A contrastive analysis of (English) ‘there’ and (Spanish) hay existential sentences

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-164
Author(s):  
Javier Pérez-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Existential Sentence ◽  
Specific Description ◽  
Existential Sentences ◽  
Existential Construction ◽  
Selection Of

This study is devoted to the grammatical, semantic and informative analysis of the so-called existential sentence (“There is a girl in the garden” in English, or Hay una niña en el jardín ‘There-is a girl in the garden’ in Spanish) in an attempt to establish a multi-linguistic prototype of the construction. To that end, data from several corpora of contemporary spoken English and Spanish are analysed in a number of ways, including the frequency of this construction in the two languages, the basic elements of its syntactic structure, and the semantic and informative constraints which operate in the existential/presentational construction. This study also deals with the degree of variation which these sentences exhibit and how this affects the selection of the marker of the construction (‘there’, hay), agreement between the marker or the verb and the postverbal noun phrase, the accommodation of additional constituents such as locative phrases or nominal postmodifiers and complements, the so-called indefiniteness restriction, and the compliance with general informative principles to which English and Spanish are claimed to be subject. A corpus-based contrastive methodology leads both to a prototypical and to a language-specific description of the existential construction in English and Spanish, in which the notion of grammatical, semantic and informative versatility plays a significant role.

Syntactic and Phonological Influences on Children’s Articulation

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Panagos ◽  
Mary Ellen Quine ◽  
Richard J. Klich
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Declarative Sentence ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Phonological Deficits ◽  
Word Position ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Passive Sentence

The effects of syntactic and phonological structure on the consonant articulations of children with phonological deficits were investigated. Three structural variables were studied: syntactic structure (noun phrase, declarative sentence and passive sentence), word structure (monosyllable and disyllable) and word position (initial and final). Syntactic structure and word structure significantly affected the accuracy of articulation and the degree of word simplification. Structural complexity may contribute to overall hierarchial complexity, in turn causing children to simplify their speech.

scholarly journals The Influence of Frequency on the Acquisition and Textbooks Design of Second Language Vocabulary

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anwar Saad Aljadani
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Teaching Objectives ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
L2 Vocabulary ◽  
Selection Of

This paper provides an overview of the role of vocabulary frequency in second language (L2) acquisition as vocabulary is a dominant feature of language acquisition and vitally important to language learners. It reported the vocabulary frequency’s significant role in both the earlier acquisition and the easier remembering comparing to infrequent vocabulary in L2 acquisition. It also seeks to discuss the influence of frequency on the selection of vocabulary in L2 textbooks as they are sometime the only source of L2 vocabulary in the classroom. It presents discussions of what vocabulary should be selected, how selective vocabulary are organised in the textbooks to reach determined teaching objectives as well as the teaching rate pre lesson. 

Benjamin Franklin and the Holy See, 1783–1784

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Luca Codignola
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Benjamin Franklin ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
Selection Of

Benjamin Franklin played a significant role in the early encounter between Rome and the United States. By highlighting Franklin’s role one is likely to question the two main tenets of traditional Catholic historiography in this regard. First of all, that the Holy See did not unwillingly submit itself to any imposition of newly-devised American democratic procedures in selecting how best to deal with the new republic. Secondly, that Franklin did constantly intervene in religious matters, at least as far as these concerned the establishment of the Catholic Church in the United States. In fact, the adoption of a democratic form of selection of the higher hierarchy was easily accepted and indeed exploited by the Holy See. Furthermore, much was going on underneath the official doctrine of the separation between church and state. This resembled old-regime diplomatic wrangling and had Franklin as its main protagonist.

