‘Die’ and its different situation-bound utterances in Persian

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-431
Author(s):  
Mostafa Morady Moghaddam ◽  
Soodeh Babaee
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Prior Context ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Nonstandard Situation

Abstract In this paper, using the tenets of Situation-Bound Utterances (SBUs) (Kecskes 2000, 2010) and referring to Pragmatic Act Theory (PAT) (Mey 2001), the verb mordan (‘to die’ in English), and its different realisations are analysed among Persian speakers. Through the analysis of authentic talk in interaction, this study aims to ponder nonstandard (situation-derived) meanings of the term mordan and its different SBUs. The primary focus of the study is on strings of linguistic events as well as the “conventions of usage” (Morgan 1978) or cultural understanding that may lead to standard and nonstandard meanings considering mordan and its different SBUs. The findings suggest that the SBUs regarding mordan, a neglected sociolinguistic context, not only is affected by its actual situational characteristics but also by prior context encoded in utterances used, which manifests culture-specific ways of thinking (Capone 2018; Wong 2010). Overall, 19 SBUs and 7 generic categories were identified with regard to the verb mordan in Persian. This paper exhibits that mordan is a versatile verb, which, when combined with situational/contextual factors, conveys different nonstandard functions that fulfil social needs. This study will also refer to linguistic features underlying SBUs that are influential in assigning various distinct meanings to the verb mordan in Persian.

scholarly journals Register and Register Variation

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Register Studies ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Linguistic Approach

Register research has been approached from differing theoretical and methodological approaches, resulting in different definitions of the term register. In the text-linguistic approach, which is the primary focus of this bibliography, register refers to text varieties that are defined by their situational characteristics, such as the purpose of writing and the mode of communication, among others. Texts that are similar in their situational characteristics also tend to share similar linguistic profiles, as situational characteristics motivate or require the use of specific linguistic features. Text-linguistic research on register tends to focus on two aspects: attempts to describe a register, or attempts to understand patterns of register variation. This research happens via comparative analyses, specific examinations of single linguistic features or situational parameters, and often via examinations of co-occurrence of linguistic features that are analyzed from a functional perspective. That is, certain lexico-grammatical features co-occur in a given text because they together serve important communicative functions that are motivated by the situational characteristics of the text (e.g., communicative purpose, mode, setting, interactivity). Furthermore, corpus methods are often relied upon in register studies, which allows for large-scale examinations of both general and specialized registers. Thus, the bibliography gives priority to research that uses corpus tools and methods. Finally, while the broadest examinations on register focus on the distinction between written and spoken domains, additional divisions of register studies fall under the categories of written registers, spoken registers, academic registers, historical registers, and electronic/online registers. This bibliography primarily introduces some of the key resources on English registers, a decision that was made to reach a broader audience.

scholarly journals Modal Forms with Semantics of Desire in the Altai Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Alena R. Tazranova
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Finite Form ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Semantic Compatibility

In the following article, we analyze the forms of the optative in the Altai language. The modal meaning of volition in the Altai language is expressed by various means: lexical, grammatical, analytical means, and idiomatic constructions. In the article, we offer a brief overview of the means of expression of volition. The primary focus of our study is the desiderative form with =(Ы)ксА=, along with 5 synthetic forms of optative mood: =ГАй, =СА, =(А)йын, =СЫн, =БАзЫн. We show that in the modern Altai language, the finite form with =(Ы)ксА= is widely used in spoken language, with limited compatibility. The form with =(Ы)ксА= is used with the lexical-semantic group of verbs denoting physiological, psychological, or social needs of the subject, for example: јаныкса ʻto want to go homeʼ from the verb јан= ʻto go homeʼ, кӧрӱксе= ʻto want to seeʼ from the verb кӧр= ʻto look’, etc. This form denotes the subject’s strong desire to do something related to their inner feelings and emotions experienced currently and at the moment of speech, or in the past, a desire aimed towards the future which the subject is confident about. Because this form’s semantic compatibility is limited, and the modal meaning of volition expressed by this form is defined as ‘non-locutive’ modality, we believe that it should not, at this stage of the language’s development, be viewed as optative mood, but rather as a non-productive word-forming affix.

