The construction of attitudinal stance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pérez Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Working Procedure

This paper is a corpus-based contrastive study of the realization of negative attitudinal stance in English and Spanish discourse through the use of evaluative adjectives. The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the grammatical patterns in which negative evaluative adjectives occur in each language and discuss the observed cross-linguistic differences in terms of the effects that alternative linguistic realizations have in the construction of evaluative discourse. The working procedure follows a contrastive analysis methodology: description of empirical data, juxtaposition and contrast. The descriptive data have been extracted from a large comparable corpus of English and Spanish newspaper opinion discourse. The study has revealed interesting similarities and differences in the construction of Attitude in each language, which are inferred by contrasting its surface structural features.

scholarly journals Object-oriented perception: towards a contrastive approach to evidentiality in media discourse

Kalbotyra ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (69) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Elena Domínguez Romero
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Perception Verbs ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This paper is a corpus-based study of the evidential realisations of object-oriented perception verbs in English and Spanish written and oral media discourse. The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the different uses and complementation patterns taken by the English words look and sound and their Spanish counterparts se ve and suena. The procedure followed involves a contrastive analysis methodology: (i) description of data, (ii) juxtaposition and (iii) contrast. The data has been taken from oral and written media discourse corpora in English and Spanish. The study has revealed interesting similarities and differences in the uses and complementation patterns adopted by object-oriented perception verbs in both written and oral English and Spanish, thus making a contribution to a debate in which Spanish has been obviated to date.

scholarly journals Approval and Disapproval Expressions in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Abeer Hadi Salih
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Linguistics

Any language in the world wide has different expressions and terms that convey approval or disapproval that language speakers may use in their daily life. English language for instance, is full of such expressions and can be found in any situation needs to. The present research studies approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic as a contrastive study. It tries to search for those terms or sentences that are used to express approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic. It aims to highlight the points of similarities and differences between those expressions that are used to state approval and disapproval in the two languages. Also the study includes a contrastive analysis to the expressions of approval and disapproval in English with their equivalents in Arabic in order to come up with the conclusions. It concluded that the approval and disapproval expressions in English language are similar to their counterparts in Arabic language but differ in two points. Firstly in Arabic language main verbs are used to convey approval and disapproval whereas in English are not. Secondly, in English language the exclamatory style is used to express approval in contrast, Arabic language is not. Researchers, teachers, translators and any who cares about English language and linguistics can get benefit from this study, precisely because it includes a comparison between two languages, English language and Arabic, with several types of expressions and terms that are being actually used to express approval and disapproval.

scholarly journals Interrogative Sentence: A Contrastive Study of Arabic and Indonesian

IZDIHAR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoirin Nikmah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
First Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Involving first language (L1) in second language learning (L2) is considered as an effective method to be practiced. This research focuses on a contrastive study between Arabic and Indonesian. It aims to investigate similarities and differences of the two languages, especially about their interrogative sentence forms. It is descriptive qualitative research which applies two methods; observation and introspection method. Then, Contrastive Analysis (CA) is used to analyze the data. The result shows that similarity concept between Arabic and Indonesian is many shown on matā, ayna, limādzā, and hal. Meanwhile, differences between both of them are shown on mā, man, ayy, and kayfa. As a result, it may occur errors in the use of question, errors in translating interrogative sentence, and errors in understanding question.

scholarly journals The Expression of Indefiniteness in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inam Ismael Taher
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Language System ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Language Universals ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Similarity And Difference

Indefiniteness is a semantic feature expressed by grammatical devices to be used linguistically depending on pragmatic factors. So, the present study deals with indefiniteness syntactically, semantically and pragmatically. These levels are related to each other and it is not easy to draw lines between them. The study aims at (1)Pointing out how the concept of indefiniteness is expressed grammatically in English and Arabic, and show the role of articles in expressing the concept.(2)Showing the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic uses of the indefinite expression in English and Arabic.(3)Identifying the similarity and difference between the two languages at the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels which may help to get a common core that contributes to the belief in the existence of language universals. The procedures followed in this study include an introduction about the concept of indefiniteness, and a brief survey of indefiniteness in thirty-one languages to show how this concept is expressed in them. Then, indefiniteness in English and Arabic is dealt with at the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels. This is followed by a contrastive analysis to point out the similarities and differences between the two languages.The study has come to the conclusion that, in English, the indefinite feature exists in the noun, not in the article, and the article has a syntactic function rather than a semantic one. The study shows also that, semantically, indefiniteness in English and Arabic is almost the same, and its function is internal to the language system. Syntactically and pragmatically, indefiniteness in Arabic is more powerful and active than it is in English. Syntactically, the indefinite item is obligatory in certain positions to perform different functions. Pragmatically, the indefinite item acquires additional meaning from the context in which it occurs.