‘Ideal-Problem-Solution’ (IPS) Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifirdaus Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Discourse Structure ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
New Model ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Discourse Patterns ◽  
Ips Model ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Model Fits

Research article introductions (RAIs) play a significant role in gaining publication, and therefore have been studied by many applied linguists. Research into RAIs published in Indonesia has begun to be developed (Adnan, 2009; Mirahayuni, 2001; Safnil, 2000), and generally conclude that Indonesian Humanities RAIs were structured differently from English RAIs. However, as these are early studies, their findings still awaits scrutiny, and little information on Indonesian RAIs especially in Education has been published. Several models describing discourse structure of research article introductions have been proposed, but they have been problematic when applied to analyse RAIs. This paper reports an examination of the applicability of two important models, the CARS (Swales, 1990) and the PJP model claimed to be an Indonesian model of Humanities RAIs (Safnil, 2000), using a selection of 21 Indonesian research article Introductions (RAIs) written by Indonesian academics in Education. It concentrates on the following questions: To what extent do these models fit the data and why? The examination found that none of the RAIs fit the CARS, and only less than half fit the PJP model for various reasons. Therefore a new model is proposed. This model fits most of the data. The paper claims that apart from national concerns, discourse patterns of RAIs are also affected by writing guides provided by the discipline.

Another look at definites in existentials

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Existential Sentence ◽  
Existential Sentences

Existential sentences have usually been defined on the basis of their morpho-syntactic characteristics. In English, the term has been used to designate those sentences in which the unstressed, non-deictic there occurs. It has been further observed that most such sentences contain the verb be, an indefinite NP and a locative adverbial following there in that order. Despite this syntactic characterization, however, the term ‘existential sentence’ has been taken, erroneously, to refer to some semantic features of the sentence as well, and so it has been generally assumed that existential sentences always assert the existence of some entity.1

The selection of determiners in noun phrase production.

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Miozzo ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Cognitive Motivation for Unaccusative Verbs with Objects in Existential Construction in Chinese

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Haiying Wu ◽  
Ye Liang ◽  
Liling Tian
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Cognitive Motivation ◽  
Unaccusative Verbs ◽  
Existential Sentences ◽  
Existential Construction ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

This study applies conceptual blending and grammatical blending to analyze the meaning and structure construction of the NP1+Vi+NP2 construction in existential construction in Chinese. We found that the NP1+Vi+NP2 construction in existential sentences is the result of conceptual integration and grammatical blending of two subevents with basic grammatical structure of NP1+Vt+NP2 and NP2+Vi respectively. By discussing process of semantic construction and syntactic realization, we derive that the structure of existential sentences is integrated by the input spaces of "the existing object exists (or lies on some status)" and "somewhere exists something". It can concludes that the emergent meaning is "somewhere exists the existing object lying on some status" through analyzing the blending characters. This proves that conceptual integration and grammatical blending theories are animate and have mighty explanatory power in this specific linguistic phenomenon.

scholarly journals Marketing problems of kohlrabi, carrot and cauliflower: A case study of Lakhipur Community Development Block of Goalpara District, Assam, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakil Ali
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Development Block ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Price Spread

Lakhipur Community Development block of Goalpara district of Assam has been selected for the study. The reason behind selection of the area is that Kohlrabi, Carrot and Cauliflower play a significant role in the economy of the district. Growing vegetables sector provides opportunities for employment generation, attain income and food security and increase income through value addition. However, due to the absence of efficient marketing facilities and processing units farmers do not receive remunerative prices. As most of the vegetable crops are perishable, their harvest and marketing are very crucial for boosting the development of these crops. It was observed that about 4.03 per cent of Kohlrabi, 3.57 per cent of Carrot and 3.22 per cent of Cauliflower’s scope for increasing producer’s share in consumer’s price. And also seen that absence of proper marketing facilities in the post harvest operations from the farmers to the consumers are found responsible for the wide price spread.

Influence of gender on the use of kinship terms in English and Serbian

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Kinship terms are widely present in the English and Serbian language. However, research on their actual use and the role gender plays in the selection of those terms is fairly scarce. The purpose of this contrastive analysis is to explore the influence of gender on the use of kinship terms among the speakers of English and Serbian and to determine cultural conceptualizations underlying these terms. The study is corpus based. The data were collected by the means of questionnaires and analyzed statistically. Kinship terms represent a culturally constructed category reflected in the lexicon of these two contrasted languages. For this reason, Cultural Linguistics and its theoretical and analytical tools serve as the basis for the theoretical framework for this study. The results of the analysis have shown that gender significantly influences the use and the selection of kinship terms.

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