scholarly journals Theoretical Constructs and Practical Strategies for Intercultural Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Tung Ngoc Vu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
English Language Education ◽  
Intercultural Communication Competence ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Delving into English language education in Vietnam, this theory-oriented article aims to generate a new debate on critical cultural awareness (CCA) in light of increasing literature on intercultural communication competence (ICC), thus offering practical implementations to academic agents. Once ICC is strongly considered indispensable within communication, CCA can strengthen the power of sociocultural and psychological relationships. This study specifies the role of intercultural communication, aiming to develop Vietnamese learners to reach beyond abstract linguistic features towards language awareness by engaging in cultural and societal plurality. Seemingly, they need use language that advocate the enactment of change, fostering their abilities in their civic life. Coupled with that, they are obliged for learning the power of positive attitudes in terms of intercultural engagement, such as sympathy towards and acceptance of differences. Critical cultural awareness as a contribution to intercultural communication drives two primary aspects, namely social and psychological dimensions. In addition to dragging learners out of traditionally perceived skills related to native-like competences, the framework application expands potential goals and instructional steps that cover learning based on learner voice reflected upon privilege and power. Apparently, it is relevant in response to learning environment driven by social mechanisms which focus on citizenship, expecting that they learn and possess knowledge for certain purposes relating to career goals and social needs. Comprehensively, this study will outline the short examination of language education in Vietnam as a way to understand existing hindrances to be resolved. It anchored this analysis in a theoretical paradigm: critical cultural awareness, which is then critically embedded to involve social and psychological pedagogies. This enables to shift learners’ desire and willingness that hone their learning skills which influences academic success and communicative adaptability. Pedagogical implications are also suggested.

scholarly journals Contextual Factors, Knowledge Processes and Performance in Global Sourcing of IT Services

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Du ◽  
Shizhong Ai ◽  
Pamela Abbott ◽  
Yingqin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Global Sourcing ◽  
It Services ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Trust Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Processes ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
And Performance

In this paper, the authors explore the influences of two major contextual factors—supplier team members’ cultural understanding and trust relationship—on knowledge processes and performance in global sourcing of IT services. The authors discuss a joint investigation conducted by a cross-cultural research team in China. Cultural understanding is measured by individualism with guanxi and mianzi, two Chinese cultural concepts, and trust relationship is measured by adjusting trust, a notion reflecting the uniqueness of the Chinese people. Knowledge processes are characterized by knowledge sharing. Performance is measured by the outcomes of global sourcing, which is represented by product success and personal satisfaction. Data are collected in 13 companies in Xi’an Software Park, with 200 structured questionnaires distributed to knowledge workers. The results of quantitative data analysis indicate that cultural understanding influences trust relationship greatly, as well as knowledge sharing and performance in global sourcing of IT services. Trust relationship significantly impacts knowledge sharing, whereas trust relationship and knowledge sharing have no impact on performance. This study suggests that special aspects of the Chinese context have significant direct impacts on knowledge processes while no direct and immediate impacts on performance in global sourcing of IT services.

The Dynamics of Political Economy in Ireland: The Case of Asylum Seekers and the Right to Work

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Loyal ◽  
Ciarán Staunton
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Right

This paper is partly the outcome of research that was conducted on behalf of the Irish Refugee Council between January and July 2000.' The research was prompted by the Irish Government's decision to allow the right to work to asylum seekers who had made their applications for asylum in Ireland 12 months prior to 27 July 1999. It incorporated both qualitative and quantitative techniques and included a sample of 37 asylum seekers who had received the right to work. Due to in-built research requirements, the research report focused entirely upon concrete social policy recommendations towards creating a viable, democratic, rights-based and equality focused environment within which to address the employment and social needs of Asylum Seekers. Sociopolitical analysis was therefore not the primary focus of the research. However, a re-evaluation of the findings allowed such sociopolitical themes to be subsequently explored in this article.

Between a Rock and a Hard Place

Loving Stones ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 45-74
Author(s):  
David L. Haberman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
American Society ◽  
Hard Place

This chapter considers ways of thinking about the challenges of radical cultural difference posed by something like intimate interaction with a stone, and explores the nature of and possibilities within anthropological cross-cultural understanding and interpretation designed to address them. The author claims that, as one who works to interpret, translate, and explain aspects of Hindu religious culture primarily for an American readership, he stands between a rock—Mount Govardhan—and a hard place—American society. For most Americans the worship of stones is hard to understand. This practice is alien, weird, absurd, unreasonable, or silly and childish, perhaps even sinful. Comprehending it in any acceptable manner seems extremely difficult, maybe impossible.