Mapping meaning onto form

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Ramón García
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Working Procedure ◽  
Grammatical Structures

This paper is a corpus-based contrastive study of one particular semantic area — the modification of nouns — and the grammatical structures available in English and Spanish to actualize this particular meaning within the scope of the NP. Two large monolingual reference corpora, one in each language, have been used to extract the empirical data on which to base the analysis. A functional approach has been followed, starting from perceived similarities in meaning and trying to reveal the subtle links between particular semantic functions and the structures most commonly employed by native speakers of the two languages to convey those semantic functions. The working procedure will be described in detail, from the data selection process, to the description, juxtaposition and final contrast. This paper presents part of the contrastive results found in a larger study (Ramón 2003), and shows the appropriateness of the methodology employed in order to obtain contrastive data useful in applied areas such as foreign language teaching, and, especially, in the field of translation.

scholarly journals A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF THE IBIBIO AND IGBO SOUND SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
God'spower Etim
Keyword(s):  
Learning Problems ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research strives to contrast the consonant phonemes, vowel phonemes and tones ofIbibio and Igbo in order to describe their similarities and differences. The researcher adoptedthe descriptive method, and relevant data on the phonology of the two languages weregathered and analyzed within the framework of CA before making predictions andconclusions. Ibibio consists of ten vowels and fourteen consonant phonemes, while Igbo ismade up of eight vowels and twenty-eight consonants. The results of contrastive analysis ofthe two languages showed that there are similarities as well as differences in the soundsystems of the languages. There are some sounds in Ibibio which are not present in Igbo.Also many sounds are in Igbo which do not exist in Ibibio. Both languages share thephonemes /e, a, i, o, ɔ, u, p, b, t, d, k, kp, m, n, ɲ, j, ŋ, f, s, j, w/. All the phonemes in Ibibioare present in Igbo except /ɨ/, /ʉ/, and /ʌ/. Igbo has two vowel segments /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ and alsofourteen consonant phonemes /g, gb, kw, gw, ŋw, v, z, ʃ, h, ɣ, ʧ, ʤ, l, r/ which Ibibio lacks.Both languages have high, low and downstepped tones but Ibibio further has contour orgliding tones which are not tone types in Igbo. Also, the downstepped tone in Ibibio isconventionally marked with exclamation point, while in Igbo, it is conventionally markedwith a raised macron over the segments bearing it. With the assumptions of ContrastiveAnalysis Hypothesis (CAH), these differences may constitute learning problems to thelearners of either language, while similarities may facilitate learning. The paper predictsproblems and proffer solutions to helps teachers as well as learners tackle these difficulties.

scholarly journals VERB FEATURE DIFFERENCES IN INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shinta Aziez
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Observation Method

AbstractThis study contrasted verb features that exist in Indonesian and English imperative sentences. The contrastive analysis is used to make the second language or foreign language learners understand more easily on the target language being learnt. In this case, the study tried to contrast Indonesian language as L1 and English as L2. The data that were used in this study were taken from two sources; Indonesian and English Grammar. The grammar was sorted specifically only on imperative sentences that were collected through attentive observation method and is continued by notetaking technique. Hence, some imperative sentences that were collected were then be analyzed by comparing language units with determining tools in form of comparative relationship between all determining elements that are relevant with all the determined language units. The result revealed that there were some similarities and differences in the verb features of Indonesian and English imperative sentences. Both Indonesian and English mostly use base verb to form imperative sentences, in some cases, they also use suffixes. Also, they attach marker words to form negative and to soften the imperative sentence. On the contrary, some contrasts were found in the existence of passive form, the use of suffixes, the distribution of some markers, the use of auxiliary verbs, and the existence of inversion form.Keywords: Contrastive Study, English, Imperative sentences, Indonesian, Verb Features

scholarly journals Morpho-syntactic variations in English and Spanish clipped words: a contrastive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-760
Author(s):  
Félix Rodríguez González ◽  
José A. Sánchez Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Functional Motivations

Abstract Clipping and linguistic variation are inexorably interconnected. Shortened or elliptical words reflect a great deal of variability of the language, especially in the morphological and phonological levels. The object of this study is precisely to explore the phono-graphemic and grammatical variations occurred in the visible changes undergone by clipped words in Spanish and English. A contrastive analysis of this type reveals both expectedly different correspondences in terms of gender and number, and surprisingly parallel lexico-syntactic features. This suggests that clipped or elliptical units are not only necessarily dependent on intrinsic morpho-grammatical and phonological traits, but they are also characterized by regularities and universal patterns that might show disruptive or “corrupted” constructs. This analysis confirms the peculiarities of clipping and linguistic variations in both languages, in an attempt to comprehend the interconnection between functional motivations, and morphological and phonological changes.

scholarly journals Move Structure of Research Article Abstracts on Management: Contrastive Study (the Case of English and Russian)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Zanina
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Academic Communication

Although a plethora of papers have proved a seminal role of move-based genre analysis in cross-linguistic research of academic communication and EAP/ESP teaching and learning, there is a lack of respective linguistic or pedagogically motivated studies of research articles (RAs) and their parts aimed at comparing English and Russian. Using Hyland’s (2000) 5-move model, the current research seeks to determine the most obvious cross-linguistic differences in the move structure of abstracts of research articles on management for these languages. Based on a move analysis of the English- and Russian-language corpora each comprising 20 unstructured RA abstracts, the research revealed conformity of most English-language abstracts to Hyland’s model, while the Russian abstracts principally displayed a three-move structure containing ‘purpose’, ‘method’ and ‘product’, and included the ‘introduction’ and ‘conclusion’ moves only occasionally. Other significant discrepancies comprised the English-language authors’ tendency to provide precise or detailed indication of research methods and results, in contrast to their brief indication or over-generalized mentioning by Russian writers, as well as greater length of the English-language abstracts and their stricter concordance to standard move sequence than those of the Russian abstracts. Though the research was conducted on relatively small corpora and was descriptive in nature, its findings might be of interest to genre analysts as well as to L2 theorists and practitioners.

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