Contrasting pronominal subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-251
Author(s):  
Agnes Pisanski Peterlin ◽  
Tamara Mikolič Južnič
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Potential Challenge

Abstract Pronominal subject use constitutes a potential challenge in translation because of cross-linguistic differences: while the subject must be expressed in non-null subject languages, this is not necessary in null subject languages. The aim of the paper is twofold: first, to show that the type of source language influences the frequency of personal pronouns in translation, and second, to establish whether translations into a null subject language differ from comparable target language originals in terms of pronominal subject use. The study is based on the analysis of a 625,000-word corpus comprising original and translated popular science texts in Slovene and the corresponding source texts in English and Italian. The results confirm that pronominal subjects are more frequent in translations from English, a non-null subject language; furthermore, they are more frequent in translations than in comparable originals. Untypical cohesive patterns are identified in translations and possible reasons for their presence are explored.

scholarly journals A coesão referencial em textos traduzidos do inglês para o português: a questão dos sujeitos nulos

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Anabela Gonçalves ◽  
Madalena Colaço
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Anaphoric Pronouns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Text Cohesion ◽  
Linguistic Means

Understanding and writing a text arise from several factors. Among them, coreference relations, which allow for the identification of the referents of linguistic expressions, are of particular importance, since they ensure referential cohesion and, thus, contribute to text cohesion.  One context in which recognizing referential relations is crucial involves reference chains with anaphoric pronouns. Although all languages exhibit coreference relations, the linguistic means to establish them may vary. Thus, in the context of translation, maintaining reference chains often implies the use of adaptation strategies: when working with non-null subject source languages, such as English, and null subject target languages, such as Portuguese, translators should recognize the contexts in which, in the latter, they may or must omit the subject, without affecting interpretation nor creating vagueness, conflict of interpretations or referential ambiguity. In this work, some data about reference chains in the context of English to Portuguese translation is discussed. We identify the main mismatches in translations done by university students and present clues to help train students in translation, promoting their mastering of the grammatical and textual conditions that determine the omission vs. the realization of the subject. The results show that the main problems result either from calque of the source language properties or from the overgeneralization of null subject contexts in the target language.

scholarly journals FOREIGN WORDS: ON THE ISSUES OF FUNCTIONING AND TRANSLATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Olga Grynko
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Foreign Word ◽  
Stylistic Device ◽  
Individual Style

When used in the texts, foreign words often function as a stylistic device and become a relevant feature of the author’s individual style. The article looks at the issues of functioning and translation of foreign words with the focus on those not being “adapted”, that is preserving its original “foreign” form (unlike those being transcribed without morphological and syntactical changes). The work systematizes the ways these elements are introduced into the original text. It shows they can either be introduced with no explanation, relying on the reader’s general expertise and creating certain environment, flavour etc. or be accompanied by any kind of their meaning’s explanation). The article also offers the insights into the key functions of the foreign words in popular-science texts (specifically, they make the text sound more authentic and documentary, and also display author’s intelligence and competence). Further, the research finalizes the classification of the ways to translate/render the foreign words in the translated text in the view of the genre peculiarities of popular-science texts. Among other ways, such as preserving a foreign word with a translation of the author’s comment, transcription/transliteration, translator’s comments, actual translation into the target language, etc., such texts allow for science editor’s comments in translation.

Term (objective correlative) A second reading

2021 ◽  
pp. arabic cover-english cover
Author(s):  
فتحي أبو مراد ◽  
ناصر حسن يعقوب
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Term Objective

