Overruling rules?

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Yovel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Normative Discourse

This paper discusses issues relating to the normativity of prescriptive rules: what does it mean for a rule to be able to direct action, and what are the implications for the desirability of rule-based decision-making? It is argued that: (a) cognitively, one must allow for more than a single answer to the first question (the two interpretations of rules discussed here are based alternately on the concepts of exclusion and presumption); and (b) normatively, these different structures typically serve for different purposes in allocation of power and discretion. The next issue is the connection between rule-based decision-making and semantic theories of language. On a meta-discursive level, the paper makes a twofold claim: that normative discourse is possible only on the basis of a sound cognitive inquiry, while cognitive inquiry alone is not sufficient to explain social action and interaction, lacking tools to deal with the contingent normative demands from decision-making systems, such as adjudication. The discussion of prescriptive rules serves as a case-study for this claim. These and related topics have been dealt with by Frederick Schauer(1991a, 1991b). His model of rules as entrenched generalizations and mediators between "justifications " and action is the starting point of the present discussion, which, on most of the issues mentioned above, results in conclusions quite different from Schauer's.

scholarly journals ELEMENTS OF SOURCING STRATEGIES IN FM SERVICES - A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Ventovuori
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Sourcing Strategies ◽  
Sourcing Strategy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Multiple Case

The aim of this paper is to identify the different elements of the sourcing strategy decision‐making process and to clarify what are the factors that lead to the selection of a certain sourcing strategy in FM services. The study is based on a literature review and a multiple case study, which was conducted with four organizations representing different types of FM service clients. To find the optimal sourcing strategy and understand the consequences of different sourcing options, five decision categories must be analysed: sourcing interface, organizational decision‐making, the scope of service package, the geographical area of sourcing and relationship type. There are also some other elements that must be taken into account in the process of sourcing strategy development such as different elements of business in general and the prevailing market conditions. It is strongly suggested that companies could apply the presented integrated approach as a starting point for the development of sourcing strategies in FM services. In addition, this study shows that companies should view the development of sourcing strategies as an important phase of the procurement cycle.

scholarly journals Co-innovation toolbox for demand-supply chain synchronisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erno Salmela ◽  
Janne Huiskonen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Uncertain Environment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Supply Information

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to promote decision-making structures between the customer and the supplier in a highly uncertain environment. This phenomenon of demand-supply chain synchronisation includes sharing of high-quality and timely demand and supply information in order to improve the quality and speed of decision-making. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out as an abductive case study, which started from empirical observations that did not match the prior theoretical framework. Through abductive reasoning and empirical experiments, the prior framework was extended to a new synchronisation model and tools that better accommodate the observed need. Findings A new co-innovation toolbox was developed to create common understanding of demand-supply chain synchronisation between the customer and the supplier. The toolbox includes Demand Visibility Point-Demand Penetration Point, Supply Visibility Point–Supply Penetration Point and Integrative Synchronisation tools. Research limitations/implications The study extends the current models and tools of demand-supply chain synchronisation. With the new toolbox, the development needs of decision-making structures can be identified more comprehensively than with the current tools. Practical implications The developed visual toolbox helps partners create a common understanding of problems and development possibilities in demand-supply chain synchronisation in a highly uncertain environment. Common understanding is a starting point for changing decision-making structures to improve the overall performance of a demand-supply chain. Originality/value The new toolbox is both more comprehensive and more detailed than the previous tools.

scholarly journals Planning Qualitative Research: Design and Decision Making for New Researchers

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692096717
Author(s):  
Lesley Eleanor Tomaszewski ◽  
Jill Zarestky ◽  
Elsa Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Research Questions

For students and novice researchers, the choice of qualitative approach and subsequent alignment among problems, research questions, data collection, and data analysis can be particularly tricky. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a concise explanation of four common qualitative approaches, case study, ethnography, narrative, and phenomenology, demonstrating how each approach is linked to specific types of data collection and analysis. We first introduce a summary and key qualities of each approach. Then, using two common research contexts, we apply each approach to design a study, enabling comparisons among approaches and demonstrating the internal consistency within each approach. Given the nuance and complexity of qualitative research, this paper provides an accessible starting point from which novice researchers can begin their journey of learning about, designing, and conducting qualitative research.

scholarly journals A Rule-Based System for Human Performance Evaluation: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2904
Author(s):  
Iva Mikulić ◽  
Dragutin Lisjak ◽  
Nedeljko Štefanić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Expert System ◽  
System Application ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Technical Inspection

The issues of many organizations are related to the proper evaluation of human performance and efficient decision-making. The expert system application within the decision-making process is not a novelty, but the widespread of its implementation regarding performance evaluation has not been recognized yet. To overcome this problem, a case study of rule-based expert system application in the decision-making process regarding human performance in periodical technical inspection stations in Croatia is presented. The rule-based expert system improves the quality of traditional decision-making as designed rules provide a visual, transparent, and accurate comparison of observed values with the expected values. Moreover, it provides easy problem identification. Therefore, rules regarding periodical technical inspection inspectors’ performance are designed and embedded in the expert system architecture. However, more effort should be made into data analysis to define parameters and their relations for the purpose of designing rules. Thus, the binary logistic regression and an ANOVA statistical test were conducted to identify which parameters can be assumed as relevant indicators regarding the performance of periodical technical inspection inspectors. In this study, the expert system application has resulted in faster response, greater efficiency, and increased objectivity. That is of utmost importance for providing an efficient and transparent periodical technical inspection system.

