Translation and Original

Target ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty M. van Leuven-Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Original Text ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Comparative Model

Abstract This article presents a method for the establishment and description of shifts in integral translations of narrative texts. The method is based on the premise that both micro- and macrostructural shifts in translation can furnish indications of the translational norms adopted by the translator, his interpretation of the original text and the strategy applied during the process of translation. Further it is based on the assumption that research on the nature and frequency of microstructural shifts must precede research on macrostructural ones, in order to guarantee that findings are verifiable and the study repeatable. Thus, the method developed consists of two components: a comparative and a descriptive model. The comparative model is designed for the classification of microstructural shifts, i.e. semantic, stylistic and pragmatic shifts within sentences, clauses and phrases. The descriptive model focuses on the effects of microstructural shifts on the macrostructural level. With the aid of this model shifts with respect to characters, events, time, place and other meaningful components of the text can be determined and described.

Translation and Original

Target ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty M. van Leuven-Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Descriptive Model ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Model Section

Abstract This article presents a method for the establishment and description of shifts in integral translations of narrative texts. The method is based on the premise that both micro- and macrostructural shifts in translation can furnish indications of the translational norms adopted by the translator, his interpretation of the original text and the strategy applied during the process of translation. In the first installment of the article (Target 1:2) the first component of the method was discussed, acomparative model for the classification of microstructural shifts. In addition, the theoretical basis of the second component, the descriptive model, was presented, focusing on the effects of microstructural shifts on the macrostructural level. The second installment gives a detailed explanation of the descriptive model (Section 4) and a brief account of the results which were obtained when the method was applied.

scholarly journals FOREIGN WORDS: ON THE ISSUES OF FUNCTIONING AND TRANSLATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Olga Grynko
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Foreign Word ◽  
Stylistic Device ◽  
Individual Style

When used in the texts, foreign words often function as a stylistic device and become a relevant feature of the author’s individual style. The article looks at the issues of functioning and translation of foreign words with the focus on those not being “adapted”, that is preserving its original “foreign” form (unlike those being transcribed without morphological and syntactical changes). The work systematizes the ways these elements are introduced into the original text. It shows they can either be introduced with no explanation, relying on the reader’s general expertise and creating certain environment, flavour etc. or be accompanied by any kind of their meaning’s explanation). The article also offers the insights into the key functions of the foreign words in popular-science texts (specifically, they make the text sound more authentic and documentary, and also display author’s intelligence and competence). Further, the research finalizes the classification of the ways to translate/render the foreign words in the translated text in the view of the genre peculiarities of popular-science texts. Among other ways, such as preserving a foreign word with a translation of the author’s comment, transcription/transliteration, translator’s comments, actual translation into the target language, etc., such texts allow for science editor’s comments in translation.

scholarly journals Classification of Literary Works: Fractality and Complexity of the Narrative, Essay, and Research Article

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Aldo Ramirez-Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Research Article ◽  
A Current

A complex network as an abstraction of a language system has attracted much attention during the last decade. Linguistic typological research using quantitative measures is a current research topic based on the complex network approach. This research aims at showing the node degree, betweenness, shortest path length, clustering coefficient, and nearest neighbourhoods’ degree, as well as more complex measures such as: the fractal dimension, the complexity of a given network, the Area Under Box-covering, and the Area Under the Robustness Curve. The literary works of Mexican writers were classify according to their genre. Precisely 87% of the full word co-occurrence networks were classified as a fractal. Also, empirical evidence is presented that supports the conjecture that lemmatisation of the original text is a renormalisation process of the networks that preserve their fractal property and reveal stylistic attributes by genre.

scholarly journals A Corpus-Based Study of the Linguistic Errors Committed by the Iranian EFL Learners in English Translation of MA Research Abstracts of Educational Management Based on Liao’s (2010) Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bahar Pourshahian
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Classification Of Error ◽  
Saturation Method ◽  
Ma Thesis

