Re-writing Hegemony in "Babel"

Target ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-327
Author(s):  
Anastasia Anastasiadou
Keyword(s):  
European Country ◽  
Four Quartets ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Act ◽  
Post War

Abstract This paper seeks to determine the ways in which the translation of T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets by the post-war Greek poet A. Decavalles challenges the hegemony of this major text of the Western canon. Four Quartets is considered an anti-local poem, expressing the desire for the creation of "classic" English, which presupposes a transcendental linguistic essence and a "universal" perspective. Decavalles evinces an active attitude towards translation both in his reference to it as "re-creation" and in his creation of a target text which is at points not fluent, and even problematic. The opacity of the rewriting of Four Quartets in Greek, a language of a peripheral European country, constitutes a political act of resistance to Western (modernist) hegemony as it undermines the metaphysical certainties of Eliot's text.

scholarly journals Disruption, destruction and the creation of ‘the inner cities’: the impact of urban renewal on industry, 1945–1980

Urban History ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISTAIR KEFFORD
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT:This article examines the impact of post-war urban renewal on industry and economic activity in Manchester and Leeds. It demonstrates that local redevelopment plans contained important economic underpinnings which have been largely overlooked in the literature, and particularly highlights expansive plans for industrial reorganization and relocation. The article also shows that, in practice, urban renewal had a destabilizing and destructive impact on established industrial activities and exacerbated the inner-city problems of unemployment and disinvestment which preoccupied policy-makers by the 1970s. The article argues that post-war planning practices need to be integrated into wider histories of deindustrialization in British cities.

The Emergency Advisory Committee for Political Defense

1944 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-241
Author(s):  
Carl B. Spaeth ◽  
William Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
American Experience ◽  
American States ◽  
Testing Ground ◽  
Pan American ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right ◽  
American Union

The war and the present preoccupation with post-war plans have brought about a general awareness of the fact that the Americas have been a testing ground for the orderly organization of relations among sovereign states, especially in the development of cooperative principles and techniques. The construction of a political organization within which these principles and techniques could be consolidated has not, however, characterized the American experience. The Pan American Union, for example, is expressly denied the right to consider political or controversial questions, and proposals for the creation of a “league” or “association” of American states has met with courteous but definite coolness.

scholarly journals An Overview of Public History in Italy: No Longer A Field Without a Name

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Noiret
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Public History ◽  
Public Archaeology ◽  
Italian Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War ◽  
New Millennium

AbstractThis article traces the origins and development of public history in Italy, a field not anymore without this name today. Public history in Italy has its roots in historical institutions born in the nineteenth century and in the post WW2 first Italian Republic. The concept of “public use of history” (1993), the important role played by memory issues in post-war society, local and national identity issues, the birth of public archaeology (2015) before public history, the emergence of history festivals in the new millennium are all important moments shaping the history of the field and described in this essay. The foundation of the “Italian Association of Public History” (AIPH) in 2016/2017, and the promotion of an Italian Public History Manifesto (2018) together with the creation of Public History masters in universities, are all concrete signs of a vital development of the field in the Peninsula.

Education and Modernization: An Examination of the Experiences of Japan and Ethiopia

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-546
Author(s):  
Getachew Felleke
Keyword(s):  
European Country ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Cultural Integrity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Post War ◽  
Comparative Examination

AbstractJapan has cultivated an immensely positive image among countries in the Sub-Saharan Region of Africa. Its industrial prowess, its post-war image as champion of peace, and its generous contributions of aid through its ODA lie behind this image. Beyond this, it also has long been regarded as a model of how a non-western and non-European country can successfully undertake a fast paced process of modernization. It is especially appealing as a model for African states to emulate in that the country managed to achieve its modernization without having to bear an undue cost of erosion of sovereignty and cultural integrity. This paper is a comparative examination of the early and divergent approaches to modernization that were adopted by Japan and Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Postwar creations of strangers and estrangement: Notes on the ways to recovery and normalization

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Augustyn Bańka
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Critical Moments

Abstract This paper is an attempt at exploring the phenomenon of creation of strangers and estrangement as post-war trauma effects. It starts with an observation that post-war is a mental state manifesting itself in individuals as estrangement from themselves, environment, other people, and from the very meaning of life. The post-war trauma triggers a tendency for recovery and normalization of life, which, however, never ends. The paper focuses mainly on four aspects. Firstly, critical moments of the evolution of post-war periods in Europe are discussed, starting with the end of war until now. Secondly, the evolution of change in mental moral grammar in specific post-war periods is looked upon. Thirdly, paths to recovery and normalization through the creation of strangers and estrangement in consecutive, critical post-war periods are indicated. Lastly, this paper tries to present the paradoxes of all the periods of the post-war syndrome.