Contextual Factors, Knowledge Processes and Performance in Global Sourcing of IT Services

2012 ◽  
pp. 82-109
Author(s):  
Rong Du ◽  
Shizhong Ai ◽  
Pamela Abbott ◽  
Yingqin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Global Sourcing ◽  
It Services ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Trust Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Processes ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
And Performance

In this paper, the authors explore the influences of two major contextual factors—supplier team members’ cultural understanding and trust relationship—on knowledge processes and performance in global sourcing of IT services. The authors discuss a joint investigation conducted by a cross-cultural research team in China. Cultural understanding is measured by individualism with guanxi and mianzi, two Chinese cultural concepts, and trust relationship is measured by adjusting trust, a notion reflecting the uniqueness of the Chinese people. Knowledge processes are characterized by knowledge sharing. Performance is measured by the outcomes of global sourcing, which is represented by product success and personal satisfaction. Data are collected in 13 companies in Xi’an Software Park, with 200 structured questionnaires distributed to knowledge workers. The results of quantitative data analysis indicate that cultural understanding influences trust relationship greatly, as well as knowledge sharing and performance in global sourcing of IT services. Trust relationship significantly impacts knowledge sharing, whereas trust relationship and knowledge sharing have no impact on performance. This study suggests that special aspects of the Chinese context have significant direct impacts on knowledge processes while no direct and immediate impacts on performance in global sourcing of IT services.

Deprescribing psychotropic medications in children: results of a national qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 655-663
Author(s):  
Erin R Barnett ◽  
Alissa Z Trepman ◽  
Hannah A Fuson ◽  
Stephanie C Acquilano ◽  
Jennifer L McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Vulnerable Families ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Paediatric Outpatient ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Axial Coding ◽  
Audio Files

Background and ObjectivePrescriptions for psychotropic medications to children have risen dramatically in recent years despite few regulatory approvals and growing concerns about side effects. Government policy and numerous programmes are attempting to curb this problem. However, the perspectives of practising clinicians have not been explored. To characterise the perspectives and experiences of paediatric primary care clinicians and mental health specialists regarding overprescribing and deprescribing psychotropic medications in children.MethodsWe conducted 24 semistructured interviews with clinicians representing diverse geographic regions and practice settings in the USA. Interview questions focused on clinician perspectives surrounding overprescribing and experiences with deprescribing. We transcribed audio files verbatim and verified them for accuracy. We analysed transcripts using a grounded theory approach, identifying emergent themes and developing a conceptual model using axial coding.ResultsAnalysis yielded themes within four domains: social and clinical contextual factors contributing to overprescribing, opportunities for deprescribing, and facilitators and barriers to deprescribing in paediatric outpatient settings. Most participants recognised the problem of overprescribing, and they described complex clinical and social contextual factors, as well as internal and external pressures, that contribute to overprescribing. Opportunities for deprescribing included identification of high-risk medications, routine reassessment of medication needs and recognition of the broader social needs of vulnerable children. Facilitators and barriers to deprescribing were both internal (eg, providing psychoeducation to families) and external (eg, parent and child preferences) to clinicians.ConclusionOur findings highlight a discrepancy between clinicians’ concerns about overprescribing and a lack of resources to support deprescribing in outpatient paediatric settings. To successfully initiate deprescribing, clinicians will need practical tools and organisational supports, as well as social resources for vulnerable families.

Regularity and variation in Japanese recipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-71
Author(s):  
Michiko Kaneyasu ◽  
Minako Kuhara
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
Central Purpose

Abstract This paper investigates the similarities and differences between three sub-registers of Japanese recipe texts: cookbook recipes, online commercial recipes written/edited by professionals, and online user-generated recipes. Past studies on Japanese recipes do not distinguish different sub-registers, and they tend to focus on a single feature. The present study of the sub-registers examines a group of frequently appearing linguistic features and uncovers functional links between observed features and situational characteristics. The comparative perspective contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of Japanese recipe language as well as universal and language-specific aspects of register variation. Shared traits among the three sub-registers are tied to the common topic of cooking and the central purpose of providing easy-to-follow food preparation instructions. Varied linguistic and textual features are motivated by different production circumstances, mediums, and relations among the participants. Professionally edited cookbook and online commercial recipes show a much higher uniformity in their grammatical features than unedited/self-edited user-generated recipes. Online sub-registers share a role of serving as a repository and reference center for numerous recipes and related information. Relationships among writers, readers, and other participants such as publishers and site organizers differ among all three sub-registers, resulting in some unique linguistic patterns.

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