حاولت الدراسة، استكناه حقيقة مصطلح (objective correlative) المعادل الموضوعي، ورصد ترجماته المختلفة إلى اللغة العربية، حسب تسلسلها الزمني، وتتبع الاختلافات والائتلافات في هذه الترجمات، وتعليل أسباب هذا وذلك، وبيان إشكالات الترجمة في فهم معنى المصطلح ودلالاته. ومن ثم شرعت الدراسة في كشف طبيعة هذا المصطلح، ومفهومه ومكوناته الأساسية، وجوهره القائم على إيجاد معادلات موضوعية حسية لمكنونات عالم الشاعر الداخلي المجرد، ومحاولة تجسيد هذا العالم المجرد عبر صور وأشكال فنية حسية قابلة للمعاينة، وفي الآن نفسه قادرة على إثارة حالة شعورية في المتلقي تشبه إلى حدٍ كبيرٍ تلك الحالة التي يعانيها الشاعر نفسه. وقد اتكأت الدراسة على معطيات المنهج التكاملي، واستعانت بكثير من وسائله، وآلياته في الوصف والتحليل في مقاربتها لموضوع الدراسة، استجابةً لطبيعة الموضوع نفسه الذي تمتدّ أوصاله وشرايينه في سراديب مسائل عدة؛ فمنها ما يتصل بلغة (المصدر) اللغة الأجنبية، وإشكالات الترجمة. ومنها ما يتصل بلغة (الهدف) اللغة العربية، وقضايا الترادف والمشترك اللفظي، وقضية الاختيار. ومنها ما يتصل في الجانب التطبيقي لبعض النصوص الذي تضمنتها الدراسة، وما يستدعيه النص الشعري من نظرة تكاملية شمولية. وخلصت الدراسة إلى نتائج عدّة منها: أن مفهوم هذا المصطلح يتبأّر حول إيجاد معادلات حسية خارجية لحالات الشعور الداخلية للشاعر، وأن الممارسات العملية المختلفة لمعطيات المعادل الموضوعي، تتمحور حول استقطاب أدوات فنية وأسلوبية قادرة على التعبير والتشكيل والتصوير في آنٍ واحدٍ، وما إلى ذلك من استعمالات اللغة، استعمالًا خاصًا قادرًا على تجسيد المجرد الداخلي للشاعر، عبر صور حسّية تبوح بعواطف الشاعر وأفكاره، وترسم لها صورةً مشابهةً في وعي القارئ. This study tries to find out what is meant by the expression "objective correlative" and to follow its different translations into Arabic according to its chronology. It also tries to show similarities and differences in those translations by giving reasons for each of them، and the obstacles that face readers to understand the meaning and semantics of the expression. Then، the study proceeds to discover the nature، the conception، and the main components of this expression، and its main aim to find out objective and sensitive correlative for the hidden feelings of the poet’s world through art and sensory images and forms that are reviewable and which are able to stimulate an emotional state for the receiver which is similar to that of the poet himself. The study depends on the data taken from the integrated approach and borrows many of its means and procedures to describe and analyze the data in this study in response to the nature of the subject whose components stretch to contain matters. Some relate to the source language (English) and obstacles in translation، others relate to the target language (Arabic) and the issues of tandem، verb al joint،echoic and its effect on translating the expression. Some relate to the practical aspects of some texts which were included in the study and the integrated and comprehensive view needed for poetry. This study comes to some conclusions، such as: The expression "objective correlative" focuses on the external sensitive correlative of the inner feeling of the poet. The different practical experiences are polarizing on constructive and stylistic forms that are able to express forms، and give images at the same time. The uses of language for certain propose are able to represent the inner abstract feeling of the poet through sensitive images that reveal the poet’s feelings and thoughts and to draw a similar image in the reader's awareness.

scholarly journals Quasi-ekwiwalenty związków frazeologicznych w teorii, frazeografii i translatoryce

2009 ◽  
pp. 323-346
Author(s):  
Joanna Szerszunowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
The Cross

