scholarly journals A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF THE IBIBIO AND IGBO SOUND SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
God'spower Etim
Keyword(s):  
Learning Problems ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research strives to contrast the consonant phonemes, vowel phonemes and tones ofIbibio and Igbo in order to describe their similarities and differences. The researcher adoptedthe descriptive method, and relevant data on the phonology of the two languages weregathered and analyzed within the framework of CA before making predictions andconclusions. Ibibio consists of ten vowels and fourteen consonant phonemes, while Igbo ismade up of eight vowels and twenty-eight consonants. The results of contrastive analysis ofthe two languages showed that there are similarities as well as differences in the soundsystems of the languages. There are some sounds in Ibibio which are not present in Igbo.Also many sounds are in Igbo which do not exist in Ibibio. Both languages share thephonemes /e, a, i, o, ɔ, u, p, b, t, d, k, kp, m, n, ɲ, j, ŋ, f, s, j, w/. All the phonemes in Ibibioare present in Igbo except /ɨ/, /ʉ/, and /ʌ/. Igbo has two vowel segments /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ and alsofourteen consonant phonemes /g, gb, kw, gw, ŋw, v, z, ʃ, h, ɣ, ʧ, ʤ, l, r/ which Ibibio lacks.Both languages have high, low and downstepped tones but Ibibio further has contour orgliding tones which are not tone types in Igbo. Also, the downstepped tone in Ibibio isconventionally marked with exclamation point, while in Igbo, it is conventionally markedwith a raised macron over the segments bearing it. With the assumptions of ContrastiveAnalysis Hypothesis (CAH), these differences may constitute learning problems to thelearners of either language, while similarities may facilitate learning. The paper predictsproblems and proffer solutions to helps teachers as well as learners tackle these difficulties.

The construction of attitudinal stance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pérez Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Working Procedure

This paper is a corpus-based contrastive study of the realization of negative attitudinal stance in English and Spanish discourse through the use of evaluative adjectives. The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the grammatical patterns in which negative evaluative adjectives occur in each language and discuss the observed cross-linguistic differences in terms of the effects that alternative linguistic realizations have in the construction of evaluative discourse. The working procedure follows a contrastive analysis methodology: description of empirical data, juxtaposition and contrast. The descriptive data have been extracted from a large comparable corpus of English and Spanish newspaper opinion discourse. The study has revealed interesting similarities and differences in the construction of Attitude in each language, which are inferred by contrasting its surface structural features.

scholarly journals Contrastive Analysis of British and American English in Relation To Teaching English as a Foreign Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2367-2372
Author(s):  
Novalina Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
American English ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
British English ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research was a descriptive research which was aimed at finding out the similarities, dissimilarities and the contributions of the contrastive analysis on teaching English as a foreign language. The data of this research were collected through library and internet sources. The researchers use comparative descriptive method to analyse the data. The obtained results was the comparison of American and British English in vocabulary, grammar, spelling, pronunciation and the contributions of them in teaching English as a foreign language. The research finding shows that British and American English are very similar in many aspects. Even though British and American English are mostly similar, they also have some differences. The difference of British and American English can be found in terms of vocabulary, grammar, spelling and pronunciation. Among them, vocabulary is the largest one. It is suggested that lecturers and teachers aware of the similarities and differences between British and American English in teaching English as a foreign language so that it will lead to the successful teaching of English including its varieties.

scholarly journals Approval and Disapproval Expressions in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Abeer Hadi Salih
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Linguistics

Any language in the world wide has different expressions and terms that convey approval or disapproval that language speakers may use in their daily life. English language for instance, is full of such expressions and can be found in any situation needs to. The present research studies approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic as a contrastive study. It tries to search for those terms or sentences that are used to express approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic. It aims to highlight the points of similarities and differences between those expressions that are used to state approval and disapproval in the two languages. Also the study includes a contrastive analysis to the expressions of approval and disapproval in English with their equivalents in Arabic in order to come up with the conclusions. It concluded that the approval and disapproval expressions in English language are similar to their counterparts in Arabic language but differ in two points. Firstly in Arabic language main verbs are used to convey approval and disapproval whereas in English are not. Secondly, in English language the exclamatory style is used to express approval in contrast, Arabic language is not. Researchers, teachers, translators and any who cares about English language and linguistics can get benefit from this study, precisely because it includes a comparison between two languages, English language and Arabic, with several types of expressions and terms that are being actually used to express approval and disapproval.