Given the importance and the precision required in the translation of research abstracts, this descriptive quantitative research made an attempt to investigate the analysis of the type and frequency of the linguistic errors occurring in the English translations of 40 academic MA research abstracts in the field of educational management. To this end, 40 academic MA thesis abstracts in the field of educational management from 2009 to 2019 were gathered from Shiraz Azad University through the saturation method. Then, the errors were categorized based on the classification of error types adapted from Liao’s model (2010). The results of the study revealed that based on Liao’s categorization (2010), the frequencies of possible linguistic errors by educational management include grammatical mistake or ungrammatical syntax of target language (F = 190), excessive literal translation, which leads to ambiguous translation (F = 30), awkward expression, including ambiguous meaning, mismatch, redundant words, and unnecessary repetition, (F = 29), incorrect character, improper punctuation marks, or inconsistency in term translation (F = 26), excessive free translation, which differentiates the translation from the original text (F = 6), and inappropriate register (F = 6).

scholarly journals Specifics of Translation of Emotive Vocabulary (Case study: “Howl's Moving Castle” Novel by Diana Wynne Jones)

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Guzel R. Nasibullova ◽  
Talant D. Bimakhanov ◽  
Alsu Kh. Ashrapova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Language Transfer ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Significance

The expression of an emotional state is a main feature that distinguishes fiction from other literary trends. The problem of emotivity is now among the most discussed issues in anthropocentric linguistics, but despite the researchers’ great attention, many of its aspects are still debatable. In the present research, features of the language transfer of emotions are investigated in the translation of fiction from English into Russian. The novel «Howl’s moving castle» by Diana Wynne Jones (1986) was selected as a material for monitoring the process of translating emotive vocabulary. Authors sought to classify the emotive vocabulary in an artistic work, and also consider and analyze the translation of this lexicon into Russian that was translated by Jones (2013). The following methods were used to solve tasks: A comparative analysis of the translation with original text, and transformational, quantitative, statistical analysis. The theoretical basis of research included classifications of emotive vocabulary that was proposed by Shakhovski (2008), and the classification of emotions by Izard (2007), as well as the classification of translational transformations by Barkhudarov (1975) and Komissarov (1990). The theoretical significance of research lies in the fact that the text emotivity phenomenon is considered according to the comparative linguistics, in general, and the theory of translation in particular. The equivalence of concepts of equivalence and adequacy of translation is justified and clearly demonstrated. The practical value of study is determined by the possibility of applying its results in the artistic translation, in teaching the methodology of translation, in development of didactic manuals on the theory and practice of translation, in the teaching English at senior courses of universities on practical lessons and seminars in special courses.

scholarly journals Investigation of summarization skills of primary school studentsİlkokul öğrencilerinin özetleme becerilerinin incelenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Yasemin Kuşdemir ◽  
Ceren Meral Düşünsel ◽  
Mücahit Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
School Students ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Teacher Gender

