scholarly journals The Expression of Indefiniteness in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inam Ismael Taher
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Language System ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Language Universals ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Similarity And Difference

Indefiniteness is a semantic feature expressed by grammatical devices to be used linguistically depending on pragmatic factors. So, the present study deals with indefiniteness syntactically, semantically and pragmatically. These levels are related to each other and it is not easy to draw lines between them. The study aims at (1)Pointing out how the concept of indefiniteness is expressed grammatically in English and Arabic, and show the role of articles in expressing the concept.(2)Showing the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic uses of the indefinite expression in English and Arabic.(3)Identifying the similarity and difference between the two languages at the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels which may help to get a common core that contributes to the belief in the existence of language universals. The procedures followed in this study include an introduction about the concept of indefiniteness, and a brief survey of indefiniteness in thirty-one languages to show how this concept is expressed in them. Then, indefiniteness in English and Arabic is dealt with at the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels. This is followed by a contrastive analysis to point out the similarities and differences between the two languages.The study has come to the conclusion that, in English, the indefinite feature exists in the noun, not in the article, and the article has a syntactic function rather than a semantic one. The study shows also that, semantically, indefiniteness in English and Arabic is almost the same, and its function is internal to the language system. Syntactically and pragmatically, indefiniteness in Arabic is more powerful and active than it is in English. Syntactically, the indefinite item is obligatory in certain positions to perform different functions. Pragmatically, the indefinite item acquires additional meaning from the context in which it occurs.

The construction of attitudinal stance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pérez Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Working Procedure

This paper is a corpus-based contrastive study of the realization of negative attitudinal stance in English and Spanish discourse through the use of evaluative adjectives. The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the grammatical patterns in which negative evaluative adjectives occur in each language and discuss the observed cross-linguistic differences in terms of the effects that alternative linguistic realizations have in the construction of evaluative discourse. The working procedure follows a contrastive analysis methodology: description of empirical data, juxtaposition and contrast. The descriptive data have been extracted from a large comparable corpus of English and Spanish newspaper opinion discourse. The study has revealed interesting similarities and differences in the construction of Attitude in each language, which are inferred by contrasting its surface structural features.

scholarly journals Concord in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Zainab Kadim Igaab ◽  
Saja Mohammed Magrood Altai
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The present study is a descriptive, analytic and contrastive one because it describes concord in English and Arabic to arrive at the similarities and differences between the two languages. This study aims at describing, analyzing and comparing concord in English and Arabic because the phenomenon of concord has attracted a great deal of attention in the recent years. It also aims at comparing and contrasting concord between the two languages by defining it, showing its syntactic and semantic aspects and illustrating its different types and rules. This study concludes that concord as a syntactic phenomenon exists in both languages. English deals with such a topic clearly and separately in grammar while in Arabic, it is not by being explained in sentences. Arab grammarians pay attention to the role of concord in the sentence and deal with it in different grammatical topics. 

scholarly journals Approval and Disapproval Expressions in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Abeer Hadi Salih
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Linguistics

Any language in the world wide has different expressions and terms that convey approval or disapproval that language speakers may use in their daily life. English language for instance, is full of such expressions and can be found in any situation needs to. The present research studies approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic as a contrastive study. It tries to search for those terms or sentences that are used to express approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic. It aims to highlight the points of similarities and differences between those expressions that are used to state approval and disapproval in the two languages. Also the study includes a contrastive analysis to the expressions of approval and disapproval in English with their equivalents in Arabic in order to come up with the conclusions. It concluded that the approval and disapproval expressions in English language are similar to their counterparts in Arabic language but differ in two points. Firstly in Arabic language main verbs are used to convey approval and disapproval whereas in English are not. Secondly, in English language the exclamatory style is used to express approval in contrast, Arabic language is not. Researchers, teachers, translators and any who cares about English language and linguistics can get benefit from this study, precisely because it includes a comparison between two languages, English language and Arabic, with several types of expressions and terms that are being actually used to express approval and disapproval.

scholarly journals Interrogative Sentence: A Contrastive Study of Arabic and Indonesian

IZDIHAR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoirin Nikmah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
First Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Involving first language (L1) in second language learning (L2) is considered as an effective method to be practiced. This research focuses on a contrastive study between Arabic and Indonesian. It aims to investigate similarities and differences of the two languages, especially about their interrogative sentence forms. It is descriptive qualitative research which applies two methods; observation and introspection method. Then, Contrastive Analysis (CA) is used to analyze the data. The result shows that similarity concept between Arabic and Indonesian is many shown on matā, ayna, limādzā, and hal. Meanwhile, differences between both of them are shown on mā, man, ayy, and kayfa. As a result, it may occur errors in the use of question, errors in translating interrogative sentence, and errors in understanding question.

