The use of Latin American, Hispanic and Latino in US academic articles, 2000–2010

Terminology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Valdeón
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
American English ◽  
British English ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hispanic And Latino ◽  
The One ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Real Academia

This paper addresses the issue of terms, namely Latin American, Hispanic and Latino, whose definitions are affected by social, economic, historical and ideological factors and which are at the crossroads of two or more disciplines. Definitions will be provided, using the Merriam-Webster for American English, the Oxford Dictionary for British English, and the Diccionario de la Real Academia for Spanish. The concept of ethnicity, introduced by the US Census Office in the 1970s to identify the Hispanic minority, will also be dealt with. The next section will examine the preferred choices of usage in academic journals in two broad areas, the Social Sciences on the one hand, and the Medical and Nursing professions on the others. It covers a total of 58 academic papers from two distinct periods, 2000–2005 and 2006–2010, in order to establish whether the terms are used consistently in the two broad areas, and whether there are major differences in use in the two time spans. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the findings, a reference to other activities that can be affected by the ambiguities of the definitions, and suggestions for further research.

The First Half of the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Welfare State

The years between 1900 and 1945 were very difficult for humanity. In this period, not only were there two world wars to survive but also some of the worst parts of the social, economic, and environmental challenges of sustainable development all began to make themselves felt. The one area in which progress was made was in the social context, in which the rights of workers and the welfare state expanded. The idea of ‘development’, especially for the developing world, also evolved in this period. In the economic arena, the world went up, and then crashed in the Great Depression, producing negative results that were unprecedented. In environmental terms, positive templates were created for some habitat management, some wildlife law, and parts of freshwater conservation. Where there was not so much success was with regard to air and chemical pollution.

scholarly journals Revisiting Health in Colonial Bengal: A Literary Overview (1880 -1930)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
Tinni Goswami Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vernacular Literature ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Tensions ◽  
The One ◽  
Active Link

The essential theme of this paper is to highlight the condition of health and hygiene in the British Bengal from the perspective of official documents and vernacular writings, with special emphasis on the journals and periodicals. The fatal effects of the epidemics like malaria and cholera, the insanitary condition of the rural Bengal and the cultivated indifference of the British Raj made the lives of the poor natives miserable and ailing. The authorities had a tendency to blame the colonized for their illiteracy and callousness, which became instrumental for the outbreak of the epidemics. On the other, in the late 19 th and the beginning of the 20th, the vernacular literature played the role of a catalyst in awakening health awareness, highlighting the issues related with ill health, insanitation and malnourishment. More importantly, it became an active link between the society and culture on the one hand, and health and people on the other. The present researcher wants to highlight these opposite trajectories of mentalities with a different connotation. The ideologies of the Raj and the native political aspirations often reflected in the colonial writings, where the year 1880 was considered as a landmark in the field of public health policies. On the other, the dichotomy between the masters and the colonized took a prominent shape during 1930s. Within these fifty years; the health of the natives witnessed many upheavals grounded on the social, economic and cultural tensions.

The Effects of the Westward Movement on California's Growth and Development, 1900–1920

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Frank L. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
United States Population ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Westward Movement ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Internal migration is a growing social phenomenon of today's America: a third of the United States population live in a different state from the one in which they have been born. This, however, has been a constant aspect of the American experience. The author of the present essay analyzes in an historical perspective the growth of California from 1900–1920 under the impact of the westward movement. The social, economic and political implications of the California development are the main features of this paper.

Persevering through Colonial Transition: Nazareth's Palestinian Residents after 1948

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Leena Dallasheh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Ideal

Nazareth, the only Palestinian city to survive the 1948 war intact, became the social, economic, and political hub of Palestinian life in the postwar period. As such, it provides the ideal setting to study early Palestinian responses to the creation of Israel. This paper reexamines the ambivalent relationship between Nazareth's political leadership and the newly established State of Israel to argue that the Palestinian citizens of Israel were neither traitors and collaborators, on the one hand, nor passively quiescent, on the other. Rather, as a new national minority, Palestinians overcame myriad forms of control as they negotiated the structural obstacles placed before them by their new overlords. Local Communist politicians, in particular, took a leading role to advocate on behalf of Nazarenes beset by the day-to-day hardships of poverty, hunger, displacement, and unemployment. The Israeli authorities harped on the Communist threat in response, echoing the Cold War rhetoric of the time.

The Chinese and Japanese in the Census

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schor
Keyword(s):  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
The Us ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
New Race ◽  
The One ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Foreign Birth

This chapter discusses the integration of Chinese and Japanese into the US census. The American census added a new race it termed “Chinese” to its questionnaires beginning in 1870 and “Japanese” in 1890. The remarkable thing is that what was a nationality immediately became a race as well. Since 1850, the place of birth of all inhabitants had been recorded, whether or not they were immigrants, and in the case of non-European immigrants, two categories of origin were involved: on the one hand, foreign birth, and on the other hand, race, which was transmitted to the following generations. In spite of their small numbers, Asian immigrants were the object of disproportionate attention in the US census, to the point that in 1920, out of nine possible racial categories, five were Asian.