In order to understand a text or a book better and enhance the comprehension skills, a great number of strategies and methods is used in the process of reading. One of these is summarizing strategy that is employed after reading. Summarizing is the creation of a text corresponding to the original text on a small scale as its shorter form, by keeping the main theme and content of a text and through excluding less important information and details.The objective of this research made is to analyze the primary school fourth-grade students' summarizing skills. Summarizing skills have been analyzed in accordance with the subtitles that are shortening the outlined text and identifying the essential information, and writing title for the text summarized. The research was carried out with the participation of 247 students, in the center of Kırıkkale province in the academic year 2016-2017. Within the scope of study, “Interview Form Related to Summarization for the Primary School 4th-Grade Students”, “Summarizing Strategies Scoring Scale” and a narrative text have been used. 173 of students participated in the research have stated that they like both reading and writing; 40 of them have expressed that they prefer to read books mostly and 16 of them had rather to write. According to the research results, 116 of these students have a female classroom teacher and for 130 of them, their classroom teacher is male. The average scores pertaining to the variables for students to be able to write the summary of narrative texts, write a suitable title for the summary, distinguish essential information and make reductions in the summarized texts are at low level. Students' summarizing skills differ significantly according to gender and female students are understood to be more successful than male ones. When considered the variable of teacher's gender, it is understood that the students whose classroom teacher is male are more successful in writing a summary. Additionally, a significant relation between the scores for students' being able to write summary and student gender and teacher gender has been found out. When the scores for students' being able to write a title for the summary text which they have already written is analyzed, it has been determined that the averages of writing title for the students who have learnt how to summarize from their parents or friends are higher than the general average. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.  ÖzetBir metni veya kitabı daha iyi anlamak, anlama becerilerini geliştirmek için okuma sürecinde pek çok strateji ve yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bunlardan biri de okuma sonrasında kullanılan özetleme stratejisidir. Özetleme, bir metnin ana fikrini ve muhtevasını koruyarak, daha az önemli olan bilgi ve ayrıntıların çıkarılması yoluyla asıl metinden daha kısa olan küçük ölçekte bir benzeri olan bir metnin oluşturulmasıdır. Yapılan bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin özetlemeye ilişkin becerilerin incelenmesidir. Özetleme becerileri, özetlenen metni kısaltma ve önemli bilgileri belirleme ile yazılan özete başlık yazma alt başlıklarına göre analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kırıkkale il merkezinde 247 öğrencinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplamak için “İlkokul Dördüncü Sınıf Öğrencileri İçin Özetlemeye Yönelik Görüşme Formu”, “Özetleme Stratejileri Puanlama Ölçeği” ve hikâye edici bir metin kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin 173’ü hem okumayı hem de yazı yazmayı sevdiğini; 40’ı kitap okumayı, 16’sı ise yazı yazmayı daha çok tercih ettiğini belirtmiştir. Araştırma sonuçların göre bu öğrencilerden 116’sının sınıf öğretmeni kadın; 130’unun sınıf öğretmeni ise erkektir. Öğrencilerin hikâye edici metinlerin özetini yazabilme, özete başlık yazabilme, önemli bilgileri seçebilme ve özet metinlerde kısaltma yapabilme değişkenlerine ait ortalama puanları düşük seviyededir. Öğrencilerinin özet yazabilme becerileri cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir ve kızların erkeklere göre daha başarılı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Öğretmen cinsiyeti değişkeni dikkate alındığında,  sınıf öğretmeni erkek olan öğrencilerin özet yazmada daha başarılı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin özet yazabilme puanları ile öğrenci cinsiyeti ve öğretmen cinsiyeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin yazdıkları özet metne başlık yazabilme puanları incelendiğinde, özet yazmayı anne-babalarından veya arkadaşlarından öğrenen öğrencilerin başlık yazabilme ortalamalarının genel ortalamadan yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

scholarly journals Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Molina ◽  
Amparo Hurtado Albir
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Functionalist Approach

Abstract The aim of this article is to clarify the notion of translation technique, understood as an instrument of textual analysis that, in combination with other instruments, allows us to study how translation equivalence works in relation to the original text. First, existing definitions and classifications of translation techniques are reviewed and terminological, conceptual and classification confusions are pointed out. Secondly, translation techniques are redefined, distinguishing them from translation method and translation strategies. The definition is dynamic and functional. Finally, we present a classification of translation techniques that has been tested in a study of the translation of cultural elements in Arabic translations of A Hundred Years of Solitude by Garcia Marquez.

Departures in the spoken narratives of normal and language-disordered children

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Z. Liles ◽  
Sherry Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Adult Listener

ABSTRACTThe spoken narratives of 38 normal and language-disordered children (CA 7;6–10;6) were analyzed by describing their departures from the original text during recall. The narrative texts were presented to an adult listener following each child's viewing of a 35-minute film. The following departure types were compared across groups: (a) acceptable departures from the original text meaning, (b) unacceptable departures from the original text meaning, (c) grammatical departures (i.e., agrammatical utterances), (d) exact repetitions of words or phrases, (e) unacceptable departures from the text's meaning correctly repaired, (f) unacceptable departures from the text meaning incorrectly repaired, (g) departures from text meaning left unrepaired, and (h) repaired grammatical departures. Results indicated that both groups used a higher rate of acceptable departures from the original text meaning than any other departure type, with the normal children producing a higher rate of acceptable departures and a lower rate of unacceptable grammatical departures. Both groups repaired fewer unacceptable grammatical departures than unacceptable departures from text meaning. The groups did not differ in their tendency to ignore grammatical departures. Implications for language processing in narrative discourse are discussed.