scholarly journals Borges on Bifurcation: Remix at the Interstices of Art and Life

Media-N ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree D'Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Transformational Experiences

This paper utilizes “The Garden of Forking Paths” as a starting point to explore Borges’s concept of bifurcation and how the act of decision-making in everyday life is closely associated with similar theoretical themes in the Deleuzean notion of multiplicities. These topics then scaffold a self-reflective review of major events from D’Alessandro’s life that have shaped her past, present, and likely future. The personal and transformational experiences featured in this case study demonstrate how remix can be embraced as a broad definition and philosophy for life. 

CASE STUDY: COVID19 PANDEMIC AND THE PERSONAL FINANCIAL GOALS FOR RETIREMENT SAVINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
S.T. Janetius
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Positive Outlook

Covid-19 pandemic is creating devastating effects globally since the beginning of 2020. In India, the government declared a lockdown in the month of March 2020 that became the starting point of many psychological, emotional, social, and economic issues resulting from this pandemic. Job loss, pay cut, closure of the business enterprises are few of the many economic-related concerns that affected every financial decision-making. More than the threat of the virus, economic perils became a serious hazard to many ordinary people who live on the daily wages. The life of migrant workers took a serious twist due to massive unprecedented movement to their hometowns. Although the threat to survival was not a main concern for white-collar employees, the economic crisis was felt by them. This case study narrates the story of an economically comfortable person who sets financial goals for his retirement savings before the pandemic. While facing financial crisis due to pay cut, he quickly alters his decisions with a positive outlook. KEYWORDS: Covid-19 pandemic, Post-retirement preparation, Financial crisis, Decision making, Ageing and retirement

scholarly journals MENCIPTAKAN HARMONISASI DI LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN MELALUI MODEL PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN ISLAM MULTIKULTURAL (STUDI DI SMAN 1 NEGARA JEMBRANA-BALI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Made Saihu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
Religious Learning

This paper discusses the implementation of the Islamic religious learning approach model in Jembrana-Bali, a case study at State Senior High School (SMAN) 1 Negara. The focus of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of the multicultural learning model used in learning Islamic religious education. This multicultural learning model is a means of creating harmonious interactions and integrating understanding of diversity between Hindu and Muslim students, thus leading to peaceful practices in the educational environment. Sources of data were obtained through unstructured observations and interviews from July to September 2019. This paper shows that the learning process of Islamic religious education with a multicultural approach turns out to be able to shape the character of students, both Hindu and Muslim to become humanist, tolerant, and inclusive. In shaping character and to develop understanding of diversity, the learning approaches used are the contribution approach, additive approach, and decision-making and social action approaches proposed by Allison Cumming-McCann. Thus the interaction of students at SMAN 1 Negara, both Hindu and Muslim, leads to the process of acculturation and enculturation of two different religions and traditions.

scholarly journals Country Case Studies in Economic Fitness: Mexico and Brazil

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Kirstin Roster ◽  
Luciana Harrington ◽  
Masud Cader
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Unique Context

We leverage a new complexity framework called Economic Fitness, which characterizes an economy’s level of diversification and its capabilities to produce more complex products. It can be used to predict economic growth and competitiveness. This paper describes an application of Economic Fitness called the Country Opportunity Spotlight (COS) that assesses a country’s current level of capabilities and demonstrates which industries have upgrade and diversification potential given those capabilities. It helps unlock the explanatory and predictive power of Economic Fitness for policymakers. COS results serve as a starting point for policymakers to shape and validate priorities, compare countries, asses the capabilities needed in specific industries and begin identifying constraints to growth. We showcase the use of this framework for Mexico and Brazil. These countries provide an interesting case study, as they have similar growth outlooks yet demonstrate different productive capabilities. Examining Mexico and Brazil side by side illustrates the value this analysis can have on deciphering structural change and decision making and at the same time reinforces the need for a nuanced consideration of each country’s unique context.

Blockchain in Supply Chain: Case Study of Lottemart Ciputat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Handoyo ◽  
M. R. Mashudi ◽  
H. P. Ipung
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Production Processes

Current supply chain methods are having difficulties in resolving problems arising from the lack of trust in supply chains. The root reason lies in two challenges brought to the traditional mechanism: self-interests of supply chain members and information asymmetry in production processes. Blockchain is a promising technology to address these problems. The key objective of this paper is to present qualitative analysis for blockchain in supply chain as the decision-making framework to implement this new technology. The analysis method used Val IT business case framework, validated by the expert judgements. The further study needs to be elaborated by either the existing organization that use blockchain or assessment by the organization that will use blockchain to improve their supply chain management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document