scholarly journals A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF THE IBIBIO AND IGBO SOUND SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
God'spower Etim
Keyword(s):  
Learning Problems ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research strives to contrast the consonant phonemes, vowel phonemes and tones ofIbibio and Igbo in order to describe their similarities and differences. The researcher adoptedthe descriptive method, and relevant data on the phonology of the two languages weregathered and analyzed within the framework of CA before making predictions andconclusions. Ibibio consists of ten vowels and fourteen consonant phonemes, while Igbo ismade up of eight vowels and twenty-eight consonants. The results of contrastive analysis ofthe two languages showed that there are similarities as well as differences in the soundsystems of the languages. There are some sounds in Ibibio which are not present in Igbo.Also many sounds are in Igbo which do not exist in Ibibio. Both languages share thephonemes /e, a, i, o, ɔ, u, p, b, t, d, k, kp, m, n, ɲ, j, ŋ, f, s, j, w/. All the phonemes in Ibibioare present in Igbo except /ɨ/, /ʉ/, and /ʌ/. Igbo has two vowel segments /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ and alsofourteen consonant phonemes /g, gb, kw, gw, ŋw, v, z, ʃ, h, ɣ, ʧ, ʤ, l, r/ which Ibibio lacks.Both languages have high, low and downstepped tones but Ibibio further has contour orgliding tones which are not tone types in Igbo. Also, the downstepped tone in Ibibio isconventionally marked with exclamation point, while in Igbo, it is conventionally markedwith a raised macron over the segments bearing it. With the assumptions of ContrastiveAnalysis Hypothesis (CAH), these differences may constitute learning problems to thelearners of either language, while similarities may facilitate learning. The paper predictsproblems and proffer solutions to helps teachers as well as learners tackle these difficulties.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis of Negation Between Arabic and English with Reference to Quranic Translation

لارك ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 548-535
Author(s):  
Asim Alhilali
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Negative Particle ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Modal Auxiliaries ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
Semantic Scope

Abstract       This study is a contrastive analysis between Arabic and English in terms of the semantic scope of negation . It is aimed at showing the degrees of similarity and difference between English and Arabic regarding the meanings involved in negative ambiguous sentences and figuring out their behaviour syntactically and semantically. The behaviour of modals is non-expectable under negation , the study is , therefore; focused on investigating the scope of negation of modals . The researcher also investigates negation that exists in such syntactic aspects as adverbials, quantifiers , subordinate clauses, prepositional phrases and others as well as touching upon intonation in order to highlight the importance of reducing the degree of ambiguity involved in specific negated sentences .       Hence the study is dealing with the phenomenon as a grammatical not a phonological one. The contrastive analysis adopted in this research aims at exploring how far the two selected categories being contrasted (the scope of English and Arabic negation) are similar or different and what their points of similarity and difference are. The findings show that there are considerable number of similarities and differences in the scope of negation in English and Arabic. The findings reached show that the scope of negation in English and Arabic involves a noticeable number of similarities and differences. The results show that the two languages are different in terms of the scope of negation in modal auxiliaries for it is more obvious and can be more easily perceived in Arabic than in English. In Arabic the negative particle negates the part of the sentence that follows it while in English, it is characterized by absence of any formal way to identify whether it is the main verb or the modal auxiliary that is negated. The role played by intonation in determining the scope of negation in English and Arabic sentences is also shown by the results .

scholarly journals VERB FEATURE DIFFERENCES IN INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shinta Aziez
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Observation Method

AbstractThis study contrasted verb features that exist in Indonesian and English imperative sentences. The contrastive analysis is used to make the second language or foreign language learners understand more easily on the target language being learnt. In this case, the study tried to contrast Indonesian language as L1 and English as L2. The data that were used in this study were taken from two sources; Indonesian and English Grammar. The grammar was sorted specifically only on imperative sentences that were collected through attentive observation method and is continued by notetaking technique. Hence, some imperative sentences that were collected were then be analyzed by comparing language units with determining tools in form of comparative relationship between all determining elements that are relevant with all the determined language units. The result revealed that there were some similarities and differences in the verb features of Indonesian and English imperative sentences. Both Indonesian and English mostly use base verb to form imperative sentences, in some cases, they also use suffixes. Also, they attach marker words to form negative and to soften the imperative sentence. On the contrary, some contrasts were found in the existence of passive form, the use of suffixes, the distribution of some markers, the use of auxiliary verbs, and the existence of inversion form.Keywords: Contrastive Study, English, Imperative sentences, Indonesian, Verb Features

The role of Constitutional Courts in Transitional Justice: Colombia and South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiehezka Paola Palencia Tejedor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation

This work focuses on a compared analysis of the South Afri- can decision related to the “peace and reconciliation act” of this country’s Parliament, and the Colombian decision regarding the amendment of the constitution called “The juridical framework for the peace.” Turning to the structure, it is developed in three major topics: 1. It provides a brief of the historical context, political background and an overview of the two decisions.2. It gives a structural analysis of the powers that each Court has and the nature of the constitutional mechanism through which both Courts decided the constitutionality of the said norms 3. It presents a critical analysis on the similarities and differences between the two systems and judgments. It presents some con- clusions. 

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