Confrontative analyses show that some phraseological units have full equivalents, i.e. the units are similar in terms of form, semantics and stylistics, also called total equivalents. In fact, if a multi-aspectual confrontative analysis is conducted, it is it is hardly possible to find two units in the source language and the target language which are identical in all respects. They are bound to differ, for instance in frequency or gender restrictions. The paper presents the typology of quasi-equivalents, i.e. equivalents of phraseological units tra- ditionally called full or total equivalents, between which subtle differences are determined in a multi-aspectual analysis covering a number of criteria. As to the cross-linguistic differences, they manifest themselves in semantics, stylistics, variations, connotations and collocability of the phraseological units at issue. Another problem discussed is the phraseographic description of such units in bilingual dictionaries. Translation of units at issue is also discussed briefly in the paper to present potential problems and provide practical solutions. The choice of an appropriate cross-linguistic equivalent belonging to the group discussed depends on how subtle differences are actualized in a given context

scholarly journals Individual with Visual Impairment and Translation: A Case Study of Visually Impaired Translator in Translating News Text of TVKU

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Widya Suryaningtyas ◽  
Setyo Prasiyanto Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Study ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method

<em>This article is of specialized translation study. It discusses a translation activity conducted by a visually impaired translator. The study focuses on the translation techniques, methods, and ideology which are carried out by the translator. Using qualitative descriptive method, the authors are able to identify that the translator uses five translation techniques. Four (addition, reduction, adaptation, and generalization) are target-language-oriented techniques and one technique is source-language-oriented one (borrowing). In translating TVKU news text, the subject of the study applies four translation steps. To conclude, the translator’s cognitive concept affects his decision to translate the text.</em>

scholarly journals THE VERBAL POLITENESS OF INTERPERSONAL UTTERANCES RESULTED FROM BACK-TRANSLATING INDONESIAN TEXTS INTO ENGLISH

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Yan Mujiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Subject

Verbal politeness can be considered from the perspectives of linguistic features, participants’ socio-cultural background and their membership within a speech community. It can also be viewed from the ways to which it applies in interpersonal utterances, be they source or target ones. It may also be taken into account from its users’ perception as well their maintenance in real communication. This paper aimed to explore (1) the degree of the verbal politeness contained in English interpersonal utterances, (2) the correlation of politeness degrees between the English utterances as the source texts and their back-translations, (3) the speakers’ perception of the politeness degrees contained in the two sets of utterances, and (4) the ways of maintaining them. The object of this study was verbal (im)-politeness contained in English interpersonal utterances which were back-rendered from translated texts in Indonesian. In order to elicit the type of utterances from the subject of this study, the Indonesian utterances were exposed to them to be translated back to English. Comparing the source texts with results of their back-rendering, this study was capable of fulfilling the outlined objectives. The results of this study show that (1) the politeness degrees of interpersonal utterances in the source language were generally equivalent to their counterparts in the target language; (2) there was a positive correlation between the English utterances and their back-translations; (3) the politeness degrees of the utterances in both the source texts and their back-translations were perceived to be relatively polite; (4) the politeness degrees of interpersonal utterances in the target language have been maintained by using grammatical features and rhetoric which were more formal than those available in the source texts.

scholarly journals Strategi dan Kesalahan Mahasiswa Prodi BSA dalam Menterjemahkan Naskah Berbahasa Indonesia ke Bahasa Arab

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Dolla Sobari
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Qualitative Technique ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Analyze Data

Translating is a language skill in transfering meanings or messages from              a source language (SL) to a target language (TL) by considering  lingustic aspects and the culture of its speakers. In translation activity, the transfered messages should not be different from those of the source language, thus the speakers of the target language are able to understand the meanings or massages received. The importance of translating Indonesian text into Arabic language involves providing information about Indonesian cultures such a way that people will be well informed of Indonesia in general. The subject of this study is the students majoring in Arabic language and literature, particularry those who are taking translation course. The problem of the study is concerned with translation applied by the students in translating Indonesian writtten texts  Arabic language. The second problem of the study dealt with finding errors made by the students in translating the texts. The kind of this study is a field research. Speaking & listening methods were used to collect data. Meanwhile, descriptive qualitative technique was used to analyze data. The results of the study indicate that the translation strategies applied by the students in this research consist of transposition (8) form addiction (7), arabic formation (6), borrowing meanings (5), word reduction (4), deletion (2), narrowing (2) and using synonim (1). Then, the  unused strategies in translating Ibnu Rusdy’ t texts concist of modulation, expansion, equvalence and transfer. in the meantime, the errors made by the students in translating the texts are in terms of semantic error, (6 times), phonological error          (4 ), morphological error (8) and syntactical error (5). Key words : Strategies, error, translating.

