Some Thoughts About Think-Aloud Protocol

Target ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Séguinot
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Think Aloud Protocol ◽  
Natural Discourse ◽  
Protocol Study

Abstract Empirical studies of the translation process have used think-aloud protocols to provide a window into the mental activity which is not directly observable. This paper reports on a protocol study in a natural discourse situation involving two professional translators and discusses the relevance of the data to the debate on the use of verbalization as a methodology. The protocol provides evidence of translation strategies and points to the need for a dynamic model of the translation process that takes into account activation, suppression, and attending mechanisms.

scholarly journals Manifestation of Translation Strategies via Think-aloud Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (22) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Samaneh Rahnama
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Think Aloud Protocol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Qualitative Phase

This study was concerned with the effect of think-aloud method on the translation process. The aim of this study was to examine differences between translators in the implementation of Newmark’s strategies in translating general texts from English into Persian. Four students (three females and one male) majoring in Translation Studies participated in this study. The researcher used a mixed-method design. In the qualitative phase of the study, the data were collected through the think-aloud protocol, translation task, and cassette recorders. The results suggested that there was no significant difference between translators in the implementation of Newmark strategies with regard to translation tasks. During the quantitative phase of the study, the researcher examined the difference between the translators in implementing translation strategies while translating general texts from English into Persian. In this phase of the study, the data were analyzed using SPSS 19 performing Chi-square. The results of this phase proposed that there was statistically no significant difference between the four translators with regard to most of the translation strategies.

scholarly journals USING THINK ALOUD PROTOCOLS TO ASSESS THE USE OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE WITH SERBIAN STUDENTS OF ENGLISH

2019 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Marta Veličković
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
English Department ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
English Speaker ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Think Aloud Protocol ◽  
Approach To Teaching

One of the issues which has not received enough attention in the Serbian linguistic environment is how Serbian (L1) learners of English (L2) decide which criteria are sufficient and appropriate for the use of the definite article in English. The success that linguists would have in mapping these criteria could make it possible for us to identify key problem areas in this case, and thus provide our students with appropriate and explicit input regarding how to better understand the use of the definite article. What this type of knowledge could lead to is a more specialized approach to teaching articles to non-native speakers (NNS) in the L1 Serbian/L2 English speaker community. With this aim in mind, we have carried out a pilot study which included six NNS of English, seniors at the English Department of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš. Using the method of the think-aloud protocol and a specially-designed fill-in-the-blank task, we attempted to elicit information from our respondents regarding which rules for definite article use, whether specific or non-specific, they rely on and how they account for the use of the definite article in select anaphoric definite and associative definite contexts.

Cognitive Effort and Efficiency in Translation Revision

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Schaeffer ◽  
Anke Tardel ◽  
Sascha Hofmann ◽  
Silvia Hansen-Schirra
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Task Time

Empirical studies of revision are often based on either think aloud protocols, interviews, or observational methods. Eye tracking and keylogging methods are rarely applied to the study of revision behavior. The authors employ established methods from translation process research (TPR) to study the eye movement and typing behavior during self-revision (i.e., the phase in the translation process that follows a first complete draft). The authors measure the effect of behavior during the drafting phase on the relative revision duration. Relative revision duration is the time translators spend revising the first complete draft of the source text. They find that the most efficient process involves a large degree of concurrent reading and writing and few deletions during the drafting phase. The efficiency gains in terms of relative revision duration achieved by avoiding discontinuous typing, by making a larger number of deletions, pausing for longer amounts of time, and engaging in less concurrent reading and writing are outweighed by the gains in total task time by doing the exact opposite.

Legal meta-comments in the think-aloud protocols of legal translators and lawyers

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Griebel
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols

Abstract In order to ensure successful subprocesses within the overall legal translation process, a correct and comprehensive understanding of the source text is crucial. Legal translators must be able to grasp all the legal, linguistic, communicative, and situational dimensions of the text. The focus of this study is on the cognitive processes involved in the first reading phase of the legal translation process and, in particular, on the question of whether legal translators and lawyers have different text reception processes. By analysing the think-aloud protocols recorded in a mixed-methods study, legal meta-comments (LMCs) from translators and lawyers are examined and compared. The results suggest that the two groups approach the text from different angles, which leads to some suggestions for further developing the training of legal translators.