scholarly journals Interrogative Sentence: A Contrastive Study of Arabic and Indonesian

IZDIHAR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoirin Nikmah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
First Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Involving first language (L1) in second language learning (L2) is considered as an effective method to be practiced. This research focuses on a contrastive study between Arabic and Indonesian. It aims to investigate similarities and differences of the two languages, especially about their interrogative sentence forms. It is descriptive qualitative research which applies two methods; observation and introspection method. Then, Contrastive Analysis (CA) is used to analyze the data. The result shows that similarity concept between Arabic and Indonesian is many shown on matā, ayna, limādzā, and hal. Meanwhile, differences between both of them are shown on mā, man, ayy, and kayfa. As a result, it may occur errors in the use of question, errors in translating interrogative sentence, and errors in understanding question.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN PARTIKEL PREPOSISI BAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN BAHASA KOREA: SEBUAH ANALISIS KONTRASTIF

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Aulia Nurnovika
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Joint Method

AbstrakPenelitian kontrastif tentang partikel preposisi bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Korea ini membahas persamaan dan perbedaan kedua bahasa dari beberapa aspek, yaitu (1) bentuk; (2) posisi, (3) fungsi, dan (4) penggunaan. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam proses pengumpulan data ini adalah metode deskriptif kontrastif. Metode ini merupakan metode gabungan yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Korea yang dikontraskan. Pengontrasan dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang persamaan dan perbedaan karakteristik gramatikal di antara kedua bahasa tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa (1) Bentuk partikel preposisi dari kedua bahasa berbeda. Bahasa Indonesia partikelnya berupa kata sedangkan bahasa korea partikelnya berupa satuan yang lekat atau morfem. (2) Posisi partikel preposisi dalam bahasa Indonesia umumnya terdapat di depan kata yang diterangkan sedangkan partikel preposisi dalam bahasa Korea pasti lekat dibelakang kata yang diterangkannya. (3) Fungsi partikel preposisi dalam bahasa Indonesia berjumlah 16 sedangkan fungsi partikel preposisi dalam bahasa Korea berjumlah 11. (4) Penggunaan partikel preposisidalam kedua bahasa sama-sama berperan aktif dalam pembentukan kalimat.Kata Kunci: analisis kontrastif, partikel preposisi, bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Korea�AbstractThe study of contrastive about preposition particles of Indonesian and Korean language discusses the similarities and differences of the two languages from several aspects, namely (1) form; (2) position, (3) function, and (4) usage. The research method used in this data collection process is a descriptive method contrastive. This method is a joint method that aims to describe the Indonesian language and the Korean language that is contrasted. Contrast is performed to obtain information on the similarities and differences in grammatical characteristics between the two languages. The results obtained from data analysis show that (1) Form of preposition particles of two different languages. Bahasa Indonesia partikelnya word while the korean particles in the form of aunit that is sticky or morpheme. (2) The position of the preposition particles in the Indonesian language is generally present in front of the said word whereas the preposition particles in Korean must be attached behind the word it describes. (3) The function of the preposition particles in Indonesian is 16, whereas the function of preposition particles in Korean is 11. (4) The use of preposition particles in both languages is equally active in the formation of sentences.Keywords: contrastive analysis, preposition particles, Indonesian language, Korean�language

scholarly journals The Expression of Indefiniteness in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inam Ismael Taher
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Language System ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Language Universals ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Similarity And Difference

