 2000s, it is found associated with a restrictive number of pronouns, nouns, and idiomatic expressions and is highly grammaticalized. However, in more recent sources, it is found associated with a greater number of nouns and seems to have more semantic implications. Moreover, it is also found in a role which could be associated with that of a pronoun, and which can receive a plural and reflexive morphology. Nugvun can be used completely independently and is probably a calque of the Chinese dialect of Linxia 個家ge42 jia243 . This shows that it is most probably an innovation developed from the original suffix.

On the Study of Strata in the Phonological History of Dialects

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Rulong Li
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Phonological Categories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Dialects

Researchers studying strata in the phonological history of Chinese dialects should note the following: First, some historical strata emerged because of language contact. Second, beside the evolution of phonological categories themselves, it is also important to trace the actual sound change from one pronunciation to another. Third, primary (i.e. covering most characters in a category) and secondary strata should be differentiated, and the latter should not be blown out of proportion. Fourth, researchers should find out how the various strata in a dialect constitute a single synchronic system. The four points in discussion are all illustrated with examples from Min dialects.

scholarly journals Ranking Influential Nodes of Fake News Spreading on Mobile Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-130
Author(s):  
Yunfei Xing ◽  
Xiwei Wang ◽  
Feng-Kwei Wang ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Wu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Entropy ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Entropy Theory ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Mobile Social Networks ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Influential Nodes

Online fake news can generate a negative impact on both users and society. Due to the concerns with spread of fake news and misinformation, assessing the network influence of online users has become an important issue. This study quantifies the influence of nodes by proposing an algorithm based on information entropy theory. Dynamic process of influence of nodes is characterized on mobile social networks (MSNs). Weibo (i.e., the Chinese version of microblogging) users are chosen to build the real network and quantified influence of them is analyzed according to the model proposed in this paper. MATLAB is employed to simulate and validate the model. Results show the comprehensive influence of nodes increases with the rise of two factors: the number of nodes connected to them and the frequency of their interaction. Indirect influence of nodes becomes stronger than direct influence when the network scope rises. This study can help relevant organizations effectively oversee the spread of online fake news on MSNs.

Writing development during study abroad

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Strobl ◽  
Kristof Baten
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Writing Development ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
And Task

Abstract Previous research on the benefits of study abroad (SA) has mainly focused on oral communication skills and L2 English, while written communication and other foreign languages have received far less attention. This study addresses this gap by investigating writing development in L2 German. It also aims to further the discussion about methods to assess writing development by combining different types of data. The writing gains of 30 Belgian students in L2 German were investigated after one semester abroad. Pre- and post-SA writing samples were analysed using linguistic and task-related assessment criteria. The results are triangulated with data about self-perceived language gains, on the one hand, and self-reported language contact and social networks during SA, on the other. The results indicate a correlation between self-report writing gains, language contact, and social networks.

Lateral Eye Movement as a Measure of Cognitive Ability and Style

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Owens ◽  
John Limber
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Theoretical Significance

Research on lateral eye movements has examined personality and cognitive correlates with the hope of establishing such eye movements as a measure of preference for the different modes of information-processing associated with each of the cerebral hemispheres. Unfortunately, a review of this research provides only conflicting, tenuous substantiation for such hypotheses. The present study attempts to resolve the conflict within previous research by investigating the validity of the measure across a variety of tests of cognitive ability and preference, utilizing several procedures for scoring and classifying subjects on the measure. However, evidence for this measure's ability to predict cognitive performance linked to hemispheric specialization—in any of our conditions—was extremely meager. The usefulness of lateral eye movements as a diagnostic tool must be considered highly suspect; despite this fact, the measure may yet prove to be of some theoretical significance.

Exploring the emergence of the postverbal sin1 先 in Cantonese

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-375
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Coastal China

Abstract Sin1 先 as a function word in contemporary Cantonese encodes a number of grammatical and pragmatic meanings. As its most prominent feature in syntax, it predominantly occurs in the postverbal position while indicating the meaning of ‘first’. This paper explores the emergence of the postverbal sin1 先 ‘first’ in Cantonese. We first examine the word order typology on the element for ‘first’ in the languages and dialects of southern coastal China. In this linguistic area, the postverbal elements for ‘first’ in Chinese dialects are contact-induced by Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien languages; whereas sin1 先 ‘first’ in the mainstream Cantonese shows a stronger tendency to be placed in the postverbal position than its counterparts in other Chinese dialects. We then discuss the word order and semantic changes of sin1 先 from 1820s to 1960s based on Cantonese historical materials. Besides the pressure of language contact, the formation of the postverbal sin1 先 ‘first’ has been further triggered by the semantic motivation to formally differentiate the ‘precedent-subsequent’ polysemy within sin1 先 itself. In short, the emergence of the postverbal sin1 先 ‘first’ in Cantonese has been a two-stage process, dually driven by external and internal causes, respectively.

scholarly journals A reflection on constructionalization and constructional borrowing, inspired by an emerging Dutch replica of the ‘time’-away construction

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 91-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Colleman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Alternative Scenario ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Time Away ◽  
Semantic Properties

While recent years have seen an increased interest for the potential effects of language contact on the formal and/or semantic properties of constructions, existing case studies of (potentially) contact-induced change in individual constructions (e.g. Pietsch 2010; Höder 2012, 2014; Van de Velde and Zenner 2010; Colleman and Noël 2014, etc.) have so far made little impact on the booming field of diachronic construction grammar at large, i.e. they have stayed largely under the radar of constructionist theorizing about language change. The present paper reflects on the theoretical significance of a recent innovation in Dutch, viz. the emergence of an argument structure construction that mirrors the form and semantics of the English ‘time’-away construction first described in Jacken-doff (1997). While it is fairly uncontroversial that English influence has something to do with this innovation, it is by no means easy to determine exactly what has happened. Even though an alternative scenario, in which the new Dutch pattern developed out of pre-existing Dutch pattern featuring weg ‘away’, cannot be ruled out, I will argue that one plausible way of accounting for the observed facts is to assume that a ready-made English form-meaning unit was copied into Dutch. On this view, the observed change would count as an instance of instantaneous grammatical constructionalization.

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