New Asian Races, New Mixtures, and the “Mexican” Race

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Racial Classification ◽  
Racial Categorization ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The One ◽  
Us Census

This chapter discusses changes in racial categorization in the early twentieth century with respect to the US census. Whenever there was a question of the racial classification of new populations, whether in the continental United States or in the territories acquired since 1867, the census always relied on the principles and techniques developed since 1850 to distinguish blacks from whites. Chief among these was the principle of hypodescent, in more or less rigid forms. However, the early twentieth century saw change occurring in two directions: on the one hand, the racialization of a growing number of non-European immigrants and their descendants; on the other, the weakening of the distinctions between the descendants of European immigrants. The remainder of the chapter details the disappearance of the “mulatto” category and the introduction and forcible elimination of the “Mexican” category.

Examining social, physical, and environmental dimensions of tornado vulnerability in Texa

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Laura Siebeneck, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Us Census

Objective: To develop a vulnerability model that captures the social, physical, and environmental dimensions of tornado vulnerability of Texas counties. Design: Guided by previous research and methodologies proposed in the hazards and emergency management literature, a principle components analysis is used to create a tornado vulnerability index. Data were gathered from open source information available through the US Census Bureau, American Community Surveys, and the Texas Natural Resources Information System.Setting: Texas counties.Results: The results of the model yielded three indices that highlight geographic variability of social vulnerability, built environment vulnerability, and tornado hazard throughout Texas. Further analyses suggest that counties with the highest tornado vulnerability include those with high population densities and high tornado risk.Conclusions: This article demonstrates one method for assessing statewide tornado vulnerability and presents how the results of this type of analysis can be applied by emergency managers towards the reduction of tornado vulnerability in their communities.

scholarly journals Soziale Bewegungen in Lateinamerika

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (142) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
"Mónica Bruckmann ◽  
Theotonio Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Soziale Bewegungen ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
Latin American Countries

At the beginning of the 20th century, social movements in Latin America were heavily influenced by anarchist immigrants from Europe and then by the ideological struggles around the Russian revolution. Beginning in the 1930s, many social movements started to incorporate into leftwing and populist parties and governments, such as the Cardenismo in Mexico. Facing the shift of many governments towards the left and the 'threat' of socialist Cuba, ultrarightwing groups and the military, supported by the US, responded in many countries with brutal repression and opened the neoliberal era. Today, after 30 years of repression and neoliberal hegemony, the social movements are gaining strength again in many Latin American countries. With the anti-globalization movement, new insurrections like the Zapatismo in Mexico, and some leftwing governments coming into power in Venezuela, Brasil and other countries, there appears to be a new turn in Latin America's road to the future.

scholarly journals Vidljive i prikrivene sociokulturne posljedice uniformiranosti suvremenog turizma

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatko Jadrešić
Keyword(s):  
Stable Distribution ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Phenomenon ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The duality of contemporary tourism is reflected in the stable distribution o f, on the one hand, positive and, on the other, negative and unfavourable social and economic functions. The paper investigates the causes and the manifestations of a specific and more and more significant (regarding its immanent dangers) field of tourism which speaks of the so-called “other”, dark, negative, unfavourable, conflictual, even pathological in certain elements side of this contemporary and prestigious-important social-economic phenomenon. The investigation is a segment of the author’s scientific project which has been accepted by the Croatian Ministry of Science and Technology entitled “Social and Economic Contradictions of Croatian Tourism” and whichwill investigate the social and sociocultural negative phenomena in tourism both in Croatia and elsewhere. The aim and purpose of die project is to diagnose the problems, to systematise them, to establish the ways and measures to relativise, alleviate or uproot a part or the totality of these phenomena all with the purpose to affirm and advance its positive social and economic functions and activities in order to achieve more permanent and lucrative social and economic effects. Various examples of visible and hidden consequences from world tourism culled from the relevant sources warn and make suggestions to Croatian toursim how to “actualize” this question for the benefit of tourism in Croatia.

scholarly journals Langdon Winner’s Intellectual Trajectory and Political Engagement: A Latin-American Perspective from Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
María Belén Albornoz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Virtual Conference

In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Langdon Winner was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Sharon Traweek. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This response to Winner’s Bernal lecture considers his legacy beyond the US. The author traces Winner’s influence in Ecuador and Latin America more generally through a tracing back of Winner's politea which draws on Plato’s technē as a model for understanding inherently political artifacts.

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