Indefiniteness is a semantic feature expressed by grammatical devices to be used linguistically depending on pragmatic factors. So, the present study deals with indefiniteness syntactically, semantically and pragmatically. These levels are related to each other and it is not easy to draw lines between them. The study aims at (1)Pointing out how the concept of indefiniteness is expressed grammatically in English and Arabic, and show the role of articles in expressing the concept.(2)Showing the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic uses of the indefinite expression in English and Arabic.(3)Identifying the similarity and difference between the two languages at the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels which may help to get a common core that contributes to the belief in the existence of language universals. The procedures followed in this study include an introduction about the concept of indefiniteness, and a brief survey of indefiniteness in thirty-one languages to show how this concept is expressed in them. Then, indefiniteness in English and Arabic is dealt with at the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels. This is followed by a contrastive analysis to point out the similarities and differences between the two languages.The study has come to the conclusion that, in English, the indefinite feature exists in the noun, not in the article, and the article has a syntactic function rather than a semantic one. The study shows also that, semantically, indefiniteness in English and Arabic is almost the same, and its function is internal to the language system. Syntactically and pragmatically, indefiniteness in Arabic is more powerful and active than it is in English. Syntactically, the indefinite item is obligatory in certain positions to perform different functions. Pragmatically, the indefinite item acquires additional meaning from the context in which it occurs.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis between English Idioms and Their Indonesian Translations in the Novel The Girl on the Train by Paula Hawkins (2015)

E-Structural ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Dian Novita Sari ◽  
Jumanto Jumanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Pair Type ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Verbal Idioms ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract. This study explores to find out the similarities, the differences, and the learning problems in a particular context, through a contrastive analysis. The researchers have employed a descriptive, qualitative method during the research since the aim of this study is to find out the similarities, differences, and the learning problems of English idiom and its Indonesian translation in the novel The Girl on the Train by Paula Hawkins (2015). Based on the analysis that has been done, the researchers have found out that there are 16 verbal idioms, 6 informal idioms, 4 idioms with special keywords, 2 idioms related to special themes, and 2 idiomatic pairs. About the similarities and differences, the researchers have concluded that there are 13 of 16 English idioms similar to its Indonesian translations and 3 of them different. In the informal idiom-type, there are 3 English idioms similar to its Indonesian translations and also there are 3 English idioms different from its Indonesian translations. In the idioms with special-keyword type, there is no English idiom similar to its Indonesian translation, but there are 4 English idioms that are different from its Indonesian translations. In the idioms related to special-theme type, there are 2 English idioms similar to its Indonesian translations and there is no difference. In the idiomatic-pair type, there are 2 English idioms similar to its Indonesian translations, but there is no difference in this type. Indonesian learners should note these similarities and differences between English idiom and its Indonesian translation in the novel, so they will not face learning problems or make translating mistakes when translating idioms from English into Indonesian. This is essential, especially in a translation concerning the differences between the English and Indonesian idioms.Keywords: contrastive analysis, English and Indonesian idiom, idiom translation, Paula Hawkins’ The Girl on the Train Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan persamaan dan perbedaan, serta masalah belajar dalam konteks tertentu, dengan metode analisis kontrastif. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif, untuk menemukan persamaan, perbedaan, dan masalah belajar atau penerjemahan idiom dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dari novel  The Girl on the Train karya Paula Hawkins (2015). Dari hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa ada 16 verbal idioms, 6 informal idioms, 4 idioms with special keywords, 2 idioms related to special themes, dan  2 idiomatic pairs. Terkait  dengan persamaan dan perbedaan, disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa ada 13 dari 16 idiom bahasa Inggris yang sama dengan terjemahan bahasa Indonesia, dan 3 idiom yang berbeda. Dalam tipe  informal idiom, ada 3 idiom bahasa Inggris yang sama dengan terjemahan bahasa Indonesia, dan juga ada 3 idiom bahasa Inggris yang berbeda dari terjemahan bahasa Indonesia. Dalam tipe idioms with special keywords, idiom bahasa Inggris tidak ada yang sama dengan terjemahan  bahasa Indonesia, tapi ada 4 idiom bahasa Inggris yang berbeda dari terjemahan bahasa Indonesia. Dalam tipe  idioms related to special-theme type, ada 2 idiom bahasa Inggris yang sama dengan terjemahan bahasa Indonesia, namun tidak ada perbedaan. Dalam tipe idiomatic pair, ada 2 idiom bahasa Inggris yang sama dengan terjemahan bahasa Indonesia, namun tidak ada perbedaan. Pembelajar Indonesia harus mengenali persamaan dan perbedaan dari idiom bahasa Inggris dan terjemahan bahasa Indonesia yang ada di dalam novel, sehingga mereka tidak akan mengalami masalah belajar bahasa atau melakukan kesalahan penerjemahan ketika menerjemahkan idiom bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hal ini sangat penting, utamanya terkait dengan penerjemahan yang harus memperhatikan perbedaan yang ada antara idiom bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia. Kata kunci: analisis kontrastif, idiom bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, penerjemahan idiom, The Girl on the Train Paula Hawkins 