scholarly journals Making the Countryside Global: The Bucharest School of Sociology and International Networks of Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Raluca Muşat
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
International Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War

The interwar period was a time when the rural world gained new prominence in visions of modernity and modernisation across the world. The newly reconfigured countries of Eastern Europe played a key role in focusing attention on the countryside as an important area of state intervention. This coincided with a greater involvement of the social sciences in debates and in projects of development and modernisation, both nationally and internationally. This article examines the contribution of the Bucharest School of Sociology to the creation of an idea of ‘the global countryside’ that emerged in the interwar years and only matured in the post-war period.

scholarly journals Haunted futures: The stigma of being a mother living apart from her child(ren) as a result of state-ordered court removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Morriss
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Traumatic Loss ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vulnerable Families ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Act ◽  
Future Pregnancy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Structural Inequalities

The notion of ‘haunted futures’ can provoke new understandings of the experiences of birth mothers living apart from their children as a result of state-ordered court removal. As ‘abject figures’, the mothers are silenced through the stigma and shame of being judged to be a deeply flawed mother, the justifiable fear of future children being removed, and court-ordered reporting restrictions. In this article, the author depicts how these mothers exist in a state of haunted motherhood: they are paralysed in anticipation of an imagined future of reunification with their children. The mothers are painfully aware that any future pregnancy will also be subject to child protection procedures; thus even their future motherhood continues to be stigmatised by the past. However, while the ghosts of removed children signify a traumatic loss, they also simultaneously represent hope and future possibilities of transformation through re-narrativisation. The creation of spaces for the mothers to speak about their experiences can foster a ‘maternal commons’. This ending of enforced silencing can be a political act, countering the stigma caused by pathologising individual mothers and making visible how structural inequalities and governmental policies impact on the lives of the most vulnerable families in the UK.

scholarly journals The Creation of the Monnet Plan, 1945–1946: A Critical Re-Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUC-ANDRÉ BRUNET
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Honest Broker ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Planning Office ◽  
French Communist Party

Drawing on an extensive range of French archival sources as well as Jean Monnet's papers, this article challenges several commonly held views regarding the establishment of the Monnet Plan by re-examining the domestic political context in post-war France. It reveals that the distinctive ‘supra-ministerial’ structure of the Monnet Plan was developed only after, and in direct response to, the October 1945 legislative elections in which the French Communist Party won the most seats and subsequently gained control of France's main economic ministries. Furthermore, Monnet managed to convince communist ministers to surrender important powers from their ministries to Monnet's nascent planning office on false premises, a finding that challenges the usual depiction of Monnet as an open and honest broker.

Defence budgeting and accountability: Britain and the United States

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Stephen Kirby ◽  
Andrew Cox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War

Post-war budgeting for defence in Britain and the United States has become highly complex and politically contentious both for successive administrations and for Congress and Parliament. In the 1950s and 1960s new methods of budgeting were introduced by the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) which held out the prospect both of more efficient management of defence programmes and of greater accountability for defence spending to the respective legislatures. Paradoxically, these same methods presented problems to Congress and Parliament and to their defence and financial committees, which were unable to comprehend the new budget techniques. This and other problems produced pressure in the 1970s, in both countries, for the creation of new committees for the scrutiny of defence and other public spending matters. This paper will examine briefly the developments in defence budgeting in Britain and America and assess the advantages they were purported to offer, especially those that relate to defence accountability. It will then examine the responses of Congress and Parliament to them and assess the extent to which new committees, created in the 1970s, were able to draw upon those budget techniques in a way that provided greater accountability of defence.

THE EUROPEAN PATENT: AN OLD AND VEXING PROBLEM

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
European Parliament ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent System ◽  
European Patent ◽  
International Patent ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Rich History ◽  
Vexing Problem

AbstractIn December 2012, the European Parliament supported the creation of a European patent with unitary effect. For the next year at least, the international patent community will be on the edge of its proverbial seat, waiting to see whether the proposal becomes a reality. If it does, it will be a significant event in both the long and rich history of patent law, and in the equally rich and understudied history of attempts to create a European patent system. In this article I consider the three post-war European patent initiatives of the most direct and enduring relevance in that regard with a view to answering the following questions. First, what drove them? Second, what issues confronted them? And third, how were those issues resolved and with what ultimate effect? In the concluding section I relate the discussion back to the present by offering some remarks on the current European patent proposal in light of the same.

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