scholarly journals Translation Strategies of Figurative Language in the Novel The Fault in Our Stars

K ta Kita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Deby Angelia
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Strategy

This research wanted to help the reader to understand about the classification of translation strategies in the novel The Fault in Our Stars. The writer used Larson’s (1998), proposes three strategies to translate figurative language. The writer was interested in analyzing the figurative language because there are many kinds of implicit meaning in figurative language; she felt that it was interesting to be analyzed. Besides, the writer chose a novel because it explains the story more detail than others such as movie. She chose The Fault in Our Stars novel because the story is quite touched and there are a lot of figurative languages on its novel. The writer hope that the translated meaning of figurative language can be the same as the original text.  Keywords: Translation, Translation Strategy, Figurative Language, Source Language, Target Language.

scholarly journals Circulation of St. Isaac of Nineveh’s Ascetical Homilies Outside the Church of the East. Part Two: Interpolation of Personal Names

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-145
Author(s):  
Алексей Дмитриевич Макаров
Keyword(s):  
Original Text ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Theodore Of Mopsuestia ◽  
Church Of The East ◽  
Evagrius Ponticus ◽  
The Church ◽  
Original Reading

Настоящая публикация является второй частью исследования, посвященного проблеме заимствования Первого собрания сочинений известного аскетического писателя Церкви Востока Исаака, епископа Ниневийского, христианами других конфессий. В данной части представлены результаты текстологического анализа разночтений имён авторитетных духовных писателей, цитируемых св. Исааком. Анализ был осуществлен по доступным автору сирийским манускриптам восточносирийского, западносирийского и сиро-халкидонского происхождения, которые в изначальном виде содержали полный текст Первого собрания св. Исаака Сирина, а также по греческому переводу и нескольким арабским рукописям. Задача исследования - восстановить историю филиации текста Первого собрания при пересечении конфессиональных границ. По результатам исследования удалось зафиксировать модификации текста во всех случаях употребления св. Исааком имён авторитетных для восточносирийской церковной традиции авторов: Диодора Тарсийского, Феодора Мопсуестийского и Евагрия Понтийского. При пересечении конфессиональных границ эти имена или относящиеся к ним эпитеты были заменены или пропущены с целью очищения исходного текста от нежелательных для переписчиков других конфессий элементов. При этом аутентичное чтение всегда засвидетельствовано списками восточносирийской редакции. В заключение автор исследования предлагает новую классификацию сирийских манускриптов, разделив их на четыре группы в зависимости от их происхождения и содержащихся в них чтений имён. В процессе исследования была установлена неизвестная доселе церковно-конфессиональная принадлежность нескольких манускриптов. Впервые удалось прояснить причины ряда текстуальных разночтений в восточносирийских списках, подвергшихся интерполяции со стороны сиро-ортодоксальных читателей. Isaac, bishop of Nineveh, belongs to the Church of the East’s most famous ascetic authors This three-part study explores the way how the First Part of his writings was adopted in other Syriac Christian communities. The second part analyzes variant readings of personal names of some important church figures in Isaac of Nineveh’s writings. Makarov uses all available Syriac manuscripts of East Syriac, West Syriac, and Chalcedonian Syriac origin, which initially contained the full text of the First Part, as well as its Greek and Arabic manuscripsts. Makarov seeks to reconstruct how the text changed as it crossed borders of different Christian communities. For that purpose, he explores variant readings of names of persons considered important in the Eastern Syriac tradition: Diodorus of Tarsus, Theodore of Mopsuestia, and Evagrius Ponticus. When Isaac’s writings were adopted in other Syriac Christian communities, the names or titles of those persons were intentionally removed or altered in order to purge the original text from the elements viewed as heterodox by the copyists and translators. In the East Syriac texts, however, the original reading is always preserved. Makarov proposes a new classification of the Syriac manuscripts based on their origin and on forms of personal names they contain. He also clarifies the origin of some previously unattributed manuscripts and explains variation in the East Syriac manuscripts, which, as he argued, is due to the later Jacobite readers.

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