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONTRASTIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB

Taqdir ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Enok Rohayati
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The succesfull teaching not only depend on the teaching materials, but also on the teaching methods. Therefore, the Arabic teachers require teaching skills. Moreover, the Indonesian student assumes the existence of the difficulties anywhere in the Arabic learning. There is evidence that the Arabic teaching-learning process as a foreign language meets a serious problems. The most problems caused by defferencies between bahasa Indonesia as a native language and the Arabic as a target language. Robert Lado states that the differences between native and target language cause difficulties. In contrast, a similarities between two languages will be a fasilitsion in the Arabic learning. This contrastive study tries to analyse the differences between Arabic and bahasa Indonesia. The main concussion of this study shows that differences between two language require the Arabic teacher who knows the contrastive analysis, so that he can eliminate the Arabic learning Problems.

scholarly journals VERB FEATURE DIFFERENCES IN INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shinta Aziez
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Observation Method

AbstractThis study contrasted verb features that exist in Indonesian and English imperative sentences. The contrastive analysis is used to make the second language or foreign language learners understand more easily on the target language being learnt. In this case, the study tried to contrast Indonesian language as L1 and English as L2. The data that were used in this study were taken from two sources; Indonesian and English Grammar. The grammar was sorted specifically only on imperative sentences that were collected through attentive observation method and is continued by notetaking technique. Hence, some imperative sentences that were collected were then be analyzed by comparing language units with determining tools in form of comparative relationship between all determining elements that are relevant with all the determined language units. The result revealed that there were some similarities and differences in the verb features of Indonesian and English imperative sentences. Both Indonesian and English mostly use base verb to form imperative sentences, in some cases, they also use suffixes. Also, they attach marker words to form negative and to soften the imperative sentence. On the contrary, some contrasts were found in the existence of passive form, the use of suffixes, the distribution of some markers, the use of auxiliary verbs, and the existence of inversion form.Keywords: Contrastive Study, English, Imperative sentences, Indonesian, Verb Features

scholarly journals Why Words Are Hard for Adults With Developmental Language Impairments

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla K. McGregor ◽  
Ulla Licandro ◽  
Richard Arenas ◽  
Nichole Eden ◽  
Derek Stiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Purpose To determine whether word learning problems associated with developmental language impairment (LI) reflect deficits in encoding or subsequent remembering of forms and meanings. Method Sixty-nine 18- to 25-year-olds with LI or without (the normal development [ND] group) took tests to measure learning of 16 word forms and meanings immediately after training (encoding) and 12 hr, 24 hr, and 1 week later (remembering). Half of the participants trained in the morning, and half trained in the evening. Results At immediate posttest, participants with LI performed more poorly on form and meaning than those with ND. Poor performance was more likely among those with more severe LI. The LI–ND gap for word form recall widened over 1 week. In contrast, the LI and ND groups demonstrated no difference in remembering word meanings over the week. In both groups, participants who trained in the evening, and therefore slept shortly after training, demonstrated greater gains in meaning recall than those who trained in the morning. Conclusions Some adults with LI have encoding deficits that limit the addition of word forms and meanings to the lexicon. Similarities and differences in patterns of remembering in the LI and ND groups motivate the hypothesis that consolidation of declarative memory is a strength for adults with LI.

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