scholarly journals Revisie in vertaling: wanneer en wat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hella Breedveld ◽  
Huub Van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Cognitive Context ◽  
Draft Version ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Function

Translators often go through their texts several times before considering their translations ‘done’. In most translation process research the different runs through the text after producing a draft version of the translation are considered as a single revision stage of the translation process. If, however, the factor time is taken into account, it might be expected that the revision activities a translator performs differ in nature and function depending on the moment where they occur during the translation process. The present article is a search for describing and understanding revision processes based on this view. Revision activities in the think-aloud protocols of five translators are analysed with regard to cognitive context and text processing characteristics. Results show that there is little evidence that revision activities vary during the translation process. Revision activities seem to occur at random throughout the translation process and appear to be triggered locally.

scholarly journals The Manners Of Cognitive Processin Translating English Phrasal Verbs Into Indonesian

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Fitri Ervina Tarigan, Anni Holila Pulungan, Rahmad Husein
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
English Education ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
State University ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Think Aloud Protocol ◽  
Recorded Observation

This study dealt with the cognitive process of students in translating English Phrasal Verbs into Indonesian  by using the think-aloud protocol (TAP) technique and introspective interview. The objectives of the study was1) to elaboratethe manner of cognitive processes occurring in translating English Phrasal Verbs into Indonesian . This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative design. The source of data was the bilingual students, they were sixth semester students of English Education Program  at State University of Medan. The source of data were taken by using Snowballing Technique.  The data consisted of the transcription of audio recorded observation of think-aloud protocols (TAP), and the transcription of interview. The findings showed that there are six  behaviors available during the process of translation done by the students, namely 1) reading the text, 2) alternating between the SL and the TL 3) monitoring the proposed translation, 4) consulting the dictionary 5) paraphrasing, and 6) translation. The cognitive processes occur when  the subjects 1) read the text, either they read the whole SL  or segment by segment, 2) kept repeating the term (the lexical) which indicates hesitation, questioning, and remembering the real meaning 3) were not able to make decision for an equivalent,  4) did not understand the meaning of verbs  and consult the dictionary, 6) tried to clarify a concept and reformulate a proposed translation by paraphrase, and 7) wrote down a translation and express it orally.

scholarly journals Using Think Aloud Protocols to Assess E-Prescribing in Community Pharmacies

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilola K. Odukoya ◽  
Michelle A. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Think Aloud Protocol ◽  
Main Challenge

Introduction: Think aloud protocol has rarely been used as a method of data collection in community pharmacies. Purpose: The aim of the report is to describe how think aloud protocols were used to identify issues that arise when using e-prescribing technology in pharmacies. In this paper, we report on the benefits and challenges of using think aloud protocols in pharmacies to examine the use of e-prescribing systems. Methods: Sixteen pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were recruited from seven community pharmacies in Wisconsin. Data were collected using direct observation alongside think aloud protocol. Direct observations and think aloud protocols took place between January-February, 2011. Participants were asked to verbalize their thoughts as they process electronic prescriptions. Results: Participants identified weaknesses in e-prescribing that they had previously not conceived. This created heightened awareness for vigilance when processing e-prescriptions. The main challenge with using think aloud protocols was due to interruptions in the pharmacies. Also, a few participants found it challenging to remember to continue verbalizing their thought process during think aloud sessions. Conclusion: The use of think aloud protocols as method of data collection is a new way for understanding the issues related to technology use in community pharmacy practice. Think aloud protocol was beneficial in providing objective information on e-prescribing use not solely based on pharmacist's or technician's opinion of the technology. This method provided detailed information on a wide variety of real time challenges with e-prescribing technology use in community pharmacies. Using this data collection method can help identify potential patient safety issues when using e-prescribing and suggestions for redesign.   Type: Note

Vertalen Als Revisie

1998 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Hella Breedveld
Keyword(s):  
Writing Process ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Writing Research ◽  
Cognitive Activities

The study of translation processes tends to focus on the local processes involved in finding translations for words or expressions in the source text. In order to find out which processes are involved in the production of a target text based on an existing source text in another language, translation studies may profit from models that have been developed in research on the writing process. Certain categories of cognitive activities found in research on the writing process can be used in the analysis of think-aloud protocols of the translation process. Especially the notion of revising, as developed in writing research, can help to understand how translators proceed in order to produce a good text in a target language.

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