scholarly journals Passive Voice and the Language of Translation: A Comparable Corpus-Based Study of Modern Greek Popular Science Articles

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Malamatidou
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Language Corpus

Little research has been conducted so far into the translation-specific features that are dependent on both the source and the target language. This study aims at examining whether Modern Greek translated popular science articles differ from non-translated ones by being closer to the source language, which is English, in terms of the frequency and the word order of the passive voice constructions. This is one of the few Modern Greek studies that use a comparable corpus in order to better understand the nature of the translation practice. The corpus analysed consists of Modern Greek popular science articles and is divided into two subcorpora: the translated language corpus and the non-translated language corpus. The study indicates that there is substantial evidence that Modern Greek articles employ some translation-specific features which are dependent on the source language, at least in terms of some passive voice features. More importantly, it suggests that the non-translated texts tend to be similar to the translated ones, which are in turn closer to the English source texts. Even though it is early to conclude that translation encourages the different usage of particular linguistic features in non-translated texts, the data provide indirect evidence that translation is a potential field of language contact with important consequences.

scholarly journals Translation Errors Made by Indonesian-English Translators in Crowdsourcing Translation Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Zainar M Salam ◽  
Mansur Akil ◽  
Andi Qashas Rahman
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Error ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Translation Errors ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The research aims to describe the kinds of translation errors made by Indonesian-English translators in crowdsourcing translation application and the dominant kind of translation errors made by Indonesian-English translators in crowdsourcing translation application. The problem statements of the research are (1) What kinds of translation errors made by Indonesian-English translators in crowdsourcing translation application? (2) What is dominant kind of translation error made by Indonesian-English translators in crowdsourcing translation application?. The method used on the research was descriptive qualitative. The subject of the research was the Indonesian-English translators of crowdsourcing translation application. The researcher took 50 Indonesian-English translation requests (source language texts) and all of its’ translations in English (target language texts) from the crowdsourcing translation application to find out the translation errors. Then the researcher classified them into 5 kinds of translation errors. The results of the research revealed that there were 50 source language texts that  translated into 353 target language texts with 350 variations of translation in total.  There were 75 translation errors in total or 21.25% from all if the 353 target language texts. There were 3 (0,85%) translation errors in inversion of meaning, 11 (3.12%) translation errors  in omission of meaning, 8 (2.27%) translation errors in addition of meaning, 44 (12.46%) translation errors in deviation of meaning, and 9 (2.55%) in modification of meaning. Dominant kind of the translation error that the Indonesian-English translators made was in deviation of meanings, it was more than half (58,67%) of the total translation errors.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN BENTUK KALIMAT PASIF BAHASA INGGRIS KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA PADA NOVEL MORNING, NOON AND NIGHT KARYA SIDNEY SHELDON

TELAGA BAHASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rizqi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Active Voice ◽  
Source Language ◽  
English Novel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This paper focused on English passive voice translation into Indonesian. An active voice is a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb, and a passive voice is the subject is acted upon by the verb. The active voice that can be switched into a passive voice is an active voice that has an object. Thus, the sentence is a transitive form. The method used is a qualitative method by using a technique of text content analysis and the text are English novel and its translation in Indonesian novel. This research is an analysis description on the novel that included passive voice translation and structural shift. This paper explained the results of the study of the passive sentences of the source language (English) translated into Indonesian. The results of the study show that not all of the passive sentences of the source language can be translated in the form of passive sentences in target language. Instead, the passive sentences can be translated in the form of active sentences because